‘Collection of Waqf Deeds’ as a Source for Studying the History of Waqf in the Khanate of Khiva in the 16th-20th Centuries

2018 ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Kakhramon K. Yakubov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Central State ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to preliminary analysis of the waqf documents from ‘Collection of waqf deeds’ stored in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan (fond I-323). Specifically, it examines the history of waqf in the Khanate of Khiva. The fond contains waqf deeds; their historic-geographical footprint covers wide areas of Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva, Kokand, Tashkent, and Balkh. The article provides information on the archival fond, its creation in the Soviet period, its internal structure and documents, scholars involved in the preparation of the catalogue. The author classifies the documents, studies external and internal features of the waqf deeds, carries out their historical source studies analysis. Waqfnama has legal force, it is considered a document reflecting procedure of donating property of a waqif (a person who establishes a waqf) and further spending of the income on that property it by a religious or educational institution for its needs or social services. From this point of view, waqf deeds are a valuable source for studying the history of religious foundations and educational institutions in the Khanate of Khiva. Naturally, these institutions had different activities and functions. Therefore, waqf documents registered theoretical and legal aspects of waqf, management of the waqf economy, organization of the activity of each institution. Results of a preliminary analysis suggest that mostly the Khiva documents in the first series of the I-323 fond are the following: 71 waqf deeds held by mosques, 22 – by madrasas, 12 – by cemeteries, and, finally, 5 – by qarikhanas (lodges for reciters of the Quran). Drawing attention to the historical significance of this type of documents, the article briefly described the activities of these institutions on the example of their waqf deeds. ‘Collection of waqf deeds’ is of particular importance for studying the waqf in Central Asia, and also for the auxiliary branches of history.

scholarly journals INSTITUTE OF EMISSARIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koigeldiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The 20-30 years of the XX-th century in the history of Kazakhstan are characterized by the formation of such a form of governance of the republic from the center as the institute of emissaries. This form of management remained unchanged until the end of the Soviet period. The system of administrative management has acquired a new character, consolidating the former imperial positions based on the search for sources of raw materials and sales markets. The history of the formation and activity of the Institute of emissaries as a management system in Kazakhstan was not considered as an object of historical analysis. For the first time in the Kazakh historiography in the context of the 20-30s, the author analyzes the origins of the formation of this institute of management. The article highlights the beginning of a new stage in the Kazakh history, which implies a generalization of the activities of the power system and its nature from the point of view of modern realities.

Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Lana К. Khubaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the Vladikavkaz city Nikolaev school, which was opened in 1874. Documents preserved in the fund of the Public Schools Directorate of the Central State Archive (CSA) of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania indicate that the school was a male educational institution and the name of the school was named after Nikolai Ugodnik. The school was originally a four-year school, later, in 1897, it was transformed into a six-year school. It was subordinate to the Ministry of Public Education and the Directorate of public schools in the Terek region. On November 3, 1895, the Society for Aid to the Poorest Students of the Vladikavkaz Nikolaev School was officially registered at the school. The fact of the creation of such a Society testifies to the fact that the school was not intended exclusively for children of privileged classes. The October Revolution made great changes in the educational system established by this period. Many schools have ceased to function. The same fate befell the Nikolaev School, but not immediately. The educational institution managed to prepare several generations of graduates who continued their education in higher educational institutions before and post-revolutionary Russia. The Nikolaev school entered the history of Vladikavkaz as a source of enlightenment, thanks to which dozens of young people who did not live not only in Vladikavkaz, but also those who entered here from remote areas of the region received education. The school existed until 1921, having survived two Russian revolutions and the period of the First World War.

А. A. ZIMIN’S LIBRARY IN THE CENTRAL STATE ARCHIVES OF THE MOSCOW REGION. ACQUISITION HISTORY AND AN OVERVIEW OF THE COMPONENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Lukyanova ◽  
◽  
Vladislav I. Glotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Central State ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives

The article briefly shows the formation history and provides an overview of the library of A.A. Zimin, who was the famous scientist, one of the largest experts in the history of Russia in the Middle Ages. The library has been received recently by the Central State Archives of the Moscow Region. The library has been collected by A.A. Zimin for several decades eventually reflecting a wide range of his scientific interests, as well as hobbies. It accumulates the works of many prominent Russian historians, contains a unique collection of Russian chronicles and other documentary publications, which are valuable sources for studying various aspects of the history of Russia. There is a large number of works devoted to the most famous monument of Russian literature – “The Word about Igor’s Regiment”, in the study of the origin of which A.A. Zimin has been engaged for a long time formulating his point of view on this problem. There are also many publications of a bibliographic nature, works on source studies, historical geography, faleristics, diplomatics, and other auxiliary historical disciplines. Among the books related to the scientist’s personal hobbies, there are many works on the history of domestic and foreign cinema. The inscriptions on the books and the ex-librises are of considerable interest. Upon completion of the archival processing of the received collection, the researchers, when they turn to it, will be able to find answers to many questions that interest them.

scholarly journals Борьба с эпидемиями в Казахстане в первой трети ХХ в.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684
Author(s):  
Gulzhaukhar K.  Kokebayeva ◽  
◽  
Sabit K. Shildebai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. Dangerous infectious diseases have always been part of human history. The pandemic associated with the spread of COVID-19 underscores the importance of studying experience of dealing with global epidemics. Research goals and objectives. This article attempts to analyze the problem of spread of infectious diseases in Kazakhstan and the history of dealing with epidemics. The history of combating epidemics in Soviet Kazakhstan covers a large spatial and temporal scale, so the chronological framework of the study is limited to the period up to the early 1930s. Materials and methods. Documents of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and published reports of the state institutions were used as the research sources. The narrative method selected as appropriate in approaching the issues of “real life” helped reconstruct the conditions that prompted the emergence and spread of epidemics in Kazakhstan, as well as examine the ways employed to combat them. The historical-genetic method was instrumental in shedding light on the essence and dynamics of the epidemic situation in Kazakhstan during the period in question, while the historical-comparative method was helpful in identifying the positive dynamics of the fight against infectious diseases in Soviet Kazakhstan. Results. The research was focused on the epidemic situations in Kazakhstan in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. This involved a study of the formation and development of the system of anti-epidemic protection in the Soviet period, as well as of the main methods of combating infectious diseases employed by Soviet and republican government agencies. Conclusion. The research shows the effectiveness of vaccination, medical and sanitary education of the population involved, as well as of other additional measures in eradicating particularly dangerous infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Some Legal Aspects of Abbreviated Trial in Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Naim Mëçalla
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Albania, as amended, came as an expression of the society's need for a more effective fight against criminality, a process that should go hand in hand with respect of the human rights and fundamental freedoms. This code, among other things, brought a new concept with regard to the possibility of applying special proceedings, as alternatives to the ordinary proceedings of investigation and judgment in the criminal cases. Thus, after nearly half a century, is reinstated in the Criminal Procedure Code, the special proceedings institute and for the first time in the history of the Albanian procedural law, an abbreviated trial, is foreseen as an alternative judgment. In this context, this paper gives an overview of the abbreviated trial, its legal meaning and the advantages it brings to the parties in particular and to the criminal process in general. The paper also contains a synthesized review of the abbreviated trial, under Albanian legislation and addresses some of the issues of judicial practice, as well as a brief presentation at a practical point of view of the abbreviated trialcases, answering some of the problems arising from the practice.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

The Second Spanish Republic in soviet and russian studies: specificity, problems, interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-368
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Second Spanish Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

For many years, representatives of Soviet and then Russian historical science paid special attention to the period of the Second Spanish Republic and, especially, to the events of 1936-1939. The Spanish Civil War was and remains a topic that attracts the attention of specialists and influences the development of a multifaceted Russian-Spanish cultural dialogue. There are significantly fewer works on the peaceful years of the Republic, which is typical not only for domestic science, but also for the historiography of this period as a whole. Four key periods can be distinguished in the formation of the national historiography of the Spanish Republic. The first is associated with the existence of the Republic itself and is distinguished by significant political engagement. The second opens after 1956 and combines the continuity with respect to the period of the 1930s. and, at the same time, striving for objectivity, developing methodology and expanding the source base. The third stage is associated with the period of the 1970s-1980s, the time of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the USSR and Spain, as well as the active interaction of historians of the two countries. The fourth stage, which lasted thirty years, was the time of the formation of the Russian historiography of the Second Republic, which sought to get rid of the ideological attitudes that left a significant imprint on the research of the Soviet period. This time is associated with the active archival work of researchers and the publication of sources, the expansion of topics, interdisciplinary approaches. Among the studies of the history of the Second Republic outside Spain, Russian historiography has a special place due to the specifics of Soviet-Spanish relations during the Civil War, and the archival funds in our country, and the traditions of Russian historical Spanish studies, and the preservation of republican memory.

scholarly journals Remarks on the History of the Navy of the Empire of Nicaea in the Light of the Chronicle of Georgios Akropolites

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Direct Answer

The Empire of Nicaea was a successor of the Byzantium shattered in 1204. In the newly established state marine traditions of Byzantines, remain alive. The best testimony to this, are the evidence contained in the chronicle of Georgios Akropolites, devoted to activities of the rulers of Nicaea, aimed to build their own naval forces. In this paper I'll also try to answer, where was beating the heart of the Nicean shipbuilding industry and how large was the navy of this state. This is important from point of view of the maritime history, because of the fleet of the Empire of Nicaea, filled the gap created after the fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, which was the local naval power in previous centuries. Akropolites give us a clear and direct answer to a question, where we should search for a center of Nicaean shipbuilding industry. Georgios Akropolites suggest us, that was in two towns, Holkos and Smyrna. The above-mentioned fleet consisted of the few squadrons, each counting 5-6 ships. We can only guess that a fleet of the John III, could count about 50 warships, whose quality was worse to that belonging to the Venetians. We must say that the fleet of the Empire of Nicaea, which we see in the chronicle of Akropolites, was the force, that lent itself to the support of ground forces. And in this role worked well. The situation was different when it comes to clashing with the Venetians, with the experienced crews of their ships, who surpassed Nicaean in this matter. Even with the advantage of numbers, Nicaean was unable to overcome at the sea, the citizens of the Republic of St. Mark. The plan to build their own naval forces, which was taken by the emperors of Nicaea, was a good direction.

scholarly journals Jews in the Post-Soviet Religious Space of Dagestan: Features and Problems in the National Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Olga B. Khalidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Central State ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Russian

There is ethnic revival in modern Russian society that makes us to comprehend the dynamics of ethno-confessional processes, including historical ones. After the collapse of state socialism and in the conditions of the unfolding dramatic process of transformations of the religious landscape, ethnic identification began serving to preserve the sociocultural specificity of an ethnic group. Based on this, one of the primary questions for us is the analysis of the influence of religious revival on the Jewish population of Dagestan and the identification of the totality of the features and problems of the Jewish population in the ethnoconfessional space of the national region. The so-called “Jewish issue”, which took place during the time of Imperial Russia, remained relevant for a sufficiently large Soviet period, and became topical in the post-Soviet period. The practical relevance of this issue is primarily associated with an increase in interethnic tension and xenophobia in modern Russian society. There is a problem of Jewish identification in the 1985–2000s in this article associated with the growth of migration processes among them. This process intensified after the adoption of the religious legislation of the 1990s. This study was conducted with using archival documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. Author concludes that, despite the upheavals in the political life of our country and the growth of migration activity among the Jews of the republic, there was a religious identification with Judaism as part of the culture. In the compartment of features and problems associated with the Jewish population in the post-Soviet space, the author also points out the role of clergy, their interaction with authorities in solving pressing social problems.

FEATURES OF THE INTERNAL POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF KYRGYZSTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Kanybek A. Kudayarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Kyrgyzstan, like other states of the post-Soviet space, has passed a challenging path in its development since gaining independence. Three de- cades of the republic’s existence in the new geopolitical conditions revealed the peculiarities of its political, socio-economic and cultural evolution, that distinguish the Kyrgyz Republic from the Central Asian neighbours and other republics of Commonwealth of Independent States. Supporting the concept of the history of the Kyrgyz people while preserving certain traditions of the Turkic nomadic civilization has become a fundamental part of the emerging national identity. Another important feature of building the political system in the Kyrgyz Republic is the attempt to create a Western-style democratic state based on its own experience of implementing “nomadic democracy”. The presence of constant zigzag jumps in the evolution of the political system of the republic (i.e., repeated transitions from the presidential form of government to the presidential-parliamentary form and back) can be traced throughout the existence of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. At the same time, it should be noted that the described processes are due to a special geographical location, which ini- tially affects the formation of the corresponding type of economic management. That in turn, affects the political development of the country.

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