scholarly journals THE OMICRON VARIANT BREAKS THE EVOLUTIONARY LINEAGE OF SARS-COV2 VARIANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 108-132
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Perez ◽  
Valère Lounnas ◽  
Montagnier Montagnier
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Helper Virus ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Hairpin Conformation

We analyze here 7 very first strains of OMICRON the SARS-CoV2 new variant from South Africa, the USA (California and Minesota), Canada and Belgium. We applied, at the scale of the whole genome and the spike gene, the biomathematics method of Fibonacci meta-structure fractal analysis applied to the UA / CG proportions.  We have evidenced the RUPTURE of OMICRON with respect to ALL the previous variants: D614G, ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA, DELTA. Remarkably, it is observed that the density of OMICRON mutations in the SPIKE PRION region is more than 8 times that of the rest of the Spike protein. In particular, we suggest that the mRNA stabilizing secondary structure ("hairpin" conformation) in the spike of all variants is degraded in OMICRON, probably making its mRNA more fragile. The loss of long-range fractal meta-structures in the OMICRON spike gene are in line with common knowledge on the mechanisms of epidemic ending, involving  recombination of heavily mutated RNA fragments of the virus, with the possible inference of a distinct helper virus. This would indicate that the SARS-CoV2 is under very strong evolutionary pressure,  possibly marking the end of the pandemic. We are studying more particularly the prion-like region of the spike, the mutations rate of which is 8 times higher in OMICRON than that of the whole spike protein.

scholarly journals Intradermal ChAdOx1 Vaccine Following Two CoronaVac Shots: A Case Report

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Ekachai Singhatiraj ◽  
Krit Pongpirul ◽  
Anan Jongkaewwattana ◽  
Nattiya Hirankarn
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Neutralization Titer ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Local Reactions

Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are used in many countries with uncertain immunogenicity. Intradermal ChAdOx1 has been proposed as a resource-efficient heterologous third booster shot. A 52-year-old healthy male healthcare professional had received two intramuscular CoronaVac shots on 21 April and 23 May 2021, and volunteered to take a 0.1 mL ChAdOx1 vaccine intradermally on 29 June 2021, with minimal local reactions. The declining IgG levels against spike protein from the two CoronaVac shots increased to higher than 10,000 AU/mL two weeks after the intradermal ChAdOx1. Moreover, the neutralizing antibody increased from 66.77% to almost 100%. A ratio of 6.6:9.7 of IgA:IgG was observed. The 50% pseudovirus neutralization titer (PVNT50) against lentiviral pseudovirus bearing a codon-optimized spike gene (wild type, alpha, beta, and delta) were 1812.42, 822.99, 1025.42, 1347.13, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells to spike protein–peptide pools (532–788 SFU/106 PBMCs) were detected. In conclusion, the antibody and cellular responses to the intradermal ChAdOx1, as a third booster dose in a healthy volunteer who received two intramuscular CoronaVac shots, revealed a dramatic increase in the total antibodies, including IgG, IgA, as well as T cell responses against spike protein. The immune response from intradermal ChAdOx1 should be further investigated in a larger population.

scholarly journals The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lambda (C.37) in South America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro E. Romero ◽  
Alejandra Davila-Barclay ◽  
Guillermo Salvatierra ◽  
Luis Gonzalez ◽  
Diego Cuicapuza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Health Organization

We report the emergence of a novel lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in South America, termed C.37. It presents a deletion in the ORF1a gene (Δ3675-3677), also found in variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, and seven non-synonymous mutations in the Spike gene (Δ247-253, G75V, T76I, L452Q, F490S, T859N). Initially reported in Lima, Peru, in late December 2020, it now accounts for almost 100% of Peruvian genomes in April 2021. It is expanding in Chile and Argentina, and there is evidence of onward transmission in Colombia, Mexico, the USA, Germany, and Israel. On June 15, 2021, the World Health Organization designated C.37 as Variant of Interest (VOI) Lambda.

scholarly journals Trigonometric approximation of functions $f(x,y)$ of generalized Lipschitz class by double Hausdorff matrix summability method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Vishnu Narayan Mishra ◽  
M. Mursaleen
Keyword(s):  
Double Fourier Series ◽  
Degree Of Approximation ◽  
Trigonometric Approximation ◽  
Lipschitz Class ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Approximation Of Functions ◽  
Matrix Summability ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Generalized Lipschitz Class ◽  
Hausdorff Matrix

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a new estimate for the degree of approximation of functions $f(x,y)$ f ( x , y ) belonging to the generalized Lipschitz class $Lip ((\xi _{1}, \xi _{2} );r )$ L i p ( ( ξ 1 , ξ 2 ) ; r ) , $r \geq 1$ r ≥ 1 , by double Hausdorff matrix summability means of double Fourier series. We also deduce the degree of approximation of functions from $Lip ((\alpha ,\beta );r )$ L i p ( ( α , β ) ; r ) and $Lip(\alpha ,\beta )$ L i p ( α , β ) in the form of corollary. We establish some auxiliary results on trigonometric approximation for almost Euler means and $(C, \gamma , \delta )$ ( C , γ , δ ) means.

Differential Growth Requirements and Effector Functions of alpha/beta and gamma/delta Human T Cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Aparicio ◽  
Jose Maria Alonso ◽  
Maria Luisa Toribio ◽  
Jose Carlos Gutierrez ◽  
Luis Pezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Alpha Beta

scholarly journals Piracy and the Politics of Social Media

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fredriksson Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Information Politics ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Uk

Since the 1990s, the understanding of how and where politics is made has changed radically. Scholars such as Ulrich Beck and Maria Bakardjieva have discussed how political agency is enacted outside of conventional party organizations, and political struggles increasingly focus on single issues. Over the past two decades, this transformation of politics has become common knowledge, not only in academic research but also in the general political discourse. Recently, the proliferation of digital activism and the political use of social media is often understood to enforce these tendencies. This article analyzes the Pirate Party in relation to these theories, relying on almost 30 interviews with active Pirate Party members in Sweden, the UK, Germany, the USA, and Australia. The Pirate Party was initially formed in 2006, focusing on copyright, piracy, and digital privacy. Over the years, it has developed into a more general democracy movement, with an interest in a wider range of issues. This article analyses how the party’s initial focus on information politics and social media connects to a wider range of political issues and to other social movements, such as Arab Spring protests and Occupy Wall Street. Finally, it discusses how this challenges the understanding of information politics as a single issue agenda.

scholarly journals HiSpike Method for High-Throughput Cost Effective Sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Gene

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephraim Fass ◽  
Gal Zizelski Valenci ◽  
Mor Rubinstein ◽  
Paul J. Freidlin ◽  
Shira Rosencwaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Field Samples

The changing nature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to the world's health systems. Emerging spike gene variants jeopardize global efforts to produce immunity and reduce morbidity and mortality. These challenges require effective real-time genomic surveillance solutions that the medical community can quickly adopt. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates host receptor recognition and entry into the cell and is susceptible to generation of variants with increased transmissibility and pathogenicity. The spike protein is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients and the most common antigen for induction of effective vaccine immunity. Tight monitoring of spike protein gene variants is key to mitigating COVID-19 spread and generation of vaccine escape mutants. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 sequencing methods are labor intensive and expensive. When sequence demands are high sequencing resources are quickly exhausted. Consequently, most SARS-CoV-2 strains are sequenced in only a few developed countries and rarely in developing regions. This poses the risk that undetected, dangerous variants will emerge. In this work, we present HiSpike, a method for high-throughput cost effective targeted next generation sequencing of the spike gene. This simple three-step method can be completed in < 30 h, can sequence 10-fold more samples compared to conventional methods and at a fraction of their cost. HiSpike has been validated in Israel, and has identified multiple spike variants from real-time field samples including Alpha, Beta, Delta and the emerging Omicron variants. HiSpike provides affordable sequencing options to help laboratories conserve resources for widespread high-throughput, near real-time monitoring of spike gene variants.

Signals involved in gamma/delta T cell versus alpha/beta T cell lineage commitment

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian C. Hayday ◽  
Domingo F. Barber ◽  
Nataki Douglas ◽  
Eric S. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Commitment ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Gamma Delta T Cell ◽  
Cell Versus
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