PHOSPHORUS AND HEAVY METAL CONTENTS IN SMALL-SCALE COMPOSTING AREAS

Composting is an important tool for recycling and proper disposal of organic waste. However, in small-scale composting, where total soil sealing and leachate collection is not carried out, elements such as P, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb may accumulate in soil. This study aimed to assess phosphorus and heavy metal contents in soils of areas used for small-scale food waste composting. In order to do this, we sampled soil depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm of four areas with composting times of 16, 12, 7 and 1 year, in addition to four reference areas. All the study areas are located in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. We determined available P, Cu and Zn contents and total Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb contents in the soil samples. We found that the production of organic compost directly on the soil generally promoted increases in available P contents, which were above acceptable environmental limits, especially at the uppermost soil layers. Still, the presence of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was not an environmental liability in the composting areas, as the contents found were below those recommended by legislation.

Download Full-text

Impact of Heavy Metals on Benthic Oligochaete Communities in the River Ill and Its Tributaries

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0111 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Rosso ◽

M. Lafont ◽

A. Exinger

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Rhine Basin ◽

Metal Contents ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

The aim of this research is to describe the impact of heavy metals contaminating sediments on oligochaete communities. Sediments were collected three times (June, August, October 1991) for chemical and biological analyses in 15 sites situated in the river I11 and its tributaries (Rhine Basin, France). The sediments are characterized by high contents of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn from below the city of Mulhouse. The majority of sediments are heavily loaded with organic matter and organic micropollutants are also present. Oligochaete communities are rich in species. However five species only, considered as pollution-tolerant or opportunist, are significantly present and abundant. The percentages of Tubificidae without hair setae are positively related to heavy metal contents of the sediments, and the percentages of Tubificidae with hair setae are negatively related. Several species such as N. communis, N. barbata, D. digitata and Bothrioneurum sp. are considered as tolerant to heavy metals; on the contrary L. claparedeanus, L. udekemianus, Stylodrilus sp. and S. josinae are considered as intolerant. The reproductive strategy of oligochaetes in contaminated areas and the role of organic matter are discussed. Several recommendations are given for the rehabilitation of the investigated sites.

Download Full-text

Geochemistry of Atmospheric Dust on the Territory of the City of Yerevan

Chemistry Journal of Moldova ◽

10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Armen Saghatelyan ◽

Lilit Sahakyan ◽

Olga Belyaeva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Load Level ◽

Ground Layer ◽

Atmospheric Dust ◽

Metal Contents ◽

The City ◽

Dust Load

This research is focused on the level of heavy metal contents in dust of a near-ground layer of atmosphere. The dust load level was evaluated as medial. Indicated was a quality composition of dominating dust pollutants. The level of summary load of metals was low.

Download Full-text

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens and effects on its life cycle

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed ◽

10.3920/jiff2015.0030 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

S. Diener ◽

C. Zurbrügg ◽

K. Tockner

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Metal Concentration ◽

Organic Waste ◽

The Body ◽

Small Scale ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Collection Costs

In developing countries, effective waste management strategies are constrained by high collection costs and lack of adequate treatment and disposal options. The organic fraction in particular, which accounts for more than 50% of the waste production, constitutes a great, yet mostly neglected, reuse potential. Concomitantly, the demand for alternative protein sources by the livestock feed industry is sharply increasing. A technology that effectively transforms organic waste into valuable feed is therefore a timely option. Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly. Concurrently, larval feeding converts organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein. In combination with a viable market, this potential animal feed may cover the waste collection costs and thus promote innovative, small-scale entrepreneurs to establish a profitable business niche. Organic waste, however, often contains persistent pollutants, such as heavy metals, that may accumulate in the larvae and prepupae of black soldier flies and consequently in the food chain. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae chicken feed spiked with heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc at three concentrations each) to examine the extent of metal accumulation in the different life stages and the effect of heavy metal concentration in the feed on the life cycle determinants of the flies. The cadmium accumulation factor in prepupae (metal concentration in the body divided by metal concentration in the food) ranged between 2.32 and 2.94; however, the lead concentration remained well below its initial concentration in the feed. The bioaccumulation factor of zinc in prepupae decreased with increasing zinc concentration in the feed (from 0.97 to 0.39). None of the three heavy metal elements had significant effects on the life cycle determinants (prepupal weight, development time, sex ratio).

Download Full-text

Peningkatan Potensi Ibu Rumah Tangga dalam Mengolah Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Metode Takakura di Desa Cibiru Wetan, Kabupaten Bandung

Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat ◽

10.30653/002.201942.110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Soni Muhsinin ◽

Deden Indra Dinata ◽

Ivan Andriansyah ◽

Aiyi Asnawi

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Small Scale ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Project Activity ◽

The Village ◽

The City

INCREASING OF HOUSEWIVES POTENTIAL IN PROCESSING DOMESTIC ORGANIC WASTE BY USING TAKAKURA METHOD IN CIBIRU WETAN VILLAGE, BANDUNG REGENCY. Domestic waste (DW) is a major environmental challenge for many urban local bodies in Indonesia both in the village and in the city, where urbanization, industrialization and economic growth have resulted in increased waste generation per person. One way to solve this waste is to turn organic domestic into compost. Composting, the recycling of organic waste such as vegetation and food waste reduces the amount of waste going to landfill and is, therefore, a rapidly growing sector. Desa Cibiru Wetan, Kab. Bandung, West Java is one of the villages that has learned about how to process organic waste into compost and become a pilot project but because of the distance between raw materials and management with compost incubator so that compost production is disturbed. Therefore, the purpose of the project activity was to produce compost from domestic organic waste by the Takakura method. In this method, a small incubator was used and placed at the home of the community. Although on a small scale but with many multipliers, it able to produce an abundant compost and can be an alternative for the existing compost incubator method. The stage included counseling and socialization, training in making incubator Takakura, training in production compos,t and monitoring and evaluation. The results showed a good understanding of both groups for both the socialization and counseling stages as well as for the practice of production of compost. In conclusion, the activity on the production of compost by using Takakura method able was to solved for domestic organic waste and remind set the interest of the community in producing compost.

Download Full-text

Assessment of heavy metal pollution of topsoils and plants in the City of Belgrade

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc150829096a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 447-458

Author(s):

Gordana Andrejic ◽

Tamara Rakic ◽

Jasmina Sinzar-Sekulic ◽

Nevena Mihailovic ◽

Jasmina Grubin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Plant Species ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Urban Parks ◽

Buxus Sempervirens ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Mahonia Aquifolium ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

In order to assess heavy metal pollution in the city of Belgrade (Serbia) concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were measured on 18 topsoil samples collected in the proximity to central urban boulevards and in urban parks. In addition, concentrations of specified elements were determined in leaves of three evergreen plant species Buxus sempervirens L., Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. and Prunus laurocerasus L. so as to estimate their sensitivity to heavy metal pollution. Even though various types of soils from different quarts of Belgrade were sampled, their heavy metal contents were very similar, with somewhat higher concentrations of almost all elements detected in the proximity to high traffic roads. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in leaves of investigated plant species paralleled the heavy metal concentrations found in their respective soils and were higher in plants sampled from boulevards then from urban parks. Since investigated plant show no visible injuries induced by detected heavy metal pollution these species are suitable for the successful urban landscaping.

Download Full-text

The River Rhine as a source of micropollutants in the canal sediments of the city of Delft (The Netherlands)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2003.0560 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Kelderman ◽

Y. Xuedong ◽

Q. Wenchuan ◽

W.M.E. Drossaert

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Inner City ◽

River Rhine ◽

Organic Micropollutants ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Local Pollution ◽

Metal Contents ◽

The City ◽

Rhine Water

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the pollution levels for heavy metals and organic micropollutants at 182 sediment stations in the city canals of Delft. High pollution levels were especially observed in the inner city canal sediments, probably related to the import of polluted river Rhine water. In contrast, the more-or-less isolated outer city sites were generally much less polluted. Regression analysis on the database generally showed highly significant correlations between individual heavy metal contents. The heavy metal contents were usually significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well. This points to one or more common sources for these micropollutants. Factor analysis and the K-means cluster analysis technique were applied on the above database; it showed a large cluster of stations, nearly all located in the outer city of Delft, characterized by relatively low heavy metal and organic micropollutants’ contents. Another cluster of 18 stations, mostly located in the inner city of Delft, possessed intermediate pollution levels, directly related with the supply of river Rhine water. Finally, the stations of a third cluster, situated in the inner city as well, were highly polluted, especially by local pollution sources. The above hypotheses were further supported by a more detailed statistical analysis for a number of inner city stations, together with 10-year river Rhine pollution data.

Download Full-text