scholarly journals The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nicole Naadu Ofosu ◽  
L. Duncan Saunders ◽  
Gian Jhangri ◽  
Afif Alibhai
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

scholarly journals Stigmatising Attitudes Towards Co-workers with HIV in the Workplace of a Metropolitan State, Southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idongesit Godwin Utuk ◽  
Kayode Omoniyi Osungbade ◽  
Taiwo Akinyode Obembe ◽  
David Ayobami Adewole ◽  
Victoria Oluwabunmi Oladoyin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background:Despite demonstrating global concerns about infection in the workplace, very little research has explored how co-workers react to those living with HIV in the workplace in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the level of stigmatising attitude towards co-workers living with HIV in the workplace.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 403 respondents. They were recruited from selected companies through a multistage sampling technique. Survey was carried out using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. Logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors at 95% confidence intervals.Results:Mean age of respondents was 32.9 ± 9.4 years with 86.1% being females. Overall, slightly below two-third (63.0%) had good knowledge on transmission of HIV/AIDS while 218 (54.1%) respondents had a high stigmatising attitude towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace. More female respondents (69.6%) demonstrated high stigmatising attitudes towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace (p = 0.012). Female workers were twice more likely to have high stigmatising attitudes towards co-worker with HIV [OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.13 – 3.83)].Conclusion:Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDs is still very persistent in different settings. Good knowledge amongst our participants about HIV/AIDs did not translate to low stigmatising attitudes among workers. Concerted efforts and trainings on the transmission of HIV/AIDs are essential to reduce stigma that is still very prevalent in workplace settings.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school-going adolescents in rural Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽  
Samuel Kofi Odame
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractSuicidal ideation is a critical risk for attempted suicide and eventual suicide. Little is known about suicidal ideation among rural adolescents in most sub-Saharan African countries. We aimed to estimate the 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and to describe some of the common and gender-specific associated factors among in-school adolescents in rural Ghana. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving a random sample of 1101 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years in a rural district in Eastern Ghana. The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal ideation. Overall, 25.1% participants (95% CI = 22.5–27.7), representing 28.3% females (95% CI = 24.7–32.2) and 21.5% males (95% CI = 18.0–25.2) reported suicidal ideation during the previous 12 months. Females who experienced personal and interpersonal adversities mainly outside the family context were likely to report suicidal ideation, while suicidal ideation among males was associated with conflict with parents. Regardless of gender, adolescents who reported exposure to a friend’s attempted suicide were about two times more likely to report suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents in rural Ghana compares with in-school estimates from other countries within sub-Saharan Africa, but also underscores the need for targeted and universal prevention programmes and intervention efforts to mitigate the potential transition from suicidal ideations to suicidal attempts and eventual deaths by suicide among rural adolescents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Pregnancy Self-Testing Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Njeri Nganga ◽  
Julia Dettinger ◽  
John Kinuthia ◽  
Jared Baeten ◽  
Grace John-Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa little is known about how often women use pregnancy self-tests or characteristics of these women despite evidence that pregnancy self-testing is associated with early antenatal care (ANC) attendance. Understanding the characteristics of women who use pregnancy self-tests may facilitate early access to ANC and preventive interventions in pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on an ongoing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation study which enrolled pregnant women to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pregnancy self-testing among women in western Kenya. Overall in our study population, the prevalence of pregnancy self-testing was 22% and higher among women who were employed, currently in school, had previous pregnancy complications, received services from urban health facilities, and had partners who had at least attended secondary school. The most reported reasons for non-use of pregnancy self-tests included not thinking it was necessary, lack of knowledge, and lack of money to pay for the test. Future research should focus on understanding the knowledge and attitudes of women toward pregnancy self-testing.

scholarly journals Instrumen Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Anak Terinfeksi HIV

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Toha Muhaimin ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Dharmayati B. Utoyo ◽  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Triyanti Anugrahini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Anak penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia memperlihatkan tren yang semakin meningkat karena meningkatnya proporsi perempuan terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pertimbangan pada dampak besar yang dihadapi anak penderita HIV mendorong kebutuhan pengembangan instrumen khusus untuk mengukur kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen kualitas hidup anak penderita AIDS dengan memodifikasi instrumenyang ada sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hasil bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan mempunyai reliabilitas yang cukup baik pada balita dan anak usia 5 – 11 tahun. Nilai reliabilitas (Cronbach’s Alpha) balita, domain fungsi fisik, fungsi sosial, dan gejala HIV masing masing adalah 0,71; 0,72; dan 0,88, sedangkan pada anak 5 – 11 tahun, domain fungsi-fungsi fisik, psikologis, sosial, sekolah, dan gejala terkait HIV masing-masing 0,76; 0,89; 0,67; 0,67; dan 0,88. Penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk konteks Indonesia, nilai ambang batas CD4 yang menunjukkan perbedaan kualitas hidup adalah 15%. Pada balita, dari berbagai ketiga domain, hanya domain gejala terkait HIV yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak, sementara pada anak 5 – 11 hanya domain fungsi fisik dan fungsi psikologis yang cukup sensitif untuk mendeteksi perbedaan kualitas hidup anak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak HIV pada anak masih terkonsentrasi pada gangguan fungsi fisik, fungsi psikologis, dan gejala terkait HIV.Kata kunci: Instrumen pengukuran, anak terinfeksi HIV, kualitas hidupAbstractChildren with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia are increasing due to the increase of woman with HIV. A special instrument for measuring quality of life (QoL) of children with HIV is needed to be developed as the great impact of the infection to children. This study was conducted by modifying the existing QoL instrument of children for Indonesian context. The study indicated that thereliability of the instrument is quite good both for children under 5 and 5 – 11 years old. Reliability values (Cronbach’s Alpha) for under 5, domains of physical function, social function, and HIV-related symptoms are 71, 72, and 88 respectively while for children 5 – 11 years old, domains of physical, psychological, social, and school functions, and HIV-related symptoms are 76, 89, 67, 67, and 88 respectively. The study showed, for Indonesian context, 15% of CD4 is indicated as the threshold to detect the difference of QoL forchildren with HIV. However, for under 5 years old, only questions of HIV-related symptoms domain which is sensitive to detect difference QoL, whereas for children of 5 – 11 years old, the questions concerning physical and psychological domains which are sensitive to detect difference QoL. The study indicated that the impact of HIV on children is mostly on physical andpsychological functions and HIV-related symptoms.Key words: Measurement instrument, children with HIV, quality of life

scholarly journals Strengthening district healthcare in rural Africa: a cross-sectional survey assessing difficulties in pulse oximetry use and handoff practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Masigati ◽  
Grant W. Potter ◽  
Masahiro J. Morikawa ◽  
Rashid S. Mfaume
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Reporting ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Developing Settings

Background: Rural hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from numerous disparities in resources and practices, and subsequently patient care is affected.Methods: In order to assess current practices and opportunities for improvement in pulse oximetry use and patient-care handoffs, a cross-sectional survey was administered to clinicians at a referral level hospital serving a large rural area in Shinyanga, Tanzania.Results: Respondents (n=46) included nurses (50%), medical doctors (48%), and clinical officers (2%). A response rate of 92% was achieved, and 81% of clinicians acknowledged routine difficulties in the use of current devices when obtaining pulse oximetry. Although 83% of respondents reported using a written handoff at shift change, information reporting was inconsistent and rarely included specific management guidance.Conclusions: Further research is needed to elucidate handoff practices in developing settings, but there is a large opportunity for novel point-of-care devices and tools to improve both pulse oximetry use and patient care handoffs in rural Africa.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rahmah Fitrianingsih ◽  
Yulia Irvani Dewi ◽  
Rismadefi Woferst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular dan mematikan juga merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh.Kelompok yang rentan adalah IRT. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku pencegahan yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik cluster sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk variabel faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat menunjukkan mayoritas IRT berada dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun (37%), beragama Islam (94%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (46%), istri yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (88%), dan suami yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (95%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p value 0.023) dan pendidikan ( p value 0.004) terhadap perilaku pencegahan. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah sikap (p value 0.199), ekonomi (p value 0.641) dan lama menikah (p value 0.275) terhadap perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan IRT lebih peduli terhadap kesehatannya dengan melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS.

Youth Empowerment as a Pathway towards Attaining the Demographic Dividend in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudious Chikozho ◽  
Emmanuel Sekyere ◽  
Akanganngang Joseph Asitik
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sub Saharan

While empowerment of the youth in Ghana could enable them to make a more meaningful contribution to the economy, a myriad of challenges faces the youth during their transition from school into the employment sector and limits the realisation of their full potential. As a result, the recent and significant increase in the size of the youth population in Ghana cannot justifiably be romanticised as an obvious stepping stone towards the realisation of a demographic dividend. In this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were deployed to carry out a cross-sectional survey that enabled a detailed exploration of the main challenges and opportunities facing the youth in Ghana. Some of the options for enabling greater youth empowerment in the country were also identified. The study established that unemployment, skills limitations, lack of access to finance, and poorly coordinated institutional structures for implementing youth empowerment policies and programmes are major barriers to youth empowerment in Ghana. We conclude that there is a need for more targeted interventions that address these challenges and leverage any evident opportunities available for increased youth empowerment before Ghana can confidently expect to reap a demographic dividend.

scholarly journals Contribution of HIV Infection, AIDS, and Antiretroviral Therapy to Exocrine Pathogenesis in Salivary and Lacrimal Glands

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Nizamuddin ◽  
Peter Koulen ◽  
Carole McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The structure and function of exocrine glands are negatively affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its co-morbidities, including innate and adaptive immune responses. At the same time, exocrine function may also be influenced by pharmacotherapies directed at the infectious agents. Here, we briefly review the role of the salivary glands and lacrimal glands in normal physiology and exocrine pathogenesis within the context of HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including the contribution of antiretroviral therapies on both. Subsequently, we discuss the impact of HIV infection and the types of antiretroviral therapy on disease management and therapy development efforts.

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