scholarly journals Orientación al mercado y su efecto en la satisfacción en las relaciones comerciales entre fabricantes y distribuidores de productos farmacéuticos en Jalisco, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
González E. R.
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Cultural Base ◽  
The One ◽  
Orientación Al Mercado

Abstract. The market orientation is a process through as information is generated on the markets of the company; such information by all the organization is scattered and who sustains the decision making; and finally, the organizational answer of the company based on own actions of a direction towards the client and the surroundings. The market orientation has been studied from two main perspectives, the cultural perspective and the perspective of behaviors. The cultural market orientation sustains in the values and beliefs on the decision making in the market leading to actions on strategies to the market that are originated from within. The other perspective, the one of behaviors, are based on a set of actions those that not necessarily have a cultural base, although some raise that all oriented behavior to the marketis consequence of a system of beliefs that sustains them. However, several scales have been developed to measure the market orientation from a perspective or another one. It has been verified that both scales from the market orientation are convergent as far as the measurement ofsuch phenomenon. A measurement becomes of the perception from market orientation through the perspective of behaviors and of the economic and psychological satisfaction experienced by both parts in the relation (in a sample of 54 wholesale distributors and 14 manufacturers), being that the perception from direction to the market influences more of important way in the economicsatisfaction, no in the psychological satisfaction. In the work a valuation becomes of these results.Key Words: Economic satisfaction, market orientation, psychological satisfaction, relationshipmarketingResumen. La orientación del mercado es un proceso a través del cual se genera información de los mercados de la empresa. Tal información se dispersa por toda la organización; y finalmente, se diseña la respuesta organizativa de la empresa a través de las acciones dirigidas hacia el cliente y el entorno. La orientación del mercado se ha estudiado a partir de dos perspectivas, la cultural y la de comportamientos. La orientación cultural del mercado se sostiene en los valores y creencias que permiten la toma de decisiones de estrategias al mercado originadas desde dentro de la empresa. La otra perspectiva, la de comportamientos, se basa en un sistema de acciones los que no necesariamente tienen una base cultural, aunque todo comportamiento orientado al mercado es consecuencia de un sistema de creencias que los sostiene. Sin embargo, variasescalas se han desarrollado para medir la orientación del mercado de una perspectiva u otra. Se ha verificado que ambas escalas de la orientación del mercado son convergentes para medir el fenómeno. En este trabajo se utiliza una de la orientación del mercado bajo la perspectiva de comportamientos y se relaciona con la satisfacción económica y psicológica experimentada porambas partes en la relación (en una muestra de 54 distribuidores al por mayor y de 14 fabricantes). Con ello se obtiene que la orientación al mercado influencia de manera más importante la satisfacción económica, y no en la satisfacción psicológica. En el trabajo se evidencian estos resultados. Palabras Claves: Mercadotécnia de relaciones, orientación al mercado, satisfacción económica, satisfacción psicológica

scholarly journals El Compromiso Ético de la Medicina: A Propósito de la Obra de Alfred I. Tauber / The Ethical Commitment of Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Arrieta-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Commitment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The One ◽  
Element Characteristic

ABSTRACTTaking as starting point the recent translation into Spanish of his book Confessions of a medicine man, his most personal and applauded work, this article reviews the work of Alfred I. Tauber, one of the most influential voices currently in U.S. medical humanities. Tauber’s work is already very extensive and presents a wide variety of themes, but it is possible to identify two main concerns: the attempt to justify and implement an alternative to autonomist ethics that today dominates the medical practice and decision making on the one hand; and on the other hand, the concern for the excessive penchant for science and technology that usually shows current medicine, which would have nothing objectionable if it had not sacrificed in a clumsy and unnecessary way the empathetic and humanist element characteristic of the art of caring.RESUMENTomando como punto de partida la reciente traducción al castellano de su libro Confesiones de un médico, su trabajo más personal y aplaudido, este artículo hace un repaso de la obra de Alfred I. Tauber, una de las voces más influyentes en la actualidad de las humanidades médicas norteamericanas. La obra de Tauber es ya muy extensa y de una gran variedad temática, pero es posible identificar las dos preocupaciones centrales que la animan: el intento de fundamentar e implantar una alternativa a la ética autonomista que a día de hoy domina el escenario de la práctica y la toma de decisiones médicas, por un lado; y por el otro, la inquietud por la excesiva querencia por la ciencia y la tecnología que generalmente muestra la medicina actual, lo cual no tendría nada de censurable si ello no supusiera sacrificar de una manera torpe e innecesaria el elemento empático y humanista propio del arte de cuidar.

scholarly journals Epistemologia emancipatória de coletivos políticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3, jul.-dez.) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Flavia de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Cleavages ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The One

Junho de 2013 é um ponto de inflexão para o surgimento acentuado de mobilizações que contribuem para uma ampla reconfiguração do ativismo social. Acreditamos que tal processo implica, por um lado, busca da horizontalidade, autonomia e participação. Por outro lado, a experimentação de outra forma de organização interna, de relações de poder e de tomada de decisões significa conceber, na prática e no quotidiano, um outro “espaço de aparecimento”: tornar visíveis corpos dissidentes, reivindicar a legitimação e o reconhecimento de identidades e culturas historicamente subjugadas. Este artigo propõe analisar o conceito de “coletivos políticos” como sendo aqueles que atuam diretamente com as clivagens sociais. Palavras-chave: Espaço de aparecimento; cultura autonomista; ativismo; coletivos   Abstract June 2013 is a turning point for the sharp increase in the mobilizations that contributed to a broad reconfiguration of social activism. This process implies, on the one hand, the search for horizontality, autonomy, and participation. On the other hand, experimenting with another form of internal organization, power relations, and decision-making allows, in practice and daily life, another “space of appearance”: to make dissident bodies visible, claiming legitimation and recognition of historically subjugated identities and cultures. This article proposes to analyze the concept of “political collectives” as those that act directly with social cleavages. Keywords: Space of appearance; autonomism; activism; collective.   Resumen Junio de 2013 es un punto clave para el fuerte aumento de las movilizaciones que contribuyen a una amplia reconfiguración del activismo social. Creemos que tal proceso implica, la búsqueda de la horizontalidad, la autonomía y la participación, por un lado. Y, por otro lado, experimentar con otra forma de organización interna, relaciones de poder y toma de decisiones. Lo que significa concebir, en la práctica y en la vida cotidiana, otro “espacio de aparición”: visibilizar los cuerpos disidentes, reivindicar la legitimación y reconocimiento de identidades y culturas históricamente subyugadas. Este artículo propone analizar el concepto de “colectivos políticos” como aquellos que actúan directamente con las asimetrías sociales. Palavras clave: Espacio de aparición; autonomismo; activismo; colectivo.

scholarly journals Theology at Thresholds: Learning from a Practice ‘In Transition’

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Muers ◽  
Rhiannon Grant
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Theological Ethics ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Core Practices ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Collective Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Recent developments in contemporary theology and theological ethics have directed academic attention to the interrelationships of theological claims, on the one hand, and core community-forming practices, on the other. This article considers the value for theology of attending to practice at the boundaries, the margins, or, as we prefer to express it, the threshold of a community’s institutional or liturgical life. We argue that marginal or threshold practices can offer insights into processes of theological change – and into the mediation between, and reciprocal influence of, ‘church’ and ‘world’. Our discussion focuses on an example from contemporary British Quakerism. ‘Threshing meetings’ are occasions at which an issue can be ‘threshed out’ as part of a collective process of decision-making. Drawing on a 2015 small-scale study (using a survey and focus group) of British Quaker attitudes to and experiences of threshing meetings, set in the wider context of Quaker tradition, we interpret these meetings as a space for working through – in context and over time – tensions within Quaker theology, practice and self-understandings, particularly those that emerge within, and in relation to, core practices of Quaker decision-making.

Lessing's Treatment of the Story of the Ring, and its Teaching

PMLA ◽  
1901 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
W. H. Carruth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Good Works ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Healing Power ◽  
Divine Origin ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

In Westermann's Monatshefte for January, 1891, and later in his ‘Life of Lessing,‘ Professor Erich Schmidt has outlined the chief features of the history and transformations of the story of the three rings in Europe. On examination it will be found that all the versions of the story belong to one or the other of two types, which are represented by the two earliest forms of the story preserved to us. The oldest version, that of the Spanish Jew Salomo ben Verga, tells of two rings or jewels only, which were in outward appearance exactly alike, and there is no question of one being genuine and the other false, but only of the relative value of the two. In the absence of the father it is found impossible to decide the question, and thus the decision between Christianity and Judaism is simply avoided. In Li Dis dou vrai aniel, a French poem of the end of the twelfth century, three rings appear, and to the original or genuine ring is attributed a marvelous healing power by which it may be recognized, and following which a decision is arrived at among the three religions, in this case in favor of Christianity, although ther were not wanting later narrators so bold as to hint that the true ring was possessed by Judaism. The version of Etienne de Bourbon, the versions of the Cento Novelle, the three versions of the Gesta Romanorum, all belong to one or the other of two types. We may refer to these two types as the Spanish type and the French type. Those of the first type, to which belongs also the version of Boccaccio, the one from which Lessing took his point of departure, avoid a decision, implying that all religions are equally authoritative, but without inherent or inner evidence of their quality. Those of the second type, to which in many of its features Lessing's final version of the story is allied, lead to a decision, making religion of divine origin indeed, but supplying a test, that of good works, whereby the true religion may be recognized.

scholarly journals History teaching as a designed meaning-making process: Teacher facilitation of student–subject relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Eskelund Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Teaching Situation ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Student Subject

This article is an empirical analysis of history teaching as a communicative process. Dialogic history teaching develops as a designed meaning-making process that depends on thorough pedagogical strategies and decisions, and requires cohesion in teacher expectations, introductions and interventions. A micro-dialogic study is presented in this article to document a paradoxical teaching situation where history as subject-related content all but disappeared from a group of students' meaning-making processes because they were preoccupied with figuring out their teacher's intentions. History teaching thus turned into 'just teaching' without the teacher or the students being aware of it. A strong emphasis on history teaching as a communicative process and dialogue as a key pedagogical tool have potential with regard to pedagogical decision-making and strategies on the one hand, and for relationships between students and history as subject-related content on the other. The analysis presented in this article contributes to a growing field of studies on dialogic history teaching, of which the focus on students as an important part of classroom dialogues is central.

scholarly journals El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?

Studies of Central–Provincial Relations in the People's Republic of China: A Mid-Term Appraisal

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ho Chung
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Level

Spatial aspects of power have been relatively neglected in the field of political science in general, with the notable exception of federalism. Many have argued that the study of political power has generally confined itself to the national level and paid scant attention to the interactions between the central government on the one hand and regional and local authorities on the other. Several tendencies have worked against the flourishing of political research on central-local government relations in the last three decades. First, in methodological terms, the “behavioural revolution” that swept the discipline caused a sudden premature end to the institutional analysis so crucial to central-local government relations. Secondly, in thematic terms, political scientists have been overly preoccupied with central-level processes of decision-making while neglecting the politics of central-local relations. Thirdly, in conceptual terms, the rise of “state” as an encompassing concept was facilitated largely at the expense of complex intra-governmental dynamics.

De samenvoeging van de gemeenten : Studie van het besluitvormingsproces

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-244
Author(s):  
Rudolf Maes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
The Government ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way ◽  
Opposition Parties

In the years 1975-1976 the Belgian government has given high priority to the restructuring of local government, resp. by the means of mergers of communes : the number of communes has decreased by that way from 2,359 to 596.In the decision-making emphasized were the initiatives taken by the Minister of the Interior as wel! on the domain of the elaboration of the proposals to delimitate the territory of the new communes as on the domain of the defining of the terms of execution with regard to the personnel, the finances, the transition of goods, etc.  About the proposals on the delimitation of the territory the local governmentscould only give advice ; they have been sanctioned by the legislative assemblees at the end of 1975 after rather difficult and heated debates.During this period an important resistance developed : on the one side from the communal milieu itself and on the other side from the opposition parties, esp. the Belgian Socialist Party not participating in the government that had made the drawing of the new map of communes according to a broad plan to its aim.Nevertheless, the decision-making also has to be seen from the fact that the opposition parties agreed with the principle of the mergers : they mainly contested the way in which the mergers were executed.The abolition of the federations of communes around the Brussels agglomeration, decided in the same context, has to be seen in the light of the typical Belgian problem of the coexistence of different linguistic groups.

Energy Sustainability of Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 96-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Grigoroudis ◽  
Vassilis S. Kouikoglou ◽  
Yannis A. Phillis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy Challenge

The provision of adequate, reliable, and affordable energy, in conformity with social and environmental requirements is a vital part of sustainable development. Currently, countries are facing a two-fold energy challenge: on the one hand they should assure the provision of environmentally sustainable energy, while, on the other, energy services should be reliable, affordable, and socially acceptable. To evaluate such aspects of energy services one needs energy sustainability barometers, which provide the means to monitor the impacts of energy policies and assist policymakers in relevant decision making. Although sustainability is an ambiguous, complex, and polymorphous concept, all energy sustainability barometers incorporate the three major sustainability dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. In this chapter, we review three models for assessing the sustainability of energy development of countries: ESI, SAFE, and EAPI. We also present a brief discussion of the results, the applied methodologies, and the underlying assumptions of these sustainability barometers.

Coding Inequality

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Sarah Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproduction Of Inequality

This chapter looks at the promise and peril of police use of big data analytics for inequality. On the one hand, big data analytics may be a means by which to ameliorate persistent inequalities in policing. Data can be used to “police the police” and replace unparticularized suspicion of racial minorities and human exaggeration of patterns with less biased predictions of risk. On the other hand, data-intensive police surveillance practices are implicated in the reproduction of inequality in at least four ways: by deepening the surveillance of individuals already under suspicion, codifying a secondary surveillance network of individuals with no direct police contact, widening the criminal justice dragnet unequally, and leading people to avoid institutions that collect data and are fundamental to social integration. Crucially, as currently implemented, “data-driven” decision-making techwashes, both obscuring and amplifying social inequalities under a patina of objectivity.

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