scholarly journals Ivanovo – city of labour valour: organisation of labour achievements of Ivanovo residents in the years of the Axis-USSR War (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
New Information ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of labour achievements of Ivanovo residents during the participation of the USSR in World War II. This was preceded by a whole list of legal, managerial, social and economic decisions taken at the level of the centre and the region. Their main components were measures to organise labour and strengthen labour discipline, which, along with others, were based on the maximum mobilisation of regional resources. They were adequate to the military situation and in general they were so successful that the enterprises of the city and the region were able to achieve uninterrupted production of military and civilian products, and their teams during the war showed mass labour heroism and dedication. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region and the Russian state archive of socio-political history, as well as local and central periodicals. It summarises new information on the subject of most archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation, which allows to expand the knowledge of researchers and the public about the contribution of residents of Ivanovo and the region in achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this study may be of interest to experts in the field of regional economy and the history of the World War II East Front.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS AT IVANOVO FURNITURE FACTORY (PLANT NO. 43) DURING WORLD WAR II

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Socialist Competition ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Furniture Factory

The article is devoted to the study of Ivanovo furniture factory, which during World War II operated under the provisional name «plant No. 43» of the People’s Commissariat of the forest industry. Fulfi lling the orders of the State Defence Committee of the USSR, it produced landing and sanitary aerial vehicles, special caps for 45 mm shells, cases for anti-tank mines and other special products for the active army. The article refl ects the problems of the development of these types of products by the combine, the organisation of production cooperation for the production of individual components and devices for aerial vehicles, as well as metal fi ttings for special closures and cases for anti-tank mines. Important attention is paid to the specifics of the search for solutions to resolve them, including through appeals to Joseph Stalin, the Chairman of the State Defence Committee. These actions were based on maximum mobilisation of local production resources and on the development of various forms of socialist competition. They were so successful that in August and September 1944, the factory’s labour team twice became the winner of the all-Union socialist competition among the enterprises of the forest industry with the award of the Red Banner of the GKO of the State Defence Committee. In the end, all this worked for the defence of the country and brought the defeat of the enemy closer. The article is based on the materials of the state archive of Ivanovo Region, the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the local periodical press. It summarises new information on the topic under study, most of the archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the fi rst time, which allows researchers and the public to expand their understanding of the contribution of residents of the region to achieving victory over Nazi Germany and its allies. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the fi eld of regional economy and the history of World War II.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
V. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orchestral Score ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.

scholarly journals World War II in modern interpretations of Russian and Polish politicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Boris Valentinovich Petelin ◽  
Vladilena Vadimovna Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
World War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

In the political circles of European countries attempts to reformat the history of World War II has been continuing. Poland is particularly active; there at the official level, as well as in the articles and in the speeches of politicians, political scientists and historians crude attacks against Russia for its commitment to objective assessments of the military past are allowed. Though, as the authors of this article mention, Russian politicians have not always been consistent in evaluation of Soviet-Polish relationships, hoping to reach a certain compromise. If there were any objections, they were mostly unconvincing. Obviously, as the article points, some statements and speeches are not without emotional colouring that is characteristic, when expressing mutual claims. However, the deliberate falsification of historical facts and evidence, from whatever side it occurs, does not meet the interests of the Polish and Russian peoples, in whose memory the heroes of the Red Army and the Polish Resistance have lived and will live. The authors point in the conclusions that it is hard to achieve mutual respect to key problems of World War II because of the overlay of the 18th – 19th centuries, connected with the “partitions of Poland”, the existence of the “Kingdom of Poland” as part of the Russian Empire, Soviet-Polish War of 1920. There can be only one way out, as many Russian and Polish scientists believe – to understand the complex twists and turns of Russo-Polish history, relying on the documents. Otherwise, the number of pseudoscientific, dishonest interpretations will grow.

scholarly journals The Problem of Moisture Content in Historical Buildings Based on a Classicist Tenement House at 14A, Śląska Street in Gubin

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Bartosz Michalak ◽  
Oliwia Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Tenement House ◽  
Moisture Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In

AbstractDiagnostics and mitigation of excessive moisture effects are some of the most frequent problems in historical buildings. In this article, an attempt was made to measure the moisture content of construction elements in the historical tenement house in Gubin. It is the largest town in the Krosno Poviat, in the area of the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The town suffered from military actions during World War II whereby approximately 90% of its urban development was destroyed. The tenement house at 14A, Śląska Street is one of the more well-preserved buildings, made in the classicist style with characteristic historical features. The whole history of the building is unknown but there are freemasonry symbols on the elevation, and probably the Military Police had its headquarters there after 1945.

scholarly journals Military-Technical Cooperation of the USSR and the CHSR in the 30s of the 20th Century (According to the Memoirs of Chief Designer of Artillery Weapons of the Kirov Plant I.A. Makhanov). Part 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Igor Tyumentsev ◽  
◽  
Alexander Kleitman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Chief Designer ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, who in the 1930s was the chief designer of artillery weapons at the Kirov plant, contain unique data on the development of the military-technical thought and the defense sector of the USSR industry in the pre-war period. The published fragment of memoirs, first introduced into scientific circulation, supplements and corrects the ideas formed in historiography about the militarytechnical cooperation of the USSR and Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Methods and materials. The preparation of the source text for publication is carried out taking into consideration the modern requirements of archaeography. The published fragment is provided with archaeographic notes which allow to reconstruct the history of creation and modification of the text by the author. The scientific commentary provides information about personalities, place names and specific terms mentioned in the text. Analysis. The author pointed out that despite the supply of the latest weapons from Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, Latin America, the share of purchases by the USSR was 50% and had broad prospects for increasing. The German occupation of 1938 suspended and then interrupted military-technical cooperation between the countries. Nevertheless, the Czech side fulfilled all obligations to the USSR. Result. As the published fragment of I.A. Makhanov proves, in the 1930s Czech specialists willingly acquainted the Soviet delegation with the latest developments in artillery systems. At the same time, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, none of these weapons were brought to a prototype. Plants “Skoda” and “Zbroevka” were engaged only in the production and modernization of old weapons. Thus, the data of I.A. Makhanova confirm the hypothesis of sabotage of work for Nazi Germany by Czech designers led by V. Gromadko.

scholarly journals Attitude to the New Economic Policy in the RCP (B) Party Organizations of the Vyatka Gubernia in 1921-1923: Archival Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of the Kirov Region and the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region, the article analyzes attitudes to the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the party organizations of the RCP (B) of the Vyatka guberina in 1921. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the author draws on archival documents to investigate the attitude of communists to the decision of the X Congress of the RCP (B) to replace surplus tax by tax in kind (prodnalog) and other measures for the development of the NEP in 1921. It turns out that party workers in position of responsibility and ordinary members of the party, as a rule, understood and perceived the NEP in their own way, reading into it the interests and needs of different social and professional groups. Moreover, there emerged some ideological differences due to different understanding of the political goals of the New Economic Policy. For the first time in local historiography, the author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown archival facts. The analysis of the archival material allows the author to conclude that the attitude to the NEP of party workers in position of responsibility and of rank-and-file members differed. If the “top” of the party discussed the ideological aspects of the NEP, the “bottom” members, as a rule, were interested in its practical orientation. There was no unanimous support for the NEP not just among the responsible party workers, but also among the rank-and-file members. The author comes to the conclusion that the lack of clear understanding of the nature of the New Economic Policy caused disagreements in the party ranks, which, in absence of the tradition of broad discussion of controversial issues, was fraught with danger of a split. The Military Communism ideology and low literacy (including political one) that prevailed in the party ranks did not promote good understanding of the new party course and its creative application under specific regional conditions. Critics and open opponents of the NEP faced “organizational conclusions.”

scholarly journals Military-Technical Cooperation of the USSR and the ChSR in the 30s of the 20th Century (According to the Memoirs of Chief Designer of Artillery Weapons of the Kirov Plant I.A. Makhanov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Igor Tyumentsev ◽  
◽  
Alexander Kleitman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Chief Designer ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, who in the 1930s was the chief designer of artillery weapons at the Kirov plant, contain unique data on the development of the military-technical thought and the defense sector of the USSR industry in the pre-war period. The published fragment of memoirs, first introduced into scientific circulation, supplements and corrects the ideas formed in historiography about the military-technical cooperation of the USSR and Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Methods and materials. The preparation of the source text for publication is carried out taking into consideration modern requirements of archaeography. The published fragment is provided with archaeographic notes which allow reconstructing the history of creation and modification of the text by the author. The scientific commentary provides information about personalities, place names and specific terms mentioned in the text. Analysis. The author pointed out that despite the supply of the latest weapons from Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, Latin America, the share of purchases by the USSR was 50% and had broad prospects for increasing. The German occupation of 1938 suspended and then interrupted military-technical cooperation between the countries. Nevertheless, the Czech side fulfilled all obligations to the USSR. Results. As the published fragment of I.A. Makhanov proves, in the 1930s Czech specialists willingly acquainted the Soviet delegation with the latest developments in artillery systems. At the same time, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, none of these weapons were brought to a prototype. “Skoda” and “Zbroevka” plants were engaged only in the production and modernization of old weapons. Thus, the data of I.A. Makhanov confirm the hypothesis of sabotage of work for Nazi Germany by Czech designers led by V. Gromadko.

New Facts on the History of the Russian America (Based of the Russian Archival Documents)

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library

The refusal of Russia from its territory in Alaska is presented to this day as a goodwill gesture for the peace and consent with USA. The fragments of the documents stored in the archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, in the Russian State Historical Archive, in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, in the research department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library, reveal the true reasons for the taken decisions. New facts for scientific use and previously unknown documents are introduced.

scholarly journals ESTONIANS IN THE SOVIET EVACUATION IN THE SOUTH URALS DURING WORLD WAR II

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-687
Author(s):  
Marina Nikolaevna Potemkina ◽  
Tatiana Grigoryevna Pashkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
South Urals ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Work

The mythologization of history and presence of unexplored aspects in the history of Estonia during the Second World War period prevent the establishing good-neighbourly relations and partnership between Russia and Estonia. Estonians’ life in the evacuation in the Urals is a ‘blank spot’ in the historiography. The article is based on the archival documents and sheds light on the situation of people evacuated from Estonia to the South Urals in the period 1941-1944. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the evacuees’ composition is provided. The difficulties of Estonians’ adaptation in the Soviet rear are elicited. It is concluded that Estonians had the same problems as all evacuees in the USSR. Besides, their situation was worsened by the linguistic barrier, the level of poverty in the Urals in comparison with Estonia, impossibility to lead traditional work, the ignorance of the Soviet laws, the abhorrence of the Soviet system among parts of the evacuees. The problems arising between the locals and Estonian evacuees were caused by the differences in everyday practices and historical and cultural traditions, and not the national or religious identity. The short-term stay of Estonians in the Urals could not lead to cultural or linguistic assimilation.

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