scholarly journals Social Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Urooj Qamar ◽  
Nighat Ansari ◽  
Fatima Tanveer ◽  
Nida Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
National Government ◽  
Dominant Focus ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Ideological Debate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Social Entrepreneurship (SE) benefits the society by helping to achieve social and economic goals. SE is receiving scholarly attention around the globe but its development is still moderate in Pakistan. Despite the growing trend, the dominant focus of scholars remains the ideological debate about the meaning and definition of SE. Such an approach inhibits the exploration of its other facets. Casting the gap in literature, this paper aims to find out the challenges and prospects that social entrepreneurs face in their journey, specifically in Pakistan. Keeping in view the emerging importance of this sector, this study discusses the findings of 14 in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with leading social entrepreneurs, practitioners and academicians related to the field to understand the phenomenon at hand. Drawing upon the findings of the study, useful insights have been put forth as its theoretical contribution. Moreover, local and national government can benefit from the findings to enhance consciousness regarding the fourth sector of the economy, eventually augmenting the available social capital.

scholarly journals Enterprising education - a research on students as agents of change in social entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 788-797
Author(s):  
Oana Codruta Gauca ◽  
Denisa Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article is a study on the awareness and understanding of social entrepreneurship among students. Moreover, the article aims to emphasize the different meanings this buzz word has developed, whether it is the purpose of social entrepreneurship, the fields it activates in or the profit which should or should not be distributed. We aim to cover aspects of the definition of the social entrepreneurship field, as well as the ways in which students act as agents of change. The main research methodologies used except for literature review are interviews and case studies for several social business developed by students. The interviews are with no predetermined questions, in order to allow flexibility. The article wants to demonstrate that students are the emerging social entrepreneurs and important initiators of change in this field. In this regards, students should be educated and should develop skills within the universities programs, skills that are very specific compared to simple entrepreneurship. The main theoretical contribution to the field of education is the proven necessity that education facilities need to educate themselves. In order to create our future entrepreneurs as well as provide them with the skills set necessary to become entrepreneurs, education needs to become enterprising. The main practical contribution is the proof of students being involved in the change of society around them and main contributors to their environment.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
A. N. Timokhovich ◽  
O. I. Nikuradze
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Definition Of

The problems of measuring the efficiency of social entrepreneurship have been affected. The aim of the study is to identify the most relevant methods for measuring social value and evaluating the effects that arise as a result of the activities of social organizations. Various interpretations of the definition of the term “social entrepreneurship” have been given in the article. The main elements of the process of social entrepreneurship, features of the goal setting and risks of activities in the study area have been emphasized. The stages of planning activities in the field of social entrepreneurship have been described. The most common problems of measurements and evaluation of social effects that social entrepreneurs have to deal with in the process of carrying out activities related to the implementation of social projects: difficulty in achieving a quantitative evaluation, difficulty in predicting the long-term effect of activities, limitations on costs, time resources, indicators of accuracy and interpretation of results have been revealed. Problems in forecasting the effectiveness of social projects have been identified. The main methods that can be used by social entrepreneurs and organizations for measuring the social value and assessing impact of ongoing activities (method of cost-benefit analysis, method of social accounting, method of social return on investment, method of analysis of the main resources of efficiency) have been analysed. Recommendations for social entrepreneurs have been formulated.

Mindset and Social Entrepreneurship: Japanese Self-initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Yokoyama ◽  
Sarah Louisa Birchley
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Context Characteristics ◽  
Initial Research

This research is based on an extended study of Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs (SIEEs) in Asia. Since 2015 the authors have explored various factors that influence SIEEs when setting up enterprises overseas, including the ability to take initiative; support and encouragement from family, a well-defined career anchor and exposure to overseas in the exploration stage of one’s career. An emerging trend is the desire to engage in social development activities, which has seen increasing numbers of Japanese leave well-paid companies at home to work in NGOs in developing countries. An extension of this can be seen in Japanese who choose to become self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs. This article focuses specifically on cases collected in Cambodia and attempts to explain how and why Japanese decide to become self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs in Cambodia using the concept of mindsets; entrepreneurial, social, sustainable and global. Initial research shows that some of these individuals exemplify the definition of sustainable entrepreneurship as they are creative and question the status quo in order to seek new opportunities for societal improvement ( Bornstein, 2007 ) and have multiple mindsets behind their actions. This research paper shares the context, characteristics, and outcomes of Japanese self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs in Cambodia and concludes by suggesting how knowledge of these SIEEs can be used in higher education contexts in Japan to improve entrepreneurship education.

The Effects of Digitalization on Social Entrepreneurship and Social Value

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Hale Cide Demir
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Value ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Blockchain Technology

The intense competition and change by globalization and digitalization in the 21st century have made organizations and people face opportunities, threats, and uncertainty. Digitalization allows new and original business models and thus, presenting changes as a service or benefit to the consumer has become more important. A network is the most powerful instrument of social entrepreneurs or other employees to adapt to the new order. A very important tool of the new order is the blockchain technology which allows more secure, efficient, and trustworthy social enterprises. Social entrepreneurship is the process of establishing social enterprises to create social benefits and the relevant social value is general non-financial effects of programs, organizations, and interferences that include the wellbeing of people and communities, social capital, and the environment. This study tries to define and theorize that the results of digitalization can be managed by increasing social entrepreneurship and the resulting social impact and networking have an easing effect on this method.

scholarly journals Legal aspect of social entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 08071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Filatova ◽  
Nina Semeryanova ◽  
Svetlana Suslova ◽  
Alena Gabudina ◽  
Anna Kopytova
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses the main issues of definition of social entrepreneurship, both from economic and legal point of view. Since Russian legislature is only at the beginning of the way to create legal framework for activities, legislation on social entrepreneurship seems fragmentary and inconsistent. All of that adversely affects development of social entrepreneurship. Official city statistics (Nizhnevartovsk) show that less than a third of all entrepreneurs are interested in this type of activity; entrepreneurs who already have business in the field of social entrepreneurship mostly do not plan to expand current activities in this area. Analysis can contribute to creation of developed socio-economic relations in Russia. It can be achieved by building effective relations between social entrepreneurs and beneficiaries on the one hand, and also between social entrepreneurs and the state on the other.

scholarly journals Examining the Significance and Impact of Social Entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Balasundram Maniam ◽  
Jared Engel ◽  
Geetha Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Definition Of

Social entrepreneurship has garnered a significant amount of attention over the last decade or two. With so much emphasis on economic and financial return, governments and commercial businesses often neglect or provide insufficient attention towards the social and natural environments. This recent surge in non-profit and social activity from social entrepreneurs is proving to be an effective means of doing business, stirring up much controversy amongst scholars along the way. This paper dives into the hotly debated definition of social entrepreneurship and examines the types of opportunities and challenges associated with new phenomenon. Then, the report concludes with a discussion on the complexity of social entrepreneurship and why future research is needed.  

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Saleh ◽  
Rokhani Rokhani ◽  
Rizal Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
External Support ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Depth Interviews

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN EKSTERNAL DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MODAL SOSIAL MELALUI MODEL POSDAYA DI KOTA BOGOR, KABUPATEN BOGOR DAN CIANJURAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menelusuri permasalahan-permasalahan pada tingkat komunitas yang mendasari gagasan pengembangan Posdaya, (2) Mengetahui pola sinergitas dalam usaha mengatasi permasalahan sosial pada empat pilar program Posdaya, (3) Mengkaji dukungan eksternal dan kewirausahaan terhadap modal sosial. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan, dimulai Bulan Mei hingga Oktober 2013 di 20 Posdaya di Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor dan Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dengan berkuesioner (wawancara terstruktur) kepada 199 informan dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, kemudian dilakukan penajaman dengan metode triangulasi guna memperoleh kombinasi data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut (1) Pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan menghadapi berbagai permasalahan diantaranya kondisi sumberdaya manusia, program yang direncanakan, dan pendampingan. (ii) Pola sinergitas memiliki 12 dimensi kerjasama yang dikaji dalam studi ini. Sembilan dimensi merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar lembaga, dimana Posdaya yang dikaji berstatus sebagai mitra penerima program. dan (iii) Dukungan eksternal kepada kegiatan di empat pilar posdaya cukup baik. Namun demikian, perlu adanya pendekatan dan komunikasi yang lebih baik terhadap para stakeholders di lokasi posdaya. Berdasarkan identifikasi dalam kajian ini, pola pengembangan modal sosial dan kewirausahaan sosial diperoleh bahwa pilar kesehatan menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengembangannya, kemudian pilar pendidikan. Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, pengentasan kemiskinan, modal sosial, kewirausahaan sosial Support External Relations and Entrepreneurship Through Social Capital Model against Posdaya in Bogor, Bogor and Cianjur Districts Abstract This study aims to exploring the issues at the community level that the underlying idea Posdaya development, knowing the patterns of synergy in efforts to overcome social problems on the four pillars of the program Posdaya, and assessing the external support and entrepreneurship to social capital. The study was conducted over six months, starting in May to October 2013 in 20 Posdayas in Bogor district, Bogor and Cianjur. The research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. Primary data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with quesioner (structured interviews) to 199 informants, and focus group discussions, and then do the sharpening of the triangulation method to obtain accurate data combinations. The results showed as follows: (i) The development of social capital and entrepreneurial facing various problems including human condition, planned and mentoring programs (ii) The pattern of cooperation synergy has 12 dimensions studied in this study. Nine dimensions is a form of inter-agency cooperation, which examined Posdaya recipient's status as a partner program and (iii) external support to the activities in the four pillars Posdaya, pretty good. However, the presence of approaches and the need for better communication to the stakeholders in Posdaya‘s location. Based on the identification in this study, the pattern of development of social capital and social entrepreneurship obtained pillars of health a top priority in its development followed a pillar of education. Keywords: empowerment, poverty alleviation, social capital, social entrepreneurship

Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
Susana de los Ríos-Sastre ◽  
Víctor M. González-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

There is no doubt about the relevant role of social entrepreneurs as social transformers and there seems to be broad consensus on the factors that characterize it, such as: a sustainable social orientation, the intensive use of innovation, and the aim of creating social value. This chapter offers an updated vision of social entrepreneurship around the world, showing the main advances made in recent years and analyzing the main challenges and opportunities for the near future. It includes a reflection on the concept of social entrepreneurship, since today there's not a single definition of that term, and a review of the evidence on good practices in this field, which could serve as a model for future initiatives.

Unjani “clinics in a container”: social franchising in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Margie Sutherland ◽  
Kerryn Krige
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Franchising ◽  
Definition Of

Subject area This case study focuses on social entrepreneurship in emerging markets, looking at what is social entrepreneurship, theories of market failure, opportunity generation through effectuation, social franchising and funding. Study level/applicability Students of social entrepreneurship, development studies, sustainable livelihoods and asset-based development. It is useful for customised or short programmes or for students with a background in business (e.g. Diploma in Business Administration/MBA/custom programmes) wanting to understand social enterprise and blended theories of social and economic change. Case overview The case tells the story of Unjani container clinics which are providing affordable, quality access to people who struggle to access South Africa’s crumbling public health system. Dr Iain Barton recognised the role that nurses can play to relieve pressure on the system, by providing primary healthcare. He piloted Unjani using shipping containers as clinics with support from his company, Imperial Health Sciences. The story of Unjani is therefore one of startup and sustainable growth, partnership and building independent, self-sustaining social enterprises in a franchising system. The theory explored includes the importance of context, the role of market failure in spotting opportunity, developing opportunity through effectuation, defining social entrepreneurship and funding and growing the organisation. Expected learning outcomes The teaching objectives are framed by Mair (2010) who finds that where social entrepreneurs operate affects what they do and how they do it. Objective 1: Explores the influence of context on social entrepreneurship helping students frame a definition of social entrepreneurship. Objective 2: Students are able to connect the theory of market failure to opportunity identification and effectuation for social entrepreneurs. Objective 3: Students apply the definition of social entrepreneurship based on Santos’ (2010) Positive Theory. Objective 4: Students will be able to apply knowledge of social franchising models, as an approach to scaling. Objective 5: Students understand the principles of resource dependency theory and are able to use the funding spectrum as a tool to identify funding types. Supplementary materials Links to two videos are provided in the case. Recommendations are also made for materials to be used in the class, e.g. Global Competitiveness Index and Gapminder World, which are excellent tools to demonstrate the social and economic growth divide. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Creating and sustaining social value through collaborative effort: the slum ambassadors of Bwaise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Diana Nandagire Ntamu ◽  
Waswa Balunywa ◽  
John Munene ◽  
Peter Rosa ◽  
Laura A. Orobia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Learning Objective ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Learning outcomes By the end of their studies, students are expected to: undergraduate level. Learning objective 1: Describe the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Explain the sources and challenges of funding social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Discuss the different strategies that social entrepreneurs may use to raise funds. Postgraduate level. Learning Objective 1: Use theory to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship. Learning objective 2: Discuss the role of social capital in facilitating resource acquisition for social entrepreneurial activities. Learning objective 3: Evaluate the current action for fundamental change and development (AFFCAD) funding model and propose strategies that may be used by a social enterprise to achieve financial sustainability when donor funding expires. Case overview/synopsis The past decade has seen the emergence of many social enterprises from disadvantaged communities in low-income countries, seeking to provide solutions to social problems, which in developed countries would normally be addressed by government sponsored welfare programmes. The social entrepreneurs behind such initiatives are typically drawn from the disadvantaged communities they serve. They are often young people committed to improving the lives of their most disadvantaged community members. Being poor themselves and located in the poorest communities, establishing their enterprise faces fundamental challenges of obtaining resources and if accessed, sustaining the flow of resources to continue and grow their enterprise. Targeting external donors and mobilizing social resources within their community is a typical route to get their enterprise off the ground, but sustaining momentum when donor funding ceases requires changes of strategy and management. How are young social entrepreneurs dealing with these challenges? The case focusses on AFFCAD, a social enterprise founded by Mohammed Kisirisa and his three friends to support poor people in Bwaise, the largest slum in Kampala city. It illustrates how, like many other similar social enterprise teams, the AFFCAD team struggled to establish itself and its continuing difficulties in trying to financially sustain its activities. The case demonstrates how the youngsters mobilised social networks and collective action to gain access to donor funding and how they are modifying this strategy as donor funding expires. From an academic perspective, a positive theory of social entrepreneurship (Santos, 2012) is applied to create an understanding of the concept of social entrepreneurship. The case uses the social capital theory to demonstrate the role played by social ties in enabling social entrepreneurs to access financial and non-financial support in a resource scarce context (Bourdieu, 1983; Coleman, 1988, 1990). The National Council for Voluntary Organisations Income Spectrum is used as a tool to develop the options available for the AFFCAD team to sustain their activities in the absence of donor support. The case provides evidence that social entrepreneurs are not limited by an initial lack of resources especially if they create productive relationships at multiple levels in the communities where they work. However, their continued success depends on the ability to reinvent themselves by identifying ways to generate revenue to achieve their social goals. Complexity academic level This case study is aimed at Bachelor of Entrepreneurship students, MBA, MSc. Entrepreneurship and Masters of Social Innovation students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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