scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEURONS OF THE ORBITAL CORTEX OF WHITE RAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ACUTE STRESS ON THE BACKGROUND OF LOW-PROTEIN FOOD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Sultanli
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Orbital Cortex ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics

scholarly journals The effects of changes in nutritional demand on gastrointestinal parasitism in lactating rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Normanton ◽  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Neil S. Jessop ◽  
Dave P. Knox ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

Lactating rats experience a breakdown of immunity to parasites, i.e. they carry larger worm burdens after re-infection compared to their non-lactating counterparts. Feeding high-protein foods to lactating rats results in reduced worm burdens. This could be attributed to changes in gastrointestinal environment or to overcoming effects of nutrient scarcity on host immunity. The latter hypothesis was addressed through a manipulation of nutrient demand by manipulating litter size. Twenty-three rats were immunized prior to mating and re-infected on day 2 of lactation with 1600 infective Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae. From parturition onwards, rats received ad libitum a low-protein food (100 g crude protein/kg). Litter sizes were standardised to nine (LS9), six (LS6) or three (LS3) pups, by day 2 of lactation. After a further 10 d, LS9 and LS6 rats carried more worms than LS3 rats. However, feeding treatments did not affect concentrations of mucosal inflammatory cells. Achieved feed intake did not differ consistently between the treatment groups. However, LS9 and LS6 rats lost weight, whilst LS3 rats gained weight during lactation. The results support the view that resistance to N. brasiliensis is sensitive to changes in nutrient demand, and the improved resistance to N. brasiliensis is likely due to effects of overcoming nutrient scarcity on host immunity.

scholarly journals High Protein Food with Similar Phosphorus Content as Lower Protein Foods Increases Levels of Uremic Toxins

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 683-683
Author(s):  
Eden Ephraim ◽  
Dennis Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding cats with reduced renal function a high protein food while maintaining phosphorus concentration across foods containing varying protein levels. Methods The study was conducted using 23 cats of 5–13 years of age with chronic kidney disease. After a 1 month washout period, cats were randomly assigned to one of the 6 groups of approximately 4 cats to receive 3 treatment foods, each for 111 days, in a sequence following the William's Latin Square design. The treatment foods contained on a dry matter basis, low (25.94%), medium (31.91%) or high (36.77%) protein and had similar other nutrient levels including Phosphorus. Average body weights were determined after each treatment period. Blood and urine samples were collected at the end of each treatment period to compare changes in levels of metabolites associated with progression of kidney disease. Results The consumption of the foods with different protein levels did not have an effect on body weight. Urine pH was significantly higher after cats were fed high protein food (P = 0.0003). Blood chemistry results showed that cats had significantly increased level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after the consumption of the high protein food compared with the low protein food (P = 0.005). Increased urea levels were also confirmed from results of plasma metabolomics. Levels of microbial uremic toxins such as 3-indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxyindole sulfate, 6-hydroxyindole sulfate and 3-hydroxyindoline-one sulfate were significantly elevated after cats were fed high protein compared to both medium and low protein foods (P < 0.05). The glycine conjugate of butyric acid (butyrylglycine) was significantly lower in the plasma of cats fed the high protein compared to low protein food (P = 0.004). Levels of betaine were lower after feeding high protein compared to low (P = 0.001) and medium protein (P = 0.046) foods. Furthermore, cats had the lowest level of gamma-tocopherol/beta-tocopherol with high protein food compared to medium and low protein foods (P < 0.001). Conclusions Feeding high protein food to cats with chronic kidney disease leads to higher concentrations of uremic toxins in the blood. Funding Sources The study was funded by Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, Kansas, USA.

Localization of mesenteric hyperemia during digestion in dogs

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Chou ◽  
CP Hsieh ◽  
YM Yu ◽  
P Kvietys ◽  
LC Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Jejunal Wall ◽  
Distribution Of Flow

For localization of the site of post-prandial mesenteric hyperemia, low-fat, low-protein food was placed in either the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum while blood flow was measured in the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), or jejunal vein of anesthetized dogs. Distribution of flow in the jejunal wall was also measured. After intragastric placement of food, celiac arterial flow increased within 5 min and remained elevated for 30-60 min; SMA flow increased within 30 min and stayed up for at least 3 h. Intra-duodenal infusion of digested food increased SMA flow but did not alter celiac flow or flow to an isolated jejunal segment. Placement of digested food into one jejunal segment increased flow to that segment did not affect flow was localized to the mucosal layer. These studies indicate that during digestion, blood flow increases in the mucosa of the intestine when exposed to chyme and is not changed in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. Postprandial mesenteric hyperemia induced by low-fat, low-protein food is a local phenomenon.

scholarly journals Comparison of Glycomacropeptide with Phenylalanine Free-Synthetic Amino Acids in Test Meals to PKU Patients: No Significant Differences in Biomarkers, Including Plasma Phe Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. Ahring ◽  
Allan M. Lund ◽  
Erik Jensen ◽  
Thomas G. Jensen ◽  
Karen Brøndum-Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Natural Peptide

Introduction. Management of phenylketonuria (PKU) is achieved through low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet, supplemented with low-protein food and mixture of free-synthetic (FS) amino acid (AA). Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) is a natural peptide released in whey during cheese-making and does not contain Phe. Lacprodan® CGMP-20 used in this study contained a small amount of Phe due to minor presence of other proteins/peptides.Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare absorption of CGMP-20 to FSAA with the aim of evaluating short-term effects on plasma AAs as well as biomarkers related to food intake.Methods. This study included 8 patients, who had four visits and tested four drink mixtures (DM1–4), consisting of CGMP, FSAA, or a combination. Plasma blood samples were collected at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes (min) after the meal. AA profiles and ghrelin were determined 6 times, while surrogate biomarkers were determined at baseline and 240 min. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for evaluation of taste and satiety.Results. The surrogate biomarker concentrations and VAS scores for satiety and taste were nonsignificant between the four DMs, and there were only few significant results for AA profiles (not Phe).Conclusion. CGMP and FSAA had the overall same nonsignificant short-term effect on biomarkers, including Phe. This combination of FSAA and CGMP is a suitable supplement for PKU patients.

scholarly journals The novel cannabinoid receptor GPR55 mediates anxiolytic-like effects in the medial orbital cortex of mice with acute stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-xin Shi ◽  
Liu-kun Yang ◽  
Wen-long Shi ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Shi-meng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Orbital Cortex

scholarly journals The effects of condensed tannins supplementation of foods with different protein content on parasitism, food intake and performance of sheep infected withTrichostrongylus colubriformis

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridoula Athanasiadou ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis ◽  
Frank Jackson ◽  
Robert L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

The aims of the present study were to investigate (1), the potential anthelmintic properties and (2), the nutritional consequences of commercially available condensed tannins on parasitised sheep fed,ad libitum, either a high- or a low-protein food. For this purpose, forty-eight previously parasite-naïve sheep (n12) were infected with 2000Trichostrongylus colubriformislarvae/d for a 67-d experimental period. Two experimental foods were made: a low (L), formulated to be inadequate in meeting the requirements of growing sheep for metabolisable protein (MP), and based on wheat, citrus pulp, and oatfeed; a high (H), expected to be above the requirements of growing sheep for MP, based on similar ingredients but supplemented with protected soyabean meal. Two additional foods were made by adding 60 gQuebracho(a condensed tannins (CT) extract)/kg fresh matter to foods L and H (foods LQ and HQ respectively). This level ofQuebrachosupplementation has been previously shown to reduce the level of parasitism in restrictedly fed, parasitised sheep. The experiment was divided into two periods: period 1 (P1, day 1–38) and period 2 (P2, day 39–67), each one associated with different phases of an intestinal parasitic infection. Six sheep from each group were slaughtered at the end of P1, and the remaining sheep were slaughtered at the end of P2(day 67). Although faecal egg counts (FEC; number of parasite eggs/g faeces) and total egg output were reduced in sheep offered the supplemented foods during P1(P<0·05), worm burdens on day 38 were unaltered. NeitherQuebrachosupplementation nor food protein content during P2affected FEC and worm burdens. Food intake and performance were higher in sheep offered food HQ compared with sheep offered food H (P<0·05); no differences were observed in sheep offered foods LQ and L throughout the experiment. The previously shown anthelmintic properties of CT were not observed followingad libitumintake of either low- or high-protein foods supplemented withQuebrachoextract. Higher levels of CT supplementation may be required to reduce parasitism and consequently improve the performance of parasitised sheep, when fedad libitum. Supplementation with CT conferred advantages on the performance of parasitised sheep on a high- but not on a low-protein food.

The response of weaner pigs to a choice of foods differing in protein content

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. V. Bradford ◽  
R. M. Gous
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

AbstractTwo experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that young growing pigs between 7 and 25 kg live weight are capable of selecting a diet which closely matches their changing requirement for amino acids, when offered a choke between two balanced foods differing only in their protein content. In the first experiment, three single-food treatments (8·6,11·7 and 17·4 g lysine per kg food) and one choice-feeding treatment (8·6 v. 17·4 g lysine per kg food), were used. In the second experiment, three foods of similar nutrient composition (approx. 14·7 g lysine per kg food) were formulated using different ingredients (fish meal, soya-bean oilcake meal and a combination of sunflower-, cottonseed- and groundnut-oilcake meals). These were fed either alone or as a choice with each other or with a low protein food (8·3 g lysine per kg food) to test whether palatability or anti-nutritional factors would override the selection based on protein alone. In both experiments, 10 pigs were housed per pen, with males and females being penned separately. One food bin with a central partition was supplied per pen, and an initial 6-day training period was used, in which pigs experienced each of the two foods on offer, separately, at daily intervals. All pigs were weighed weekly, as was the amount of food consumed in each pen. The conclusions reached were that growing pigs are able to differentiate successfully between two foods on the basis of their amino acid contents, and of changing the selected diet to match their changing requirement for dietary amino acids. However, one of the foods on offer appeared to contain either anti-nutritive factors or unpalatable components, and whereas the piglets performed as well on this as on the other foods of similar nutrient content when these foods were offered as the sole source of food, they actively selected against this food when it was offered as a choice, even if this meant their growing at a significantly slower rate than that of which they were capable.

scholarly journals Low-protein diet for chronic kidney disease in the Caserta Local Health Unit: the SaniARP Initiative

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Troncone ◽  
Enrica Menditto ◽  
Valentina Orlando ◽  
Daniela Valiante ◽  
Giuseppina Farina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Italian Regions

INTRODUCTION: In clinical practice, the interest in the use of low-protein food for patients suffering from chronic kidneydisease has increased. Currently, these products are not yet contemplated in the essential levels of assistance but the Italian regions deliver, low-protein food discretionally using their own funds. The Campania Region, in 2010, interrupted the distribution of these products. With the exception of Caserta which took up distribution again in 2013. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to describe an initiative put in place by Caserta which has decided to invest in prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A treatment plan for the distribution designed by a team of in-house nephrologists and data are recorded using Saniarp, a web-based platform. RESULTS: In the observation period patients with a prescription of low-protein food products were 869. The mean age was 61 years. The average cost patient / month for the nutritional treatment was 59 Euro. The average cost patient / month for any type of drug was 632 Euro. In particular, 48 Euro for EPO, 277 Euro for Chelate Agents, 16 Euro for antihypertensive therapy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The policy put in place by the LHU Caserta improved care of kidney patients. The results available to date are still incomplete and do not enable us to clearly assess the benefits both in clinical and economic terms which can be produced by a low-protein diet in kidney patients. In the perspective of third party payers to budget this expense it appears entirely sustainable especially in view of the fact that this dietary treatment might delay the onset of dialysis therapy and lead to lower comorbidity for the patient.

scholarly journals LOW-PROTEIN PASTA FOR CHILDREN PATIENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA

Food systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
S. T. Bykova ◽  
T. G. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Disease ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Children Nutrition ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Phenyl Alanine ◽  
Russian Research

There are provided data on the work carried out at All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products to create enriched low-protein pasta based on starch for nutrition the children sick with a phenilketonuria — a hereditary disease (group of fermentopatiya), the bound to violation of amino acids metabolism, mainly phenyl alanine. Optimization of children nutrition is the socially important direction of domestic policy of the Russian Federation since their health directly depends on the good balanced nutrition, especially it is important for the children having diseases of genetic character.To expand the range of the enriched low-protein food the functional ingredients are picked up, recipes and technology of receiving three types of pasta are developed such as: noodles, vermicelli, «spider line», their nutrition and power values are defined. It is shown that in the received products protein content doesn’t exceed permissible value (<1.0%), fat from 3.3 to 3.6%, ashes — to 0.14%, carbohydrates no more than 88.0% that conforms to requirements imposed to reduced-protein products of baby food.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document