scholarly journals Remarks on the History of the Navy of the Empire of Nicaea in the Light of the Chronicle of Georgios Akropolites

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Direct Answer

The Empire of Nicaea was a successor of the Byzantium shattered in 1204. In the newly established state marine traditions of Byzantines, remain alive. The best testimony to this, are the evidence contained in the chronicle of Georgios Akropolites, devoted to activities of the rulers of Nicaea, aimed to build their own naval forces. In this paper I'll also try to answer, where was beating the heart of the Nicean shipbuilding industry and how large was the navy of this state. This is important from point of view of the maritime history, because of the fleet of the Empire of Nicaea, filled the gap created after the fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, which was the local naval power in previous centuries. Akropolites give us a clear and direct answer to a question, where we should search for a center of Nicaean shipbuilding industry. Georgios Akropolites suggest us, that was in two towns, Holkos and Smyrna. The above-mentioned fleet consisted of the few squadrons, each counting 5-6 ships. We can only guess that a fleet of the John III, could count about 50 warships, whose quality was worse to that belonging to the Venetians. We must say that the fleet of the Empire of Nicaea, which we see in the chronicle of Akropolites, was the force, that lent itself to the support of ground forces. And in this role worked well. The situation was different when it comes to clashing with the Venetians, with the experienced crews of their ships, who surpassed Nicaean in this matter. Even with the advantage of numbers, Nicaean was unable to overcome at the sea, the citizens of the Republic of St. Mark. The plan to build their own naval forces, which was taken by the emperors of Nicaea, was a good direction.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

Imperial Maritime China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Schottenhammer
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Third ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
The Government

Imperial China has a long-standing, multifaceted, and interesting imperial maritime history. Of particular importance in this context are the commercial dimensions of China’s maritime contacts with the outside world. From approximately the 7th century until Yuan 元 times (1279–1367), China even developed as a commercial maritime power, although its maritime trade was, until the late 11th century, basically dominated by foreign merchants. During the Yuan and early Ming dynasties (1368–1644), China was also a naval power—the attempts of Qubilai Khan (r. 1260–1295) to subdue Japan are well known. But their maritime interests took the Mongols as far as Southeast and South Asia. The early Ming 明 period, under the third Ming Emperor, Yongle 永樂 (r. 1403–1424), is characterized by unforeseen political, military, and commercial maritime expansion. After 1435, following the instructions of the first Ming emperor, Hongwu 洪武 (r. 1368–1398), China officially retreated from the seas and prohibited all private maritime commerce, until internal socioeconomic and financial problems and the great demand of foreigners—after 1500 also including the Europeans—for Chinese products urged the government to “reopen” its borders for trade. The rulers of the last imperial dynasty, the Qing 清 (1644–1911), first concentrated on securing their maritime borders against competing commercial and political interests, then managed a flourishing trade, increasingly also with Europeans, but were finally confronted with the colonialist and imperialistic claims of the Europeans. After the Opium Wars (1839–1842), the maritime commerce and politics of China were more and more controlled by European powers, especially the British.

scholarly journals The history of the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Dance Culture ◽  
African Experience ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the article is to analyze trends in the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa. Research methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactorial, systematicity, complexity, development, and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical- analytical. Scientific Novelty. An attempt was made to research the topical issues of the history of the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa. Conclusions. The versatility of the choreoplastic language of ballroom dance leads to the fact that even in those regions where ballroom choreography was historically regarded as the art of outsiders (conquerors and colonizers), which contradicts local artistic and aesthetic traditions, ballroom dancing becomes a part of the local dance culture. In addition, it is the ballroom choreography that is the very integrative element that connects local cultures that are quite far from Western thinking with the global worldview system. International cooperation between amateur dancers and professionals is promising in terms of cultural interaction and exchange of experience in the field of choreographic art. In general, the analysis of the African experience allows us to conclude that after passing through the stage of a kind of "nationalization" and adaptation by local ethics and aesthetics, ballroom choreography organically merges into the system of organizing leisure time, scenic screen art, and sports. To date, from the point of view of the development of ballroom choreography for Africa, only the overcoming of economic difficulties remains relevant. In the context of government support, ballroom choreography functions as an important resource for recovery, education, socialization of the population; it is able to fit into the national system of education, leisure, culture, and sports in the vast majority of African countries. Keywords: ballroom choreography, ballroom dance, competition dance.  

scholarly journals INSTITUTE OF EMISSARIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koigeldiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The 20-30 years of the XX-th century in the history of Kazakhstan are characterized by the formation of such a form of governance of the republic from the center as the institute of emissaries. This form of management remained unchanged until the end of the Soviet period. The system of administrative management has acquired a new character, consolidating the former imperial positions based on the search for sources of raw materials and sales markets. The history of the formation and activity of the Institute of emissaries as a management system in Kazakhstan was not considered as an object of historical analysis. For the first time in the Kazakh historiography in the context of the 20-30s, the author analyzes the origins of the formation of this institute of management. The article highlights the beginning of a new stage in the Kazakh history, which implies a generalization of the activities of the power system and its nature from the point of view of modern realities.

STATUS OF RESEARCH AND HISTORY OF ORIGIN OF THE CONCEPT “COMPETENCE APPROACH”

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Zhamilyakan Toktomambetova ◽  
◽  
Turdumambet Barpybaev ◽  
Salidin Kaldybaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Republic

In recent years, a frequently discussed problem is the guideline of training on the educational result and the formation of students' competence. These factors form the prerequisite for improving the quality of education. Higher educational institutions of the republic pay special attention to the question of the formation of students' competence. In order to build students' competence, the educational process should be based on a competency- based approach. The article explores the issue of the formation and development of the problem of competence in education. The development of the problem is divided into three stages. The role and significance of the competency-based approach in training is revealed, the point of view of scientists on competence is analyzed.

History of formation of programs for musical education of the Republic of Moldova and integration of the bulgarian component in the system of general education – background and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Todorov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Music Education Programs ◽  
History Of Formation

This article attempts to reflect, from the point of view of national minorities, the history of the development of music education programs in the general education system of the Republic of Moldova. Emphasis is placed on the efforts of the Bulgarian diaspora of Moldova and the participation of the Republic of Bulgaria in preserving the culture, traditions and identity of the minority. The work reflects the thirty-year period of the program’s development; all its versions are briefly described in chronological order.

scholarly journals HARMONY, CICERO`S PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Ion Cordoneanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Governing Principle ◽  
Political Principle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Foundation Stone

Harmony is one of the concepts that permeate the history of human creation in varied fields: philosophy, arts, music, science, economics, politics, etc. It is a preoccupation of the Pythagorean, of Plato and Aristotle, and a governing principle theorised during the times of the Byzantine Empire. However, in Cicero’s political thinking, harmony is the foundation stone of the organisation and functioning of the republic as body politic, a political principle which reflects the principle of the entire universe. Somnium Scipionis (The Dream of Scipio), an allegory on the harmony of the universe, is the closing part of the treatise De re publica, by which Cicero, inspired by Plato and synthetizing stoic, epicurean and neoplatonic ideas, bestows his political testament upon world culture and advocates the cultivation of virtue.

scholarly journals Paintings of Kazan Artist Grigory Antonovich Medvedev in the Collection of the National Museum Named after Т.Е. Evseev of the Republic of Mari El

2014 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Elvira M. Kolcheva ◽  
Sergey K. Svechnikov
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Presents results of studies on the contribution of Kazan artist G.A. Medvedev to the emergence of painting in Mari region in the first third of the XX century. He appears as the artist of the art of Nouveau era and an epoch of formation of socialist realism. Two paintings «Rafting of timber along the Kokshaga» (1920s) and «Stepan Razin on the Volga» are of interest from the point of view of the history of development of Russian art in general.

scholarly journals About Macroseismic Displays of Yandary Earthquake, October 17, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Ю. Дмитриева ◽  
А.А. Саяпина ◽  
С.В. Горожанцев ◽  
С.С. Багаева
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reverse Fault ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
October 17 ◽  
The Village ◽  
Focal Zone

В рассматриваемой статье проведен анализ и представлены данные о землетрясении 17 октября 2018 г. в 15h55m по Гринвичу с интенсивностью сотрясений в эпицентре 5 баллов, произошедшего на окраине села Яндаре Республики Ингушетия. По инструментальным данным сетей сейсмических станций NOGSR, OBGSR, DAGSR получено следующее решение параметров землетрясения: 43,27N, 44,92E, h12 км, КР11,5. Приведены сведения по истории сейсмичности очаговой зоны исследуемого землетрясения за последние 150 лет. Очаг землетрясения приурочен к активному Сунженскому разлому. Рассмотрены форшоковая активность и немногочисленная серия афтершоков. Для землетрясения был рассчитан механизм очага по знакам первых вступлений продольных Pволн на 48 станциях, хорошо окружавших эпицентр и расположенных на расстояниях 0,3 50,5 км. Согласно полученному решению землетрясение возникло под действием преобладающих сжимающих напряжений. Тип подвижки в очаге соответствовал взбросу с правосторонним сдвигом по плоскости NP2 с юговосточным простиранием и левостороннему сдвигу с компонентами взброса по плоскости NP1 с субширотным простиранием. Для сбора макросейсмических данных сотрудниками СевероОсетинского филиала ФИЦ ЕГС РАН был осуществлен выезд в эпицентральную зону и близлежащие районы. Оценка интенсивности проводилась на основе шкалы ШСИ 17. Землетрясение с интенсивностью 5 баллов проявилось в населенных пунктах Яндаре, Троицкое, Карабулак. Колебания ощущались в Сунже, Барсуках и Плиево силой 4 балла, Назрани 34 балла. В населенных пунктах Магас, АлиЮрт, Средние Ачалуки ощутимость землетрясения составила 3 балла. В семи населенных пунктах колебания проявились интенсивностью в 2 балла. Во Владикавказе землетрясение ощущалось на верхних этажах многоэтажных зданий. Данные о проявлениях Яндарского землетрясения интересны с точки зрения анализа распределения интенсивности сотрясений, изучения сейсмичности региона в целом, а также связи с геологическим строением территории The article analyzes and presents the data on the earthquake on October 17 at 15h55m GMT, which occurred on the outskirts of the village of Yandare of the Republic of Ingushetia. Intensity of the shok equaled 5 in the epicenter. According to instrumental data of networks of seismic stations NOGSR, OBGSR, DAGSR the following solution of parameters of an earthquake is received: 43,27N, 44,92E, h12 km, KР11,5. The history of seismicity of the focal zone of the investigated earthquake for the last 150 years is studied. The earthquake is confined to the active Sunzha fault. The forshock activity and a few series of aftershocks are considered. For the earthquake, the mechanism of the focus was calculated according to the signs of the first arrivals of longitudinal Pwaves at 48 stations well surrounding the epicenter and located at distances 0,3 50,5 km. According to the received decision, the earthquake appeared under the influence of prevailing compression stresses, the type of movement the reverse fault. For collecting macroseismic data departure in an epicentralny zone and nearby areas was carried out. Evaluation of intensity was carried out on the basis of theSeismic intensity scale (SHSI17). The earthquake with an intensity of 5 points was manifested in the settlements of Yandare, Troitskoye, Karabulak. Fluctuations were felt in Sunzha, Barsuki and Plievo force 4 points, Nazran 34 points. In the settlements of Magas, AliYurt, Middle Achaluki, the sensitivity of the earthquake was 3 points. In seven settlements, the fluctuations showed an intensity of 2 points. In Vladikavkaz earthquake was felt on the upper floors of multistorey buildings. Data on the manifestations of the Yandaryearthquake are interesting from the point of view of the analysis of the distribution of the intensity of concussions, the study of the seismicity of the region as a whole, as well as the connection with the geological structure of the territory.

scholarly journals Historical Articles in the Lithuanian Periodical Press, 1904–1918: A Quantitative Approach

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titas Krutulys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The paper is focused on historical articles in the periodical press of 1904 to 1918 from a quantitative point of view. This period was significant because the year 1904 marks the beginning of the legitimate Lithuanian periodical press and also the period of Lithuanian political diversification, while 1918 starts the period of the Republic of Lithuania. History was an important part of the Lithuanian national movement and it helped to create the Lithuanian identity. On the other hand, the historical significance of historical articles in the Lithuanian periodical press is usually overrated or unclear. This study shows that during this period, historical articles make up only about 1.8 per cent of the whole list of topics of articles. Meanwhile, such themes as politics, economics, religion, and literature were much more popular. However, it also shows clear progress of Lithuanian historical articles from only 27 articles in 1904 to 358 articles in 1918. This progress was uneven and we can distinguish four quantitative upswings: in 1905, 1910, 1914, and 1918. Analysis of the most common topics in Lithuanian historical articles showed that the history of the Lithuanian countryside was the most popular. Thus, the history of places close to most of the Lithuanians living in the countryside was more common than the history of the Lithuanian cities. The most popular periods of Lithuanian history was the period from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries and the history of the nineteenth century. Among historical events, the most popular were the Battle of Žalgiris, the abolition of serfdom in 1861, and lifting the ban on the Lithuanian press in 1904. Foreign history was also quite popular in Lithuanian periodicals. The article also deals with the relation of different Lithuanian political ideologies to historical articles. While two right-wing political groups, Lithuanian nationalists and Lithuanian Christian Democrats, wrote widely on historical topics and especially liked the period of the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries and the nineteenth century in Lithuanian history, the Lithuanian left-wing or centre-left political parties, Lithuanian Social Democrats and Lithuanian Democrats, wrote about the past and overall history of Lithuania much less: they were mostly interested in the history of the nineteenth century and in foreign history.

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