scholarly journals Pathophysiological justification of age- and gender-dependent morphological changes in the adipose tissue in rat models of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Shutova ◽  
Olha V. Nikolaieva ◽  
Irina Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
Olena O. Pavlova ◽  
Inna O. Sulhdost
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
White Rats ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the urgent issues in medicine. Regional distribution of the adipose tissue should be diagnosed at clinical examination, as the morphometric parameters of the cells of the active adipose tissue components may indicate the metabolic state. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in morphological and histological parameters of the adipose tissue associated with the development of MS in animals of different ages and gender. Material and methods: An experimental study was carried out on 144 WAG/G Sto white rats, divided into three study groups. Group 1 included young immature rats, 3 months old; group 2 consisted of 48 sexually mature rats, aged 5–6 months; group 3 consisted of 48 old rats, 18 months old. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups, control and experimental, and was additionally divided according to gender. Results and discussion: The body mass indices and specific weights of mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined in rats, as well as morphological characteristics of adipocytes of the adipose tissue. It was shown that histological and morphological changes in the adipose tissue of the animals were age- and gender-dependent, and that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue. Conclusions: The results of the study can be used for further determination of possible age and gender differences in the adipose tissue involvement in the development of chronic inflammation, as well as monitoring and correction of adipose tissue dysfunction in MS.

scholarly journals Heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM ZARKESH ◽  
MARYAM SADAT DANESHPOUR ◽  
BITA FAAM ◽  
MOHAMMAD SADEGH FALLAH ◽  
NIMA HOSSEINZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Heritability Estimation ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Continuous Traits

SummaryGrowing evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both genetic and environmental bases. We estimated the heritability of the MetS and its components in the families from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). We investigated 904 nuclear families in TLGS with two biological parents and at least one offspring (1565 parents and 2448 children), aged 3–90 years, for whom MetS information was available and had at least two members of family with MetS. Variance component methods were used to estimate age and sex adjusted heritability of metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and MetS components using SOLAR software. The heritability of waist circumference (WC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as continuous traits after adjusting for age and gender were 27, 46, 36, 29, 25, 26 and 15%, respectively, and MSS had a heritability of 15%. When MetS components were analysed as discrete traits, the estimates of age and gender adjusted heritability for MetS, abdominal obesity, low HDL-C, high TG, high FBS and high blood pressure (BP) were 22, 40, 34, 38 and 23%, respectively (P < 0·05). Three factors were extracted from the six continuous traits of the MetS including factor I (BP), factor II (lipids) and factor III (obesity and FBS). Heritability estimation for these three factors were 7, 13 (P < 0·05) and 2%, respectively. The highest heritability was for HDL-C and TG. The results strongly encourage efforts to identify the underlying susceptibility genes.

Abstract 1125: Mulberry Leaf Ameliorates The Production Of Adipocytokines By Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In White Adipose Tissue In db/db Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sugimoto ◽  
Hidenori Arai ◽  
Yukinori Tamura ◽  
Toshinori Murayama ◽  
Koh Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Tnf Α

Mulberry leaf (ML) is commonly used to feed silkworms. Previous study showed that ML ameliorates atherosclerosis. However, its mechanism is not completely understood. Because dysregulated production of adipocytokines is involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, we examined the effect of ML on the production of adipocytokines and metabolic disorders related to the metabolic syndrome, and compared its effect with that of a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone (Pio). By treating obese diabetic db/db mice with ML, Pio, and their combination, we investigated the mechanism by which they improve metabolic disorders. In this study, db/+m (lean control) and db/db mice were fed a standard diet with or without 3% (w/w) ML and/or 0.01% (w/w) Pio for 12 weeks from 9 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment we found that ML decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride by 32% and 30%, respectively. Interestingly, administration of ML in addition to Pio showed additive effects; further 40% and 30% reduction in glucose and triglyceride compared with Pio treatment, respectively. Moreover, administration of ML in addition to Pio suppressed the body weight increase by Pio treatment and reduced visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio by 20% compared with control db/db mice. Importantly, ML treatment increased expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue (WAT) by 40%, which was only found in db/db mice, not in control db/+m mice. Combination of ML and Pio increased plasma adiponectin concentrations by 25% and its expression in WAT by 17% compared with Pio alone. In contrast, ML decreased expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 by 25% and 20%, respectively, and the addition of Pio resulted in a further decrease of these cytokines by about 45%. To study the mechanism, we examined the role of oxidative stress. ML decreased the amount of lipid peroxides by 43% and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in WAT, which was consistent with the results of TNF-α and MCP-1. Thus our results indicate that ML ameliorates adipocytokine dysregulation by inhibiting oxidative stress in WAT of obese mice, and that ML may have a potential for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome as well as reducing adverse effects of Pio.

scholarly journals Market analytics of the rice wine market in Japan: an exploratory study

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-491
Author(s):  
Martin Kunc
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anchoring And Adjustment ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse consumer buying behaviour in the Japanese rice wine, also known as sake market. Design/methodology/approach The study applies a novel qualitative and quantitative analytical methodology to an off-license channel in Japan. The methodology involves the use of anchoring-and-adjustment theory and simulation to a large set of point of sale data. The selection of the brands used for the study are more than 230 brands and more than 150 sake breweries. Findings Age and gender are important factors determining recurrent patterns of purchasing behaviour. Small size packaging, e.g. one cup, has the highest volume in sales, for example, convenience shopping, but it depends on exogenous factors, e.g. summer season or festive events. Research limitations/implications Limitations are related with the lack of specific personal data from consumers that impedes to test behavioural attitudes driving loyalty to brands. Anchoring-and-adjustment theory can be a valid approach to evaluate large longitudinal data sets of purchasing behaviour. Practical implications Results indicate that fragmented markets tend to over-expand the assortment affecting volume stability. However, this dynamics is difficult to avoid when all participants are engaged in this behaviour and the market is strongly segmented by age and gender. Originality/value The paper contributes to the body of knowledge of buyer behaviour in relation to purchasing and consumption for other types of wine. It is the first application in alcoholic beverages of anchor-and-adjustment theory.

scholarly journals Exercise Induced Adipokine Changes and the Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Exercise Induced

The lack of adequate physical activity and obesity created a worldwide pandemic. Obesity is characterized by the deposition of adipose tissue in various parts of the body; it is now evident that adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ capable of secreting many cytokines that are though to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines, or adipose tissue-derived proteins, play a pivotal role in this scenario. Increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokines leads to a chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Lifestyle change in terms of increased physical activity and exercise is the best nonpharmacological treatment for obesity since these can reduce insulin resistance, counteract the inflammatory state, and improve the lipid profile. There is growing evidence that exercise exerts its beneficial effects partly through alterations in the adipokine profile; that is, exercise increases secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper we briefly describe the pathophysiologic role of four important adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the metabolic syndrome and review some of the clinical trials that monitored these adipokines as a clinical outcome before and after exercise.

scholarly journals Influence of birth weight on gene regulators of lipid metabolism and utilization in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Williams ◽  
N Marten ◽  
V Wilson ◽  
J C Litten-Brown ◽  
A M Corson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Epidemiological studies suggest that low-birth weight infants show poor neonatal growth and increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, in particular, obesity and diabetes. Adipose tissue development is regulated by many genes, including members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) families. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of birth weight on key adipose and skeletal muscle tissue regulating genes. Piglets from 11 litters were ranked according to birth weight and 3 from each litter assigned to small, normal, or large-birth weight groups. Tissue samples were collected on day 7 or 14. Plasma metabolite concentrations and the expression ofPPARG2,PPARA,FABP3, andFABP4genes were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipocyte number and area were determined histologically. Expression ofFABP3and4was significantly reduced in small and large, compared with normal, piglets in adipose tissue on day 7 and in skeletal muscle on day 14. On day 7,PPARAandPPARG2were significantly reduced in adipose tissue from small and large piglets. Adipose tissue from small piglets contained more adipocytes than normal or large piglets. Birth weight had no effect on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle lipid content. Low-birth weight is associated with tissue-specific and time-dependent effects on lipid-regulating genes as well as morphological changes in adipose tissue. It remains to be seen whether these developmental changes alter an individual's susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.

Regional distribution of circumferential residual strains in the human aorta according to age and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Sokolis ◽  
Giannis D. Savva ◽  
Stavroula A. Papadodima ◽  
Stavros K. Kourkoulis
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Age and gender specific estimation of visceral adipose tissue amounts from radiological images in morbidly obese patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Linder ◽  
Alexander Schaudinn ◽  
Nikita Garnov ◽  
Matthias Blüher ◽  
Arne Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Gender Specific
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document