scholarly journals Optimal Targeting Display for Navigated Pelvic Screw Insertions

10.29007/srn7 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Pandey ◽  
Pierre Guy ◽  
Kelly Lefaivre ◽  
Antony J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Iliosacral Screw ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Navigated Surgery ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Surgical navigation can be used for complex orthopaedic procedures, such as iliosacral screw fix- ations, to achieve accurate and efficient results [11]. Although there have been studies studying the impact of navigation systems on surgical outcomes [6, 3], we are not aware of any studies that have quantified the effect of how information regarding the surgical navigation scene is displayed to surgeons on conventional monitors. However, the display of information can have a measurable effect on both accuracy and time required to perform the navigated surgery, as the surgical scene can be presented in many different formats [9]. Optimizing surgical accuracy potentially helps improves patient safety by reducing screw malplacement [11], while optimiz- ing time efficiency reduces opportunity cost [1]. Therefore, we designed a study to determine the optimal visualizations for performing navigated pelvic screw insertions. The findings of this study can be used to more systematically design visualization components of a navigation system.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Navigation System Synthesis for Increased Flight Safety, Protection of Human Lives, and Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Džunda ◽  
Peter Dzurovčin ◽  
Ivan Koblen ◽  
Stanislav Szabo ◽  
Edina Jenčová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
The Impact

Accurate navigation systems allow us to optimize the trajectory of flying objects and thus solve environmental problems in aviation and their impact on public health. In this paper, we present one of the methods of assessment of accuracy and resistance to interference of distance-measuring equipment (DME). By using computer technology, the method enables us to determine the potential but also the real error measuring the distance of the flying object from DME. The credibility of the respective results of the solution on the task of DME optimal rangefinder synthesis depends on the accuracy of the previous data used, i.e., mathematical models of the respective flying objects flight dynamics, useful signals, and their parameters and interference. DME systems have an impact on air transport safety, and therefore the impact of interference on their operation must be investigated.

scholarly journals Surgical Navigation System for Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery Applying U-Net-Based Automatic Segmentation and Bendable Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5540
Author(s):  
Hwa-Seob Song ◽  
Hyun-Soo Yoon ◽  
Seongpung Lee ◽  
Chang-Ki Hong ◽  
Byung-Ju Yi
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Surgical Tools ◽  
Registration Errors ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Conventional navigation systems used in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery have limitations that may lead to organ damage, including long image registration time, absence of alarms when approaching vital organs and lack of 3-D model information. To resolve the problems of conventional navigation systems, this study proposes a U-Net-based, automatic segmentation algorithm for optical nerves and internal carotid arteries, by training patient computed tomography angiography images. The authors have also developed a bendable endoscope and surgical tool to eliminate blind regions that occur when using straight, rigid, conventional endoscopes and surgical tools during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. In this study, the effectiveness of a U-Net-based navigation system integrated with bendable surgical tools and a bendable endoscope has been demonstrated through phantom-based experiments. In order to measure the U-net performance, the Jaccard similarity, recall and precision were calculated. In addition, the fiducial and target registration errors of the navigation system and the accuracy of the alarm warning functions were measured in the phantom-based environment.

Evaluation of an Accessible, Real-Time, and Infrastructure-Free Indoor Navigation System by Users Who Are Blind in the Mall of America

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Giudice ◽  
William E. Whalen ◽  
Timothy H. Riehle ◽  
Shane M. Anderson ◽  
Stacy A. Doore
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Indoor Navigation System ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: This article describes an evaluation of MagNav, a speech-based, infrastructure-free indoor navigation system. The research was conducted in the Mall of America, the largest shopping mall in the United States, to empirically investigate the impact of memory load on route-guidance performance. Method: Twelve participants who are blind and 12 age-matched sighted controls participated in the study. Comparisons are made for route-guidance performance between use of updated, real-time route instructions (system-aided condition) and a system-unaided (memory-based condition) where the same instructions were only provided in advance of route travel. The sighted controls (who navigated under typical visual perception but used the system for route guidance) represent a best case comparison benchmark with the blind participants who used the system. Results: Results across all three test measures provide compelling behavioral evidence that blind navigators receiving real-time verbal information from the MagNav system performed route travel faster (navigation time), more accurately (fewer errors in reaching the destination), and more confidently (fewer requests for bystander assistance) compared to conditions where the same route information was only available to them in advance of travel. In addition, no statistically reliable differences were observed for any measure in the system-aided conditions between the blind and sighted participants. Posttest survey results corroborate the empirical findings, further supporting the efficacy of the MagNav system. Discussion: This research provides compelling quantitative and qualitative evidence showing the utility of an infrastructure-free, low-memory demand navigation system for supporting route guidance through complex indoor environments and supports the theory that functionally equivalent navigation performance is possible when access to real-time environmental information is available, irrespective of visual status. Implications for designers and practitioners: Findings provide insight for the importance of developers of accessible navigation systems to employ interfaces that minimize memory demands.

scholarly journals Synergetic Concept of Algorithms Autonomous Inertial Navigation Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Sergey Yakushin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Inertial Navigation Systems ◽  
System Errors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

Abstract Errors of INS output parameters lead to a positive feedback effect of errors and eventually to an even more dramatic increase in system errors. To reduce the impact of this problem on the error output parameters of INS, in this paper, we propose and study a new concept of constructing algorithms for autonomous INS, which is called as synergetic concept. In the paper the synergetic concept of inertial system’s algorithm is presented and investigated by implementing its into strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS).

scholarly journals To Drive or to Be Driven? The Impact of Autopilot, Navigation System, and Printed Maps on Driver’s Cognitive Workload and Spatial Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Iuliia Brishtel ◽  
Thomas Schmidt ◽  
Igor Vozniak ◽  
Jason Raphael Rambach ◽  
Bruno Mirbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
The Impact

The technical advances in navigation systems should enhance the driving experience, supporting drivers’ spatial decision making and learning in less familiar or unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, autonomous driving systems are expected to take over navigation and driving in the near future. Yet, previous studies pointed at a still unresolved gap between environmental exploration using topographical maps and technical navigation means. Less is known about the impact of the autonomous system on the driver’s spatial learning. The present study investigates the development of spatial knowledge and cognitive workload by comparing printed maps, navigation systems, and autopilot in an unfamiliar virtual environment. Learning of a new route with printed maps was associated with a higher cognitive demand compared to the navigation system and autopilot. In contrast, driving a route by memory resulted in an increased level of cognitive workload if the route had been previously learned with the navigation system or autopilot. Way-finding performance was found to be less prone to errors when learning a route from a printed map. The exploration of the environment with the autopilot was not found to provide any compelling advantages for landmark knowledge. Our findings suggest long-term disadvantages of self-driving vehicles for spatial memory representations.

Functional Dependency Network Analysis of Security of Navigation Satellite System

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1192-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Wang Xun Zhang ◽  
Qun Li
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Functional Dependency ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Dependency Network ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
The Impact

Satellite navigation systems are running in complex electromagnetic and space environment. There is few research studies the threat and protect ability of navigation system. Lacking of qualitative data makes it difficult to analyse the security of it. In this paper, we applied Functional Dependency Network Analysis (FDNA) to solve this problem. FDNA studies how the impact caused directly by attack spreads in the overall system through the dependencies between function nodes of system. Then we are able to assess the operability of the application of navigation system. This method avoid considerable statistic experiments. Make full use of principle data. Provide constructive decision making comments.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision of a Surgical Navigation System: Effect of Camera and Patient Tracker Position and Number of Active Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Gundle ◽  
Jedediah K. White ◽  
Ernest U. Conrad ◽  
Randal P. Ching
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Surgical Navigation System ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Rms Error ◽  
Surgical Navigation Systems

Introduction: Surgical navigation systems are increasingly used to aid resection and reconstruction of osseous malignancies. In the process of implementing image-based surgical navigation systems, there are numerous opportunities for error that may impact surgical outcome. This study aimed to examine modifiable sources of error in an idealized scenario, when using a bidirectional infrared surgical navigation system. Materials and Methods: Accuracy and precision were assessed using a computerized-numerical-controlled (CNC) machined grid with known distances between indentations while varying: 1) the distance from the grid to the navigation camera (range 150 to 247cm), 2) the distance from the grid to the patient tracker device (range 20 to 40cm), and 3) whether the minimum or maximum number of bidirectional infrared markers were actively functioning. For each scenario, distances between grid points were measured at 10-mm increments between 10 and 120mm, with twelve measurements made at each distance. The accuracy outcome was the root mean square (RMS) error between the navigation system distance and the actual grid distance. To assess precision, four indentations were recorded six times for each scenario while also varying the angle of the navigation system pointer. The outcome for precision testing was the standard deviation of the distance between each measured point to the mean three-dimensional coordinate of the six points for each cluster. Results: Univariate and multiple linear regression revealed that as the distance from the navigation camera to the grid increased, the RMS error increased (p<0.001). The RMS error also increased when not all infrared markers were actively tracking (p=0.03), and as the measured distance increased (p<0.001). In a multivariate model, these factors accounted for 58% of the overall variance in the RMS error. Standard deviations in repeated measures also increased when not all infrared markers were active (p<0.001), and as the distance between navigation camera and physical space increased (p=0.005). Location of the patient tracker did not affect accuracy (0.36) or precision (p=0.97) Conclusion: In our model laboratory test environment, the infrared bidirectional navigation system was more accurate and precise when the distance from the navigation camera to the physical (working) space was minimized and all bidirectional markers were active. These findings may require alterations in operating room setup and software changes to improve the performance of this system.

scholarly journals Skull Base Surgery Navigation System Based on Updating Preoperative Images Using Positional Information of Surgical Tools

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hayashi ◽  
Masazumi Fujii ◽  
Yasukazu Kajita ◽  
Toshihiko Wakabayashi ◽  
Kensaku Mori
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Surgical Tools ◽  
Bone Removal ◽  
Reference Images

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of surgical navigation which processes information interactively between the real and virtual spaces, namely, updating preoperative images using the positional information of surgical tools. Although the organs are deformed by operative procedures during surgery, surgical navigation systems usually do not change the reference images that are taken prior to surgery. It is useful to generate deformed reference images during surgery while it progresses. We develop a skull base surgery navigation system that updates the preoperative images during surgery. To estimate the resected regions, our proposed system utilizes the positional information of the surgical tools that can be tracked by a surgical navigation system. Our proposed system reflects the bone removal on preoperative images by changing the voxel values of the preoperative images using the positional information of the tracked tools. The updated reference images are generated by visualizing the updated preoperative images using a volume rendering method. We evaluated the proposed system on a skull phantom created from CT images by a 3D printer. The experimental results showed that the proposed system updated the reference images in real time based on the surgical tasks including bone removal process. The accuracy of our proposed method was about 1 mm. It is very useful for surgeons to drill into such complex bone structure as the skull base.

Utilisation of Robotic Navigation Systems in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Richard Schilling ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drugs ◽  
Rhythm Control ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Robotic Navigation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Catheter Navigation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. While rhythm control with antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) is a common strategy for managing patients with AF, catheter ablation may be a more efficacious and safer alternative to AADs for sinus rhythm control. Conventional catheter ablation has been associated with challenges during the arrhythmia mapping and ablation stages; however, the introduction of two remote catheter navigation systems (a robotic and a magnetic navigation system) may potentially overcome these challenges. Initial clinical experience with the robotic navigation system suggests that it offers similar procedural times, efficacy and safety to conventional manual ablation. Furthermore, it has been associated with reduced fluoroscopy exposure to the patient and the operator as well as a shorter fluoroscopy time compared with conventional catheter ablation. In the future, the remote navigation systems may become routinely used for complex catheter ablation procedures.

Image-Guided Spinal Surgery and Robotics in MIS: Where Are We Now?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Chiung Chyi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Image Guided

Use of pedicle screws is widespread in spinal surgery for degenerative, traumatic, and oncological diseases. The conventional technique is based on the recognition of anatomic landmarks, preparation and palpation of cortices of the pedicle under control of an intraoperative C-arm (iC-arm) fluoroscopy. With these conventional methods, the median pedicle screw accuracy ranges from 86.7% to 93.8%, even if perforation rates range from 21.1% to 39.8%.The development of novel intraoperative navigational techniques, commonly referred to as image-guided surgery (IGS), provide simultaneous and multiplanar views of spinal anatomy. IGS technology can increase the accuracy of spinal instrumentation procedures and improve patient safety. These systems, such as fluoroscopy-based image guidance ("virtual fluoroscopy") and computed tomography (CT)-based computer-guidance systems, have sensibly minimized risk of pedicle screw misplacement, with overall perforation rates ranging from between 14.3% and 9.3%, respectively."Virtual fluoroscopy" allows simultaneous two-dimensional (2D) guidance in multiple planes, but does not provide any axial images; quality of images is directly dependent on the resolution of the acquired fluoroscopic projections. Furthermore, computer-assisted surgical navigation systems decrease the reliance on intraoperative imaging, thus reducing the use of intraprocedure ionizing radiation. The major limitation of this technique is related to the variation of the position of the patient from the preoperative CT scan, usually obtained before surgery in a supine position, and the operative position (prone). The next technological evolution is the use of an intraoperative CT (iCT) scan, which would allow us to solve the position-dependent changes, granting a higher accuracy in the navigation system. 

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