scholarly journals “Tactics of the City Committee Prompt Uezd Communists to Shift Away from Left Social Revolutionaries”: Conflict in the Yaroslavl Gubernia Party Organization of the RCP (B) in the Context of Interaction between the Bolsheviks and the Left Social Revolutionaries in Summer 1918

2020 ◽  
pp. 1070-1082
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Kontsevoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Politics ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Revolutionary Party ◽  
June July ◽  
The Military

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the article studies activities of the Yaroslavl gubernia organization of the RCP (B) and its interactions with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries on various political issues in June–July 1918. During this period, numerous conflicts occurred between representatives of two Soviet parties, which was reflected in the policies of local Bolsheviks, among whom there sprung several groups with different views on cooperation with the Left Socialist Revolutionary party. Studying the conflict in the Yaroslavl party organization and identifying its causes and main participants has its novelty. Archival documents are being introduces into scientific use that shed light on the circumstances of this conflict in the context of socio-political situation of summer 1918. The author examines the attitude of local leaders of the RCP (B) to regional representatives of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and explores the relationship between the leadership of the Bolshevik Party and the Yaroslavl Bolsheviks on local politics issues. The analysis of archival documents suggests the existence of two opposing points of view on relations between the Bolsheviks and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries in the Yaroslavl party organization of the RCP (B), which caused controversy among Yaroslavl Bolsheviks. A significant role in strengthening of the controversy in the Yaroslavl party organization was played by the military commissar S. M. Nakhimson who succeeded in changing rules for electing delegates to the Congress of Soviets of the Yaroslavl province. The conflict in the Yaroslavl party organization was closely connected with activities of the Left Social Revolutionaries who had great influence in the gubernia. Some Yaroslavl Bolsheviks sought to continue cooperation and opposed strengthening confrontation. However, in early July, Nakhimson’s position prevailed among the members of the Yaroslavl organization of the RCP (B). Having studied the archival documents, the author concludes that it was the irreconcilable position of Nakhimson on Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries cooperation that caused the split of the provincial Congress of Soviets and the crisis of power, which the White Guard used to organize the Yaroslavl insurgency.

scholarly journals Ivanovo – city of labour valour: organisation of labour achievements of Ivanovo residents in the years of the Axis-USSR War (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
New Information ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of labour achievements of Ivanovo residents during the participation of the USSR in World War II. This was preceded by a whole list of legal, managerial, social and economic decisions taken at the level of the centre and the region. Their main components were measures to organise labour and strengthen labour discipline, which, along with others, were based on the maximum mobilisation of regional resources. They were adequate to the military situation and in general they were so successful that the enterprises of the city and the region were able to achieve uninterrupted production of military and civilian products, and their teams during the war showed mass labour heroism and dedication. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region and the Russian state archive of socio-political history, as well as local and central periodicals. It summarises new information on the subject of most archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation, which allows to expand the knowledge of researchers and the public about the contribution of residents of Ivanovo and the region in achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this study may be of interest to experts in the field of regional economy and the history of the World War II East Front.

THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
V. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orchestral Score ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.

scholarly journals Attitude to the New Economic Policy in the RCP (B) Party Organizations of the Vyatka Gubernia in 1921-1923: Archival Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of the Kirov Region and the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region, the article analyzes attitudes to the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the party organizations of the RCP (B) of the Vyatka guberina in 1921. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the author draws on archival documents to investigate the attitude of communists to the decision of the X Congress of the RCP (B) to replace surplus tax by tax in kind (prodnalog) and other measures for the development of the NEP in 1921. It turns out that party workers in position of responsibility and ordinary members of the party, as a rule, understood and perceived the NEP in their own way, reading into it the interests and needs of different social and professional groups. Moreover, there emerged some ideological differences due to different understanding of the political goals of the New Economic Policy. For the first time in local historiography, the author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown archival facts. The analysis of the archival material allows the author to conclude that the attitude to the NEP of party workers in position of responsibility and of rank-and-file members differed. If the “top” of the party discussed the ideological aspects of the NEP, the “bottom” members, as a rule, were interested in its practical orientation. There was no unanimous support for the NEP not just among the responsible party workers, but also among the rank-and-file members. The author comes to the conclusion that the lack of clear understanding of the nature of the New Economic Policy caused disagreements in the party ranks, which, in absence of the tradition of broad discussion of controversial issues, was fraught with danger of a split. The Military Communism ideology and low literacy (including political one) that prevailed in the party ranks did not promote good understanding of the new party course and its creative application under specific regional conditions. Critics and open opponents of the NEP faced “organizational conclusions.”

scholarly journals The Russian Assembly of the Nobility as a Communication Venue for the Upper Class and the Emperor (1780–1850s)

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Александр Куприянов ◽  
Aleksandr Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the historiography, the paper views the Russian (Moscow) Assembly of the Nobility as a communication venue for the upper class and the Emperor. Based upon archival documents, periodicals, letters, diaries and records of the contemporaries, the researcher focuses on the emerging reception practices by the public organization of the Emperor, as well as various ways of communication that arose between the monarch and his subjects at a ball. The spatial-hierarchical place of a person at a ball and at the festive table depended on his/her symbolic capital: rank, nobility, age, and personal acquaintance with the emperor and his family. The communication at a ball was secular by nature, and excluded any serious topics. The communication between the monarch and the nobility at a ball was of three types: dancing and body contact, verbal and visual. Imperial balls in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility aimed at strengthening the monarch's ties with the nobility and served as a crucial tool of publicly expressing the pro-monarchical feelings by the Moscow’s upper class. Therefore, the leaders and members of the assembly, who appreciated the symbolic value of these balls, spent huge amounts of money on their organization. The details of the monarch’s receptions in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility were published in newspapers. The research is based on a wide range of archival (Central State Archive of Moscow, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art) and published sources: chamber fourrier journals, memoirs, notes and letters, as well as periodicals (newspapers Severnaya Pchela, Severnaya Pochta, Moskovskie Vedomosti). Many of these materials are first introduced into the academic domain.

New Facts on the History of the Russian America (Based of the Russian Archival Documents)

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library

The refusal of Russia from its territory in Alaska is presented to this day as a goodwill gesture for the peace and consent with USA. The fragments of the documents stored in the archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, in the Russian State Historical Archive, in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, in the research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library, reveal the true reasons for the taken decisions. New facts for scientific use and previously unknown documents are introduced.

The documentation system of anti-Bolshevist government’s military departments during the Russian Civil War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Р. Париева
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Clerical Work ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена вопросам документирования деятельности органов военного управления антибольшевистских правительств и системе военной документации, сложившейся в период Гражданской войны в России. На основании изучения нормативных документов дореволюционной России, регламентировавших ведение письмоводства и делопроизводства в царской армии, и архивных документов, находящихся на хранении в Российском государственном военном архиве, автором сделаны выводы о попытке сохранения имперских традиций в этой области, точном соблюдении установленных правил составления и оформления служебных документов, относящихся к системе военной документации в Белой армии. Система военной документации в статье разделена на группы: организационные документы, распорядительные, служебная переписка, документы оперативного характера. Особое внимание уделено видам документов, их функциям, стилистике написания текстов документов. Приведены примеры различных видов документов, относящихся к системе военной документации и использовавшихся в период Гражданской войны в России. This article is devoted to the issues of documenting the operations of military authorities of anti-Bolshevik governments and the system of military documentation that developed during the Russian Civil War. The author studied pre-revolutionary Russian documents that regulated clerical work in the Tsar's army, and archival documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. Based on those documents, the author draws conclusions about attempts to preserve Imperial traditions in that area, as well as strict adherence to existing rules for drafting and formalising official documentation related to the White Army. The article divides the military documentation system into several groups: organisational documents, executive documents, official correspondence, operational documents. The author focuses on the types of documents, their functions and the language used. The article provides examples of different types of documents related to the military documentation system and used during the Russian Civil War.

scholarly journals Archival Documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History as a Source for Studying Economic Crime in the Days of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1064-1075
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Pass ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Potemkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Economic Crimes

The article determines the value and prospects of using historical sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) for disclosing problems of economic crime in 1941–45. Understanding modern dangers of corruption, illegal enrichment, and malfeasance requires studying the historical experience of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. It was a time to confront not only a strong external enemy, but also internal challenges, including, in particular, activation of criminal elements in the economic sphere. Despite an abundance of legal and historical publications devoted to economic crime and combating it, a whole layer of archival documents remains outside the field of research. The study has been carried out on the basis of institutional methodological approach using source heuristics, source analysis, historical-comparative method. The documents revealed in the RGASPI consist of previously unpublished materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU, regional and city party committees (obkoms and gorkoms), and political departments of various agencies, through which transportation and distribution of food and industrial goods was conducted, as well as fragments of national leaders’ personal funds. The analyzed documents reflect criminal acts characteristic of the war period: speculation, embezzlement, bribery, malfeasance of high-ranking officials. The aforementioned delicts are reflected in the minutes of meetings, reports, certificates, and directives describing in detail the most common types of economic crime and measures taken by the authorities to curb it. The study concludes that the identified documents possess a high degree of objectivity and confirm the thesis of numerical growth and expansion in range of economic crimes in the context of a social wartime crisis. As main strategy for combating the growth of economic crimes throughout the war, the national leadership used a tough punitive policy, but these measures did not give tangible results. The effectiveness of domestic policy measures aimed at ensuring protection of state and personal property of citizens decreased due to deterioration in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the judiciary and political pressure from the party leadership, as well as selective nature of Soviet justice and use of unnecessarily harsh punishments, while deviance resulted from need and hunger.

scholarly journals Ilyushin Il-2 in Archival and Architectural Manifestation of Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45

2021 ◽  
pp. 1245-1256
Author(s):  
Anna V. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
Ludmila M. Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
A Site

The article examines and compares archival documents from the Russian State Archive in Samara (RGA v g. Samara) and Monument to the Ilyushin Il-2 as components of the “site of commemoration,” which has become a part of historical and cultural code of the city. The example of perception of this national and local symbol of the war reveals features of and prospects for constructing historical memory; detailed written evidences, vivid visual images, large-scale architectural and urban planning solutions are used. The theoretical basis for the research is Maurice Halbwachs’ concept of “historical memory” and Pierre Nora’s “lieux de m?moire.” Russian and foreign scientists are developing these concepts within the frameworks of interdisciplinary “memory studies.” The important role in these studies belongs to historians. Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 became a backbone idea for our country. It gives meaning to the historical process in the 20th century, manifesting in numerous and various empirical data, events, and artifacts. The Ilyushin Il-2 became a significant “site of memory” in Samara for two reasons. Firstly, many documents on its creation are stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara and are available to researchers and constantly exhibited (on-line as well as real). Secondly, the Ilyushin Il-2 visually symbolizes Samara’s contribution to the Great Victory, as the aircraft, manufactured and restored here, became a center of the composition of the monument to military and labour glory of the citizens in the days of the Great Patriotic War. This monument was opened in 1973. Its last reconstruction was carried out in 2015–17 in order to preserve this unique historical relic. The aircraft-monument and written evidence on the history of its creation, destinies of inventors, production organizers, engineers, workers are situated not far from one other. The Constructor Ilyushin Square and the Memory Square, where the monument and the archive building stand, are connected by Moscow Avenue. It is not just a transport artery, but a pivot of historical memory uniting its documentary, material, and artistic incarnations into general cultural space, in which the Il-2 plays its important role as a "site of memory."

German Pogroms in Moscow in Summer 1915: Materials from the Central State Archive of Moscow

2018 ◽  
pp. 536-549
Author(s):  
Yury V. Aksyutin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Military History ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The article analyses documents from the Central State Archive of Moscow (TsGAMo) that concern the events of the summer of 1915 when, with police inaction, if not sufferance, the patriotic demonstrations erupted into riotous disturbances and pogroms of the premises of German and Austro-Hungarian citizens and even of Russian ones bearing German names. There were fatalities. The author notes fragmentarity of data that should have been preserved in Moscow state agencies, such as offices of the Mayor, the city police, and the State Duma. He ventures a guess on who and when had the documents concealed or destroyed. Countermeasures against mob outrages and ways of reinstalling orderliness of social life in Moscow were discussed in the State Duma. Several deputies gave speeches and there was a decision ‘to concede the need for immediate investigation.’ The minutes only lists the names of speakers, when there should have been verbatim records. On the meeting on June 2, 1915, the Mayor reported that 476 industrial and commercial premises and 217 lodgings had suffered pogroms. 113 German and Austro-Hungarian citizens had been injured, as well as 485 Russian citizens bearing foreign names and even 90 bearing unexceptionable Russian names. That is all data on the anti-German disturbances in Moscow on May 27-29, 1915 (which was an event of great importance), that have been preserved in the Central State Archive of Moscow. Probably, some information may be obtained in the Russian State Military History Archive (fonds of the Moscow military district staff and its court martials and those of the military censorship). The major array of sources should have been deposited in the papers of the Senate commission headed by N. S. Krasheninnikov. It was created on June 8, 1915 in order to investigate causes and initiators of the pogroms. The investigation resulted in discharge of High Commissioner Yusupov and in committal of City Governor Adrianov and Polizeimeister Sevenard for trial.

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