scholarly journals Attitude to the New Economic Policy in the RCP (B) Party Organizations of the Vyatka Gubernia in 1921-1923: Archival Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of the Kirov Region and the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region, the article analyzes attitudes to the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the party organizations of the RCP (B) of the Vyatka guberina in 1921. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that the author draws on archival documents to investigate the attitude of communists to the decision of the X Congress of the RCP (B) to replace surplus tax by tax in kind (prodnalog) and other measures for the development of the NEP in 1921. It turns out that party workers in position of responsibility and ordinary members of the party, as a rule, understood and perceived the NEP in their own way, reading into it the interests and needs of different social and professional groups. Moreover, there emerged some ideological differences due to different understanding of the political goals of the New Economic Policy. For the first time in local historiography, the author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown archival facts. The analysis of the archival material allows the author to conclude that the attitude to the NEP of party workers in position of responsibility and of rank-and-file members differed. If the “top” of the party discussed the ideological aspects of the NEP, the “bottom” members, as a rule, were interested in its practical orientation. There was no unanimous support for the NEP not just among the responsible party workers, but also among the rank-and-file members. The author comes to the conclusion that the lack of clear understanding of the nature of the New Economic Policy caused disagreements in the party ranks, which, in absence of the tradition of broad discussion of controversial issues, was fraught with danger of a split. The Military Communism ideology and low literacy (including political one) that prevailed in the party ranks did not promote good understanding of the new party course and its creative application under specific regional conditions. Critics and open opponents of the NEP faced “organizational conclusions.”

scholarly journals “Party Work Lapses”: Crisis Phenomena in the RCP (B) Organizations in the Vyatka Gubernia in Late 1918 - the First Half of 1919: From Archival Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Party Work

The article draws on archival materials of the State Archive of the Kirov Region and those of the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region to examine the development of uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) in the Vyatka gubernia in late 1918 and the first half of 1919. In late 1918 the Vyatka gubernia became the Civil War battleground. When Perm was taken, the White Guard began to threaten Vyatka. Meanwhile, the political situation in the gubernia was tense; peasants, townspeople, and workers had their grievances against the Bolshevik policies. The existing uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) were unprepared to work in the immediate battle area. Fearing for the fate of the Eastern front, the Central Committee of the party sent a commission to Vyatka headed by Stalin and Dzerzhinsky. It was to carry out a wide range of measures to reorganize party and Soviet work. The power was taken by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The novelty of the study is in the fact that archival materials are used to assess the circumstances of the ARCP (B) organizations. These circumstances can be defined as those of a permanent crisis; the party organizations were ill-adapted to the extraordinary conditions of the Civil War. The narrowing of the party’s social base caused, first of all, by food policies forced the gubernia committee to cleanse party organizations and staff them up with well trusted personnel. The author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown facts. The analysis of archival material allows to conclude that party work lapsed because party organizations seemed ineffective in the days of the anti-Soviet uprisings of summer and autumn of 1918 and while the Civil War raged. Conflicts, squabbles, intra-party struggles became an everyday occurrence. Party organizations constantly faced infiltration of persons with opposing views who sought to avoid mobilization or improve their financial situation.

The development of the movement for the communist labour at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant in days of the seven-year plan (1959-1965): the experience of microhistorical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Pashin ◽  
Natalia S. Vasikhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the study of the movement for communist labour at the Tyumen Shipbuilding Plant during the period of the seven-year plan (1959-1965). The authors seek to fill a historical narrative with the particular facts connected with the peculiarities and specifics of such phenomenon as the movement for communist labour. They consider it in the context of microhistory and as the most important element of production routine. The employees of the largest industrial enterprise of Soviet Tyumen — Shipbuilding Plant in concrete historical circumstances came under the spotlight of the authors. The submitted article is written with attraction of a wide range of archival documents, taken from the funds of the State Archive of the Tyumen Region and also funds of the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tyumen Region. Having studied the documents the authors come to conclusion that the movement for communist labour had little effect on the production progress of the plant employees.

THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
V. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orchestral Score ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.

scholarly journals ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS ON THE HISTORY OF THE VORONEZH FOREST MANAGEMENT (XIX - THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Elena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Information Richness ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provincial Administration

The article discusses the source base of the research on the history of forestry in the Voronezh province in the 19th - early 20th centuries. These are mainly archival materials stored in the State Archive of the Voronezh Region. A list of the main archival funds with a brief description of their contents is given. The analysis of the information richness of these materials and the possibility of their use in studying the history of forestry in the Voronezh province is given. The article also provides data on the history of state institutions engaged in forestry in the Voronezh province - the Voronezh chamber of state property, the provincial administration of state property, the provincial administration of agriculture and state property, the Forest Protection Committee. The characteristic of archival materials related to their history is given. The article also provides data on archival materials related to the activities of individual forestries of the Voronezh province, and their characteristics. A concrete example is given of how archival documents from central and local authorities provide conflicting information. Based on a review of the documents stored in the collections of the State Archive of the Voronezh Region, the author concludes about the richness and variety of archival materials on the history of forestry in the Voronezh province in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

scholarly journals THE CRIMINAL SITUATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE NEP

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Mykola Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Historical Methods

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the measures taken by the relevant Soviet authorities in the USSR during the period of the new economic policy (NEP) in order to eliminate the manifestations of organized crime. Objectives of the study: to determine the main causes of banditry and its manifestations in Soviet Ukraine in the NEP; to explore the ways and methods of struggle of the Soviet power against it. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific (logical, comparative), and special historical methods (problem-chronological). They allowed to determine this period, in which the problem of organized crime is studied specifically, in chronological and logical order. Comparative analysis was used to study individual phenomena of this process. The study is also based on the principles of scientificity, historicism and objectivity. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the manifestations of organized crime in Soviet Ukraine in 1921-1928 and ways to combat them was carried out. New archival documents on this issue and materials of periodicals of those years were put into scientific circulation. An attempt has been made to give an objective, unbiased assessment of these phenomena and the actions of the Soviet authorities in those years. Conclusions. The new economic policy of the Soviet state during the 1920's was implemented against the background of increasing manifestations of various social anomalies. The struggle against them took place in a difficult socio-economic situation in which the society found itself after the First World War. According to the analysis of the archival sources, the Soviet authorities attached great importance to these measures, and first of all to their termination. These problems were caused by various factors, but primarily by the destructive processes in society itself and the struggle of the Bolsheviks for the establishment of their power. This also applies to the events of the recent Civil War in the former Russian Empire and the state liberation struggle in Ukraine in 1917-1921. One of the main reasons for the growth of organized crime was a difficult economic situation caused by the effects of military communism. In the period under study, namely in the first half of the 1920's, the process of formation of the law enforcement system of the Soviet power took place. The main burden of responsibility for the state of the criminogenic situation in the country rested with the local police.

scholarly journals Innovations in Landlord Economy in the 1830–50s: Based on Materials from the Baryshnikovs Fond in the State Archive of the Smolensk Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 505-515
Author(s):  
Boris M. Romanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Identification ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Production ◽  
The One

The study of innovations in the landlord economy of pre-reform Russia is of particular relevance under the modern conditions while modernizing national production and searching for a breakthroughs in science and business. This study is of interdisciplinary nature, since, on the one hand, it touches upon historical issues related to the development of landlord economy in the 1830–50s; on the other hand, upon economic issues of production activities. The author uses documents of the richest personal provenance fond of the Baryshnikovs from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region, which includes over 15,000 items and covers almost two centuries in the history of this noble family. Along with documents originating from government agencies, Empress Catherine II, and the Senate, the fond contains records of service, descriptions and plans of the Baryshnikovs’ estates, land-surveying books, account books, bills of sale, landlords instructions to stewards, reports from bureaus of estates, information on crops and harvests, livestock and its productivity. Having analyzed archival documents, the author identifies innovations in the landowner economy of the Baryshnikovs, follows their implementation, and draws a number of conclusions: (1) in the last decades of the pre-reform era, the landlords tried to increase profitability of their estates by introducing more productive varieties of grain, grass sowing, new agricultural machinery, breeding livestock and its good maintenance, acquiring new equipment; (2) in introducing innovations, landowners relied more on luck than on calculations, risk identification and reduction; (3) the innovations had a significant impact on the development of landlord economy, but required significant financial investments, careful planning, and skilled workers. The study reveals one of the more important aspects of the daily economic life of the Russian provincial nobility on the eve of the Great Reforms of Alexander II.

scholarly journals Volunteering in Preservation of Material Patrimony in Soviet Russia: Pages of History: Materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Gorlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
First Time

The article draws on extensive sources discovered by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) to reconstruct the history of volunteering in preservation of material patrimony of Russia in the 1960–1980s under the auspices of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture and to investigate forms and methods of public conservation activities. The relevance of the problem is connected to the development of national volunteer movement in preservation of historical and cultural monuments, which coincided with a rise in the scholars’ interest to volunteering in general. The author has identified archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article reviews the composition of archival documents in the GARF fond, substantiates the possibility of integrated approach to studying of documentary materials on the history of volunteering in conservation and restoration. Documents differ in their content and quite adequately cover the multifaceted activities, forms and methods of work of voluntary activists. The first group is associated with organizational and administrative documents. The second group includes sources of reporting documentation. Office correspondence is the third group of sources. The information potential of various types of documents has been investigated. The value of these materials for studying organization and substantive aspects of voluntary public participation in the conservation activities (restoration and conservation work, identifying, photographing, assessing the condition and usage of historical and architectural monuments, patronage work, inspection, etc.) differs greatly. The author has revealed the names of participants in restoration volunteer groups and associations. The article takes on a special meaning in the context of development and replication of public activities in the field of preservation of material patrimony, while taking into account the historical experience.

The ‘March Bolsheviks’: The Emergence of the Uezd Organizations of the RCP (b) in the Vyatka Gubernia in the Spring – Autumn 1918: From Archival Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Party Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ruling Party

Drawing on archival materials from the State Archive of the Kirov Region and those from the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region, the article studies emergence and development of the uezd organizations of the RCP (b) in the Vyatka guberina in the spring – autumn 1918. By spring of 1918 the Soviets had set up their authority, and the Bolsheviks had wrung the majority therein from the Left Socialists-Revolutionaries. Up to the spring of 1918 there were no RCP (b) organizations in most uezd towns of the Vyatka gubernia, which may be explained by non-proletarian character of the population and by extreme weakness of the RCP (b) institutional arrangements in the gubernia. The novelty of this research hinges on the term the ‘March Bolsheviks’ used to explain the process of the party building. As it became a ruling one, left socialists, Baltic internationalists, and German prisoners-of-war turned internationalists swarmed to the party. The Bolshevik party overflowed with careerists, adventurers, and persons with a criminal past and present. There were shortages of food and goods, but party membership received food rations, and also a share in the confiscated food and property of the bourgeois. Many a party cell must have thus supplied and financed itself. Higher party bodies constantly had to purge the party organizations of those who ‘worm themselves’ into the party ranks and ‘latched onto the part teat,’ and also of persons with criminal record. The author is the first to introduce into scientific use these facts, which prior to 1991 could have never been published. Unfortunately, even after 1991, they remained uncollected, unanalyzed, and unpublished. Having analyzed the archival material, the author concludes that the gravitation of ideological backsliders towards the ruling party is attributable to the historical conditions. People had to obtain their needs, despite the ideology of the ruling party.

THE FIFTH PROLETARIAN MUSEUM. HISTORY OF CREATION AND ACTIVITIES OF THE MOSCOW ART MUSEUM IN THE 1920S

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
Nataliya B. Bezrukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Art Museums ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
New Form

The article highlights the history of the so-called proletarian museums that opened in Moscow’s working-class suburbs in the 1920s. The study of their activities seems relevant, since it opens up the opportunity for a deeper study of the history of art museums in Moscow in the 1920s. Special attention is given to the Fifth Proletarian museum, which was a part of the State Tretyakov Gallery. More archival documents have survived on this museum than on any other of the proletarian museums. After studying some unpublished documents in Russia’s major archives, the author has discovered some important, previously unknown facts about these museums. This article takes a close look at how the paperwork was handled at the museum, how the items were registered, accounted for and taken care of and how the collections were accumulated and organized. Also thoroughly described in the article is the history of the museum’s closure as the author analyzes why it was eventually shut down. Moscow’s proletarian museums went down in history as an original new form of art institutions targeting “uncultured” visitors. Unfortunately, these museums were short-lived as they fell victim to the lack of funding and shortage of trained staff during the New Economic Policy era (1921–1928).

scholarly journals Genealogy of Shevchenko’s mother Kateryna Boyko

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Halyna Karpinchuk
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

The article explores the genealogy of Shevchenko’s mother Kateryna Boyko based on archival materials of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv, the State Archive of Kyiv Region and the State Archive of Cherkasy Region. The author investigated this family tree starting from the end of the 18th century and until 1859, when Shevchenko visited Ukraine for the last time. In particular, the history of the poet’s family in connection with his grandfather Omelian Boyko was analyzed. The assumption that family line of Shevchenko’s mother originates from Carpathian rebel and contemporary of Oleksa Dovbush Ivan Boyko was rejected. Some details about the closest relatives of T. Shevchenko, namely his uncle Pavlo, aunts Dariya, Yevdokiya and Anna, have been clarified. Information about two unknown writer’s aunts Varvara and Motria has been found. The assertion that the mother’s family line lacked descendants was refuted. The surnames in marriage of the five Shevchenko’s aunts, having maiden surname Boyko, have been determined. They were Varvara Kryvenko, Motria Zavaliy, Dariya Diachenko, Yevdokiya Diadenko, Hanna Shkurup. By now we have information about forty nine poet’s cousins, seventy four nephews and three great-grandchildren of his aunts. The comprehensive analysis of the archival materials allows the researcher to deny the existence of Ahafiya Yakymivna Boyko, the alleged poet’s mother according to some media reports. The article also refers to the administrative structure, nature and geography of the village Moryntsi in the first half of the 19th century. The life of Ukrainian peasants is discribed based on the story “Kniahynia” (“Princess”) by T. Shevchenko as well as archival documents and research works by V. Hrabovetskyi, V. Orlyk, L. Pohylevych, O. Stepanyshyna.

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