scholarly journals Analysis of Conveyance Losses from Tertiary Irrigation Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1740
Author(s):  
Naeem Shah Bukhari Syed ◽  
Zhao Shuqi ◽  
Muhammad Munir Babar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Soothar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Porous Soil ◽  
Conveyance Losses

Irrigation canals are generally made through porous soil formations, since the soil is loose porous media – a huge amount of canal water is lost to conveyance losses. The situation becomes direr when these losses result in non-beneficial losses. The Sindh province of Pakistan has more than 70% saline groundwater, conveyance losses to such areas in the province not only become unusable but also creates water management problems. Perhaps the only cost-effective way to address these losses is canal lining. The present study was conducted in the command area of Belharo distributary, Sindh, Pakistan with an aim to determine the extent of losses from the tertiary irrigated network as these water channels are less considered in the literature with regards of conveyance losses. Using water balance method, conveyance efficiency and conveyance losses at 30% lined and 50 and 75% unlined length of the watercourses was observed. The results revealed that the tertiary irrigation channels face an average of 43% conveyance losses and major proportion of these losses is lost to non-beneficial losses from the study area. The study further suggests 75% lining of watercourses in order to minimize non-beneficial losses. This study also infers that with the use of geo-membrane lining, sizeable amount of fresh water can be saved. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091756 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Combining ground-based and airborne EM through Artificial Neural Networks for modelling glacial till under saline groundwater conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3061-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gunnink ◽  
J. H. A. Bosch ◽  
B. Siemon ◽  
B. Roth ◽  
E. Auken
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Groundwater Quantity ◽  
Airborne Em

Abstract. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods supply data over large areas in a cost-effective way. We used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify the geophysical signal into a meaningful geological parameter. By using examples of known relations between ground-based geophysical data (in this case electrical conductivity, EC, from electrical cone penetration tests) and geological parameters (presence of glacial till), we extracted learning rules that could be applied to map the presence of a glacial till using the EC profiles from the airborne EM data. The saline groundwater in the area was obscuring the EC signal from the till but by using ANN we were able to extract subtle and often non-linear, relations in EC that were representative of the presence of the till. The ANN results were interpreted as the probability of having till and showed a good agreement with drilling data. The glacial till is acting as a layer that inhibits groundwater flow, due to its high clay-content, and is therefore an important layer in hydrogeological modelling and for predicting the effects of climate change on groundwater quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Combining ground-based and airborne EM through Artificial Neural Networks for modelling hydrogeological units under saline groundwater conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3269-3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gunnink ◽  
J. H. A. Bosch ◽  
B. Siemon ◽  
B. Roth ◽  
E. Auken
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Groundwater Quantity ◽  
Airborne Em

Abstract. Airborne Electro Magnetic (EM) methods supply data over large areas in a cost-effective way. We used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify the geophysical signal into a meaningful geological parameter. By using examples of known relations between ground-based geophysical data (in this case electrical conductivity, EC, from Electrical Cone Penetration Tests) and geological parameters (presence of glacial till), we extracted learning rules that could be applied to map the presence of a glacial till using the EC profiles from the airborne EM data. The saline groundwater in the area was obscuring the EC signal from the till but by using ANN we were able to extract subtle and often non-linear, relations in EC that were representative for the presence of the till. The ANN results were interpreted as the probability of having till and showed a good agreement with drilling data. The glacial till is acting as a layer that inhibits groundwater flow, due to its high clay-content, and is therefore an important layer in hydrogeological modelling and for predicting the effects of climate change on groundwater quantity and quality.

EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) CROP YIELD AND SOIL SALINITY IN A SEMI-ARID AREA OF NORTH INDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY SINGH ◽  
SUDHINDRA NATH PANDA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Water Source ◽  
North India ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Groundwater

SUMMARYThe groundwater in some parts of north India is generally saline and not suitable for drinking. However, it can be used for growing salt-tolerant crop plants. To explore the potential of using saline groundwater for farm production, a field experiment was conducted at Shahpur village, near Hisar in Haryana State, India, to study the effect of different qualities of irrigation water on mustard (Brassica juncea, cv. RH–30) crop growth, yield, water use efficiency and soil salinity. Treatments consisted of combinations of irrigation with saline groundwater (electrical conductivity (EC) 7.48 dS m−1), and a good quality canal water (EC 0.4 dS m−1) applied either alone, as blends or in alternate applications. In all treatments, canal water was used for pre-sowing irrigation. In mustard cultivation, saline groundwater with an EC of 7.48 dS m−1 can be used safely to supplement all post-sowing irrigations with marginal decline in crop yield. Irrigation with saline groundwater gave a yield as high as 95% of the optimum crop yield obtained with fresh canal water. The temporal variation in salinity showed that mustard yield responds to the average salinity of the soil during the growing season. Thus saline groundwater is a good water source to exploit for supplemental irrigation.

scholarly journals Regional Groundwater Quality Management through Hydrogeological Modeling in LCC, West Faisalabad, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Shakoor ◽  
Zahid Mahmood Khan ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Hafiz Umar Farid ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Regional Groundwater

The intensive abstraction of groundwater is causing a number of problems such as groundwater depletion and quality deterioration. To manage such problems, the data of 256 piezometers regarding groundwater levels and quality were acquired for the period of 2003 to 2012 in command area of Lower Chenab Canal (LCC), West Faisalabad, Pakistan. MODFLOW and MT3D models were calibrated for the period of 2003–2007 and validated for years 2008–2012 with respect to observed groundwater levels and quality data, respectively. After the successful calibration and validation, two pumping scenarios were developed up to year 2030: Scenario I (increase in pumping rate according to the historical trend) and Scenario II (adjusted canal water supplies and groundwater patterns). The predicted results of Scenario I revealed that, up to year 2030, the area under good quality groundwater reduced significantly from 50.35 to 28.95%, while marginal and hazardous groundwater quality area increased from 49.65 to 71.06%. Under Scenario II, the good quality groundwater area increased to 6.32% and 12.48% area possesses less hazardous quality of groundwater. It was concluded that the canal water supply should shift from good quality aquifer zone to poor quality aquifer zone for proficient management of groundwater at the study area.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Irrigation Water Components for Water Resources Management using Geo-Informatics Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Sikandar Ali ◽  
Megersa Kebede Leta ◽  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Irrigation water management components evaluation is mandatory for sustainable irrigated agriculture production in the era of water scarcity. In this research spatio-temporal distribution of irrigation water components were evaluated at canal command area in Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) using remote sensing based geo-informatics approach. Satellite derived MODIS product-based Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was used for the estimation of the Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa). Satellite derived SEBAL based ETa was calibrated and validated using the ground data-based advection aridity method (AA). Statistical analysis of the SEBAL based ETa and AA shows the mean 87.1 mm and 47.9 mm and, 100 mm and 77 mm, Standard deviation of 27.7 mm and 15.9 mm and, 34.9 mm and 16.1 mm, R of 0.93 and 0.94, NSE of 0.72 and 0.85, PBIASE -12.9 and -4.4, RMSE 34.9 and 5.76 for the Kharif and Rabi season, respectively. Rainfall data was acquired from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). TRMM based rainfall was calibrated with the point observatory data of the Pakistan Metrological Department Stations. Canal water data was collected from the Punjab Irrigation department for the assessment of canal water availability. Water The water balance approach was applied in the unsaturated zone for the quantification of the gross and net Groundwater irrigation. Mmonthly variation of ETa with the minimum average value of 63.3 mm in January and the maximum average value of 110.6 mm in August was found. While, the average annual of four cropping years (2011-12 to 2014-15) ETa was found 899 mm. Average of the sum of Net Canal Water Use (NCWU) and Rainfall during the study period of four years was only 548 mm (36% of ETa) and this resulted the 739.6 mm of groundwater extraction. While the annual based variation in groundwater extraction of 632 mm and 780 mm was found. Seasonal analysis revealed 39% and 61% of groundwater extraction proportion during Rabi and Kharif season, respectively. The variation in four cropping year’s monthly groundwater extraction was found 28.7 mm to 120.3 mm. This variation was high in the 2011-12 to 2012-13 cropping year (0 mm to 148.7 mm), dependent upon the occurrence of rainfall and crop phenology. Net groundwater irrigation, estimated after incorporating the efficiencies was 503 mm year-1 on average for the four cropping years.

scholarly journals REHABILITASI SALURAN TERSIER DESA SUKOANYAR PAKIS KABUPATEN MALANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Noerhayati ◽  
Bambang Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Repair Facility ◽  
The City ◽  
Implementation Stage

ABSTRACTThe rehabilitation channel carried out in Sukoanyar Village aims to improve the welfare of community empowerment and farmer development. Farmer's empowerment and development is improving tertiary irrigation network infrastructure, which increases yields. Proper irrigation channels can make irrigation water needs in the fields. This activity in 2020 collaboration with farmer groups and the City of Malang Public Works Water Resources Office. This activity is in partnership with the Sukoanyar Village Farmer Group, namely the Dewi Ratih I Farmer Group. According to the observation, he identified the problem Adalahn partners. In essence, the lack of some facilities in the tertiary irrigation network and absence management system is how to operate and maintain the tertiary canals. The solution offered is the repair facility on the channel. The repair is carried out infrastructure repairs of the irrigation network in the tertiary canal broke. The method of this activity is the community approach. The implementation stage is divided into three events, namely, planning, preparation, and execution of construction. At the end of the corresponding channel, activities resulted in the improvement of technical provisions so that the circuit can drain water into the fields correctly and impact on increasing yields. Keywords: Rehabilitation, irrigation, farming, tertiary ABSTRAKRehabilitasi saluran tersiar di Desa Sukoanyar bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa melalui pemberdayaan dan pembinaan petani. Pemberdayaan dan pembinaan petani dilakukan melalui perbaikan sarana jaringan irigasi guna peningkatan hasil panen dengan cara efisiensi kebutuhan air irigasi teknis dengan perbaikan saluran tersier. Kegiatan ini  dilakukan pada tahun 2020 bekerjasama dengan  kelompok tani dan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Sumber Daya Air Kabupaten Malang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada salah satu kelompok tani yang ada di desa Sukoanyar yaitu kelompok tani Dewi Ratih I. Berdasarkan pengamatan masalah mitra yang terindentifikasi pada survei antara lain: kurangnya beberapa sarana pada jaringan irigasi tersier dan kwarter yang vital,  belum adanya sistem manajemen terutama penentuan pola tanam, kelembagaan kelompok tani yang masih lemah. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah perbaikan fasilitas. Perbaikan-perbaikan tersebut adalah pada sub sistem pengadaan perbaikan sarana jaringan irigasi di saluran tersier yang sudah rusak. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan pada masyarakat. Tahap pelaksanaan dibagi menjadi 3 kegiatan yaitu perencanaan, persiapan dan pelaksanaan konstruksi. Pada akhir kegiatan dihasilkan saluran tersier yang telah diperbaiki sesuai dengan ketentuan teknis sehingga saluran dapat mengalirkan air ke sawah dengan baik yang berdampak pada peningkatan hasil panen. Kata kunci: Rehabilitasi, irigasi, tani, tersier

scholarly journals PREEMPTIVE PRIORITY SCHEDULING WITH AGING TECHNIQUE FOR EFFECTIVE DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN CLOUD

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
MAHITHA. O ◽  
SUMA. V
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Preemptive Scheduling ◽  
Preemptive Priority ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Infant Stage

Cloud computing has intern the attention of today’s leading IT industries offering huge potential for more flexible, readily scalable and cost effective IT operation. There is a significant anticipation for emergent innovation and expanded capabilities of a cloud-based environment as the cloud services are still in the infant stage. With all technology innovation, the biggest gain will be realized when the Cloud services are efficiently utilized. One of the prime contributions of Cloud is its capacity to handle a huge amount of data for either processing or storing. The inadequacy of this model is that it is prone to disaster. Some of the popular scheduling techniques applied by the researchers and leading IT industries are Round Robin, Preemptive scheduling etc. This research focuses on a novel approach for disaster management through efficient scheduling mechanism.This paper presents a Priority Preemptive scheduling (PPS) with aging of the low priority jobs in Cloud for disaster management. The implementation results show that the jobs at any instance of time are provided with the resources and henceforth preventing them to enter the starvation, which is one of the prime causes for disaster.

scholarly journals Waterlogging and Salinity in the Indus Plain: Rejoinder

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Northern Zone

Most of the points raised by the Panel members, Drs. Roger Revile, Harold Thomas and Robert Dorfman, have been answered in the comment by Dr. Frank M. Eaton. Dr. Nazir Ahmad has further elaborated some of the issues involved. The author will confine his remarks to two basic issues, namely, pumping of water for irrigation purposes in the non-saline high quality ground¬water areas in the Northern Zone of the Indus Plain and provision of horizontal sub-surface drainage facilities in areas where the groundwaters are saline and unfit for irrigation use. The author is happy to note that the Panel members acknowledge the significant contribution made by private tubewells to the productivity of agri¬culture in West Pakistan. The author agrees with the Panel members that private tubewells will be developed mainly in areas that have adequate supplies of high quality groundwater and not in areas where the groundwater is too saline to be applied to land without dilution with canal water. Ina previous article, the author proposed that horizontal sub-surface drain¬age facilities should be provided in the saline groundwater areas [5, pp.387-395]. The Panel members do not agree with this and propose instead deep tubewells for irrigation as well as for drainage purposes. They suggest that with the use of deep tubewells and canal water the salt be flushed out of the root zone and washed downward with recycled pumped water to be stored underground.

scholarly journals Impact of the Effluents of Hyderabad City, Tando Muhammad Khan, and Matli on Phuleli Canal Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5281-5287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mahessar ◽  
S. Qureshi ◽  
A. L. Qureshi ◽  
K. Ansari ◽  
G. H. Dars
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Impact

The demand and supply of safe water is a basic need. The consumption of clean water intensified with population growth and economic development which in turn cause degradation of available freshwater resources while creating huge volumes of wastewater, solid waste, and serious environmental problems. This paper presents the impact of disposing of domestic/industrial effluents into an irrigation canal. The subsequent contamination of the canal water becomes a public health risk. The non-perennial Phuleli canal with a discharge of 15,026 cusecs, takes in water from the left bank of Kotri Barrage, which is the last controlling hydraulic structure on the Indus River. This canal runs from the periphery of Hyderabad, Tando Muhammad Khan (TM Khan) and Matli cities and supplies water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. The canal water is the only source of drinking water for millions of people because the groundwater in the command area of the canal is highly saline. The banks on both sides of the canal have encroached in cities’ areas. The huge volume of solid waste and municipal and industrial wastewater from these cities and from the occupied canal banks are dumped directly into the canal without any treatment. The collected samples’ were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, Cl, SO4, HCO3, hardness, Na, K, Ca, and Mg. These results show higher than permissible limits as per NEQS and WHO. The Karl Pearson matrix correlation of parameters reveals strong relation among EC with TDS and CL with SO4, Mg with K and moderated relationship among the other parameters except for pH and DO. Water Quality Index (WQI) model indicates that the water quality of the canal is poor and unfit for drinking. Hence the consumption of canal water is a high potential health risk for locals.

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