The Difference of Menstural Pain Reduction between  Warm Compress and Back Massage

Menstrual pain can reduce activities. A preliminary study showed that 80% of the students of STIKES Aisyiyah Surakarta experienced the menstrual pain. A non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the menstrual pain can be done through the execution of warm compress and back massage. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of pain reduction between warm compress and back massage on menstrual pain among the students of STIKES Aisyiyah Surakarta. This was a quasy experimental research with the non-randomized control group pretest posttest design. Thirdty students STIKES Aisyiah became the research subject. The result of Paired T Test showed that the mean of warm compress= 2.400, with the p-value= 0.000 was greater than that of back massage= 1.267 with the p-value= 0.002.This indicated that there was a difference between the two methods as the warm compress was more effective than back massage on reducing menstrual pain. In time to come, midwifes should conduct counseling on menstrual pain with natural and safe warm compress.

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Pseudonormokalemia in Patients with Thrombocytosis.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v108.11.3964.3964 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 3964-3964

Author(s):

Amir S. Steinberg ◽

Raimonda Goldman ◽

Randy L. Levine ◽

Georgia Panagopoulos ◽

Marvin C. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Interim Analysis ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Introduction: Pseudohyperkalemia represents an artificial elevation in serum potassium concentration. It is well described that patients with thrombocytosis may have elevated serum but normal plasma potassium. The difference between serum and plasma potassium is felt to be due to potassium release from platelets during clotting. We propose to prove that a similar mechanism will lead to a "pseudonormokalemia," where serum potassium appears to be in the normal range (3.5–5.0 MEq/L) despite below-normal levels in the plasma(<3.5 MEq/L). Method: This is an interim analysis of a prospective, IRB-approved planned comparison of 146 patients. We compared 36 thrombocytosis patients (platelets>500,000/uL) to 36 control patients (platelets<500,000/uL). Patients were identified from a list of lab results generated by a computer search and serum and plasma potassium and CBC were then drawn concomitantly. The two groups were compared using either the t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test depending on the distribution of the variables. A p <.05 was considered a priori to indicate statistical significance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution or age between the two groups. The average platelet count was 643,190/uL in the thrombocytosis group (SD 134,426 uL) and 280,220/uL (SD 106,217 uL) in the control group with a p value <0.001. While the serum potassium was noted to be significantly different between the two groups, the plasma potassium was not (see table). This was reflected in the difference between the serum and plasma potassium in the two groups. The thrombocytosis group was noted to have a difference between serum and plasma potassium of .52 MEq/L (SD .32 MEq/L) while the control group had a difference of .18 MEq/L (SD .23 MEq/L). The thrombocytosis group had 14 cases in which the difference between serum and plasma potassium was over 0.5 MEq/L whereas the control group had none. Conclusion: In this study, patients with thrombocytosis had higher mean serum potassium levels than the control group but similar mean plasma potassium levels. The mean difference between serum and plasma potassium (Delta) exceeded 0.5 MEq/L in the thrombocytosis arm and there was a statistically significant difference in the Delta values between the two groups. The mean platelet volume (MPV) of the thrombocytosis group was smaller than that of the control group. This indicates that the elevation in serum potassium in the thrombocytosis group cannot be attributed to the actual size of the platelets but rather to the number of platelets involved. Patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium may actually be hypokalemic as this study demonstrates. As we continue to evaluate patients, we believe this difference will become more demonstratable. On interim analysis, our study suggests that in patients with thrombocytosis and normal serum potassium, plasma potassium should be considered along with routine labs. Group Comparison Values (N=36) Thrombocytosis Group-Platelets>500,000/uL Control Group-Platelets<500,000/uL p value Age 60.33 yrs 57.53 yrs p =.50 Serum K+ 4.43 MEq/L 4.15 MEq/L <.001 Plasma K+ 3.91 MEq/L 3.97 MEq/L p =.54 Mean Delta between Serum and Plasma K+ .52 MEq/L (SD .32) .18 MEq/L (SD .23) <0.001 Platelet Count 643.19 X103/uL 280.22X103/uL <0.001 MPV 7.27 fl 8.24 fl <0.001 WBC 12.05 mm3 9.98 mm3 p =.16

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Effect of the Use Lethal Ovitrap to Population Aedes sp

Medical Science & Healthcare Practice ◽

10.22158/mshp.v1n1p20 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Tri Ramadhani ◽

Bondan Fajar Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Population Control ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Dengue vector control has been done in various ways, however, has not been able to obtain optimal results. Ovirap use to determine the presence of Aedes sp in a region is often done, but the application of lethal ovitrap for population control Aedes sp still rarely done. This study was aimed to assess the effect of LO applications on populations of Aedes sp. This research includes quasi experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group without randomization. Research sites in dengue in endemic areas in Banyumas district, with a total sample of 100 homes in each treatment and control areas. Insecticides used on ovistrip is cypermethrin at a dose of 12.5 mg ai/strip. Populations of Aedes sp measured each week for three weeks prior to the intervention and twelve weeks during the intervention. The mean density of Aedes sp compared before and after intervention and between treatment and control areas. The study showed the difference of mosquito densities before and after the intervention in the experimental group was 0,07 ( p-value 0.044), whereas the control group was 0.037 (p-value 0.341). LO use with the addition of insecticide active ingredient cypermetrin on ovistrip impact on the decline density of Aedes sp.

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Airway Clearance in Bronchiectasis: A Randomized Control Trial of N-Acetylcysteine with 3% hypertonic saline

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Atiq Ul Mannan ◽

Masood Alam ◽

Abdul Rauf ◽

Muhammad Imran Sharif

Keyword(s):

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Airway Clearance ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: N-Acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline are being used effectively for sputum clearance in chronic cases of bronchiectasis for quite some time. However, their use in acute condition of the disease seems to be underexplored. The objective of our study is to compare the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline in clearing the airway in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Material and Methods: A total of 136 confirmed cases of bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. This randomized controlled trial was done in chest ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2015 to March 2017. Sampling was done by non-probability consecutive sampling and patients were divided into two groups A and B by lottery method. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants. Group A participants received nebulization of N acetylcysteine mixed in normal saline for ten minutes, while group B participants were nebulized with 10ml of 3% hypertonic saline for ten minutes. Group B was active control group in the study. Data was collected on pre-designed Proforma, and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Numerical variables such as saturation, weight of sputum, age and blood pressure was analyzed by using t test. These were considered significant if the p value was equal or less than 0 .05. For qualitative variables chi square test was applied. Results: The mean O2 saturation of Group A, before and after treatment, was 92.11±3.07% and 94.47±2.18%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The sputum weight of Group A, before and after treatment, was 2.63±2.39 g and 7.41±1.38 g, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The frequency of rhonchi of Group A, before and after treatment, was 52% and 76%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.003). While, for Group B, the mean O2 saturation, before and after treatment, was 92.36±3.13% and 93.49±2.27%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.012). The sputum weight, before and after treatment, was 3.11±2.01 g and 5.56±1.02 g, respectively. The frequency of rhonchi, before and after treatment, was 45% and 74% respectively. Again, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Both nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline cause airway clearance by enhancing sputum expectoration in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis equally. Both these agents also improve oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis significantly.

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Perbandingan Metode Brainstorming dan Metode Buzz Group dalam Pemberian KIE Kesehatan Reproduksi di Posyandu Remaja Puskesmas Aur Duri Kota Jambi

Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi ◽

10.36565/jab.v10i1.295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Ruwayda Ruwayda ◽

Netti Herawati

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Group Method ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Brainstorming method and the Buzz Group method in providing IEC for reproductive health at the AurDuri Youth Health Center Posyandu in Jambi City in 2019. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a pretest and posttest design with control group design. The population is all adolescents who visit the posyandu as many as 60 people. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique of 30 treatment groups given the Brainstorming method and 30 people received the Buzz Group method. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out univariately to determine the frequency distribution, then bivariate analysis using the dependent t-test to see differences in knowledge before and after giving the brainstorming method and the Buzz Group method. The results showed that there was a difference in the mean increase in respondents' knowledge before and after using the brainstorming method with a mean difference of 1.233 and the difference in knowledge before and after using the buzz group method, namely 3.133. While the results of the analysis of differences in knowledge using the brainstorming method and the buzz group with a p value of 0.000, the difference in the mean value of 2.689 means that the buzz group method is more effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about reproductive health than the brainstorming method. It is suggested that the puskesmas should provide guidance to youth posyandu using a variety of varied methods such as buzz groups in providing IEC for reproductive health

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The Effects of Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Learning Style as Technique in Improving Students’ Writing Ability

ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching ◽

10.26858/eltww.v2i2.1688 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Litta Lista ◽

Haryanto Atmowardoyo ◽

Kisman Salija

Keyword(s):

Learning Style ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Writing Ability ◽

English Writing ◽

Writing Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Experimental Group

The objectives of this research were to investigate whether VAK learning style as a technique has significant effects in improving students’ writing ability and the students’ interest in VAK learning style as a technique in studying English writing. This research employed quasi experimental design. The population of this research was the eleventh grade students of Science Program SMA Negeri 1 Bontomarannu in academic year 2014/2015. This research used cluster random sampling. The sample consisted of 60 students that belonged to two groups: 30 students in the experimental andcontrol group. The data was collected by using writing test and questionnaire.The findings showed that there was an improvement on the students’ writing ability after the treatment. The students’ result of posttest of experimental group was more significantly improved than the students’ result of posttest of control group by the mean score 73.2 > 58.1. The difference of both scores was statistically significant based on the t-test value at significant level0.05 inwhich the P-value is lower than the significant level (0.0001 < 0.05). The mean score of the students’ interest in the experimental group was 91.63 and it was categorized as strongly interested. Key words: VAK Learning Style, Writing, Learning Style

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Platelet Dense Granule Deficiency is Associated with Menorrhagia.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v114.22.1327.1327 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 114 (22) ◽

pp. 1327-1327

Author(s):

Josh Sham ◽

William T. Gunning ◽

Laura Braggins ◽

Ronald L. Sham ◽

Peter Kouides

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

Dense Granule ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Abstract 1327 Poster Board I-349 Outpatient evaluation of hemostasis for women with menorrhagia and/or other bleeding symptoms can be unrevealing. A candidate etiology in some of these patients may be platelet (PL) dense granule (DG) deficiency, a heterogeneous bleeding diathesis characterized by variable abnormalities in platelet aggregation and decreased DG number and/or decreased DG volume by electron microscopy (EM) and image analysis. Objective To determine the correlation between menorrhagia and the number and volume of platelet DGs in a cohort of women participating in a multi-center menorrhagia treatment study (British J Haem 145(2):212-220, 2009). Patients and Methods The diagnosis of menorrhagia was determined using a semi-objective pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) necessitating a score of >100. The menorrhagia patients were compared to control subjects, evaluated as paired subjects on the same day. A total of 29 pairs were studied. Patients were eligible only if gynecological exam was normal. All patients were tested for other underlying hemostatic defects. Hemostatic disorders included: a platelet function disorder in 7/29 (24%), a coagulation factor deficiency 2/29 (7%) and von Willebrand disease 1/29 (3%). Results The mean age of the menorrhagia group was 35 ± 6.07 years. These patients had an average PBAC score of 454 ± 302.6 Patients were found to have a mean of 2.910 ± 1.207 DG/PL compared to 4.617 ± 1.13 DG/PL for the control group (p-value <0.001 by t test). The mean difference between the two groups was found to be 1.707, and the 95% confidence interval on the difference was found to be [1.096, 2.318]. DG volume was also determined using image analysis. The mean volume for the menorrhagia group was found to be 5.93 ± 3.68 × 106 fL. The mean volume for the control group was 10.04 ± 3.31 × 106 fL (p-value <0.001 by t test). The difference between the two values was found to be 4.11 with a 95% confidence interval on the difference of [2.266, 5.947]. Conclusions Patients with menorrhagia with and without other hemostatic defects, had fewer platelet DGs than the control group. In addition, the aggregate DG volume/PL was significantly reduced in menorrhagia patients compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the menorrhagia experienced by some women is associated with platelet DG deficiency. Further study is needed in determining the significance of these findings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Quantitative Determination of Serum Level of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Patients in Basrah, Iraq

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 2255-2260

Author(s):

Rasha Adnan Mustafa ◽

Hanadi Abdulqader Jasim ◽

Sadeq Khalaf Ali Al-Salait

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Serum Level ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Immune Evasion Mechanism ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is one of most frequent malignancy detected in children, accounting for three quarters of all leukemia occurrences in children. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) have been shown to be expressed or up regulated in tumors (solid) and tumor cell lines, but their expression level or role in the etiology and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is not studied widely. This study intended to explore the association of serum level of TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A case control study was conducted on patients (pediatric) with ALL who have been admitted to Basrah Children Specialty Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Three ml of serum samples were collected for the measurement of TLRs concentration by using Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The mean level of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in patients were higher than the control group. However, the difference was statistically significant for TLR4 and TLR7 (P-value less than 0.005) but not for TLR9. The mean value of TLRs are higher in the newly diagnosed group than the relapse. The higher serum concentration of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in patients, whether new or in relapse, compared to control group might be part of the immune-evasion mechanism developed by the malignant cells that plays a serious role in leukomogenicity and disease advancement.

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The Effectiveness of English Teaching Module at Middle Schools in West Aceh

Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun ◽

10.26811/peuradeun.v5i3.150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

Erizar Erizar ◽

Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi

Keyword(s):

Middle Schools ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

English Teaching ◽

Teaching Module ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Bright Students ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of English Teaching Module at middle schools in West Aceh. The students of middle school studying in Government public school were the population of study. The control group, as well as the experimental group, was of equal size, each has 30 students of 8th class. The significance of the difference between the scores of groups at 0.05 levels was tested by applying t-test. The result of the study showed the difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control group was found to be highly significant. The p- value was found 0. 000 (P< 0.05). The study also proved that the material designed, which was useful for slow as well as of bright students, enabled the students to comprehend difficult concepts, and kept them on the track.

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Relaksasi Benson Untuk Durasi Tidur Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v3i3.2788 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Mulyanti Roberto Muliantino ◽

Tuti Herawati ◽

Masfuri Masfuri

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Report ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Coronary Arterial Disease

Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD) is one of cardiovaskular disease that remain leading cause death and disability. Short sleep duration is the major symptoms in patients with CAD, during recovery period after cardiac events and during cardiac rehabilitation. Benson’s relaxation is one of relaxation as modalities therapy to increase sleep duration, however few studies related to this technique in planned intervention. This study was to measured the effectiveness of Benson’s relaxation in short sleep duration of CAD patients during cardiac rehabilitation. It was a quasi experimental pretest posttest control group design. This study included 29 respondens in Dr.M.Djamil Hospital were assigned to intervention group which receiving Benson’s relaxation technique (n=15) and control group with routine care (n=14). Benson’s relaxation technique was administered for 5 days 2 times a day, each 20 minutes to intervention group. Short sleep duration was measured using sleep diary (self report). The result indicated significant increasing in mean of sleep duration before and after Benson’s relaxation in intervention group (p value < 0,001). The study concluded that Benson’s relaxation technique is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to increase sleep duration in CAD patients. Penyakit jantung koroner menjadi masalah kardiovaskular yang mengakibatkan angka mortalitas yang tinggi. Durasi tidur pendek termasuk salah satu keluhan utama pasien penyakit jantung koroner pada masa recovery setelah serangan dan menjalani rehabilitasi fase 2. Relaksasi Benson merupakan teknik relaksasi sebagai terapi modalitas untuk mengurangi keluhan durasi tidur pendek, namum belum banyak penelitian terkait intervensi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh relaksasi Benson terhadap durasi tidur pasien penyakit jantung koroner yang menjalani rehabilitasi fase 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi Eksperimen dengan pendekatan control group pretest posttest design pada 29 responden di RSUP. Dr.M.Djamil Padang yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok (kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan rerata durasi tidur yang signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi relaksasi Benson pada kelompok intervensi (p value < 0,001). Simpulan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi salah satu terapi modalitas bagi perawat untuk mengatasi masalah durasi tidur pendek pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner.

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Wideband Absorbance in Ears with Retraction Pockets and Cholesteatomas: A Preliminary Study

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1719130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sreedevi Aithal ◽

Venkatesh Aithal ◽

Joseph Kei ◽

Shane Anderson

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Peak Pressure ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Ambient Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Retraction Pockets ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Difference

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to describe wideband absorbance (WBA) findings in patients with cholesteatomas and retraction pockets (RPs). Design In this prospective study, tympanometry, audiometry, and wideband tympanometry (WBT) were performed on 27 ears with an RP (eight with epitympanic RP and 19 ears with mesotympanic RP), 39 ears with a cholesteatoma (23 ears with epitympanic and 16 ears with mesotympanic cholesteatomas [MCs]), and 49 healthy ears serving as controls. Results Mean WBA at ambient pressure (WBAamb) of both experimental groups was reduced significantly between 0.8 and 5 kHz relative to the control group. The difference between mean WBAamb and mean WBA at tympanometric peak pressure (WBATPP) was greater for the RP (0.12–0.16 between 0.5 and 1.5 kHz) than for the cholesteatoma group (0.03–0.11 between 0.6 and 3 kHz). Mean WBAamb of both epitympanic RP (ERP) and epitympanic cholesteatoma (EC) subgroups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Mean WBATPP of the ERP subgroup attained normal levels as per the control group, while mean WBATPP of EC subgroup was significantly lower than that of the control group at 0.8 to 1.5 kHz and 4 to 5 kHz. In contrast, both mesotympanic RP and MC subgroups demonstrated similar mean WBAamb and WBATPP values. No significant differences in WBAamb and WBATPP results between the RP and cholesteatomas groups were observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing between the RP and cholesteatomas groups ranged from 0.44 to 0.60, indicating low accuracy in separating the two groups. Conclusion While it is not possible to distinguish between the RP and cholesteatomas groups based on the WBAamb and WBATPP results, it is potentially feasible to differentiate between the EC and ERP conditions. Further study using a large clinical sample is recommended to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the WBA test to identify the EC and ERP conditions.

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