scholarly journals Preliminary Study: Detection of Ecto and Endoparasites Among Wild Rats From Urban Area in Blimbing, Malang, East Java

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Shelly Kusuma ◽  
Reza Yesica ◽  
Ida Bagus Gde Rama Wisesa ◽  
Jenny Hermanto ◽  
Yustia Nurholizah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽  
Live Trap ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata

Zoonotic parasitic infections is one of the global public health issues. The complex parasite transmission allows for the relationship between people, animals, vectors, and the environment. The existence of rat in the environment has an important role as a host and reservoir for various types of ecto and endoparasites. This study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rats in Blimbing sub-district, Malang city, East Java. A total number of eight wild rat were captured using live-traps from landfills during 4 days. They were classified by sex, weight and body length. The rats were anesthetized, collecting for any ectoparasites and then their carcasses were dissected for examinations of endoparasites. The result of this study show succesfull live-trap of rodents including Rattus norvegicus (87.5%) and Suncus murinus (12.5%). 50% of sampled rodents were male, 37.5% were female, and 12.5% of female the musk shrew. The presence of helminthes infection in all wild rats, namely Hymenolopis nana, Syphacia obvelata, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Furthermore, the ectoparasites identification were Xenopsylla cheopis, Echinolaelap echidninus, and blood protozoa identifications Trypanosoma lewisi. Based on the results show 100% of wild rats positive infections of endo-ectoparasites. This study indicates to continuous study among rodents’ parasites in wild rats in different urban areas and analysis of their potential impact on public health.

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

scholarly journals National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Arcelia González-García ◽  
Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽  
Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
Lilia González-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

Assessing an Adaptation of the Universal Parasite Diagnostic Assay for Bloodborne Parasites in a US State Public Health Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Clemons ◽  
Joel Barratt ◽  
Meredith Lane ◽  
Yvonne Qvarnstrom ◽  
Allen E. Teal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

For complex clinical cases where a parasitic infection is suspected, it can be difficult for clinicians to recommend an appropriate laboratory test. These tests are usually pathogen-specific and require a certain degree of suspicion for the precise etiology. Recently, Flaherty et al. (2021) described an assay, the universal parasite diagnostic (UPDx) that can potentially provide a diagnosis of any parasite present in a specimen. Using primers that amplify DNA from all eukaryotes, UPDx differentiates several parasitic infections in blood by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 18S rDNA locus. As the state’s public health reference laboratory, the Parasitology Laboratory at the Wadsworth Center (New York, NY) receives specimens from patients who have potentially encountered a wide variety of parasites. As such, the ability to differentiate several blood parasites using a single assay is of interest. We assessed UPDx for its ability to confirm parasitic infections for 20 specimens that were previously identified by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). This included specimens positive for Babesia microti, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania tropica, various Plasmodium species, and specimens comprising mixed Plasmodium sp. infections. Results obtained using UPDx were largely concordant with the RT-PCR assays. A T. cruzi positive specimen was negative by UPDx and for two mixed Plasmodium sp. infections only one species was detected. The results obtained for other specimens were concordant. We conclude that UPDx shows promise for the detection of blood parasites in diagnostic laboratories. As NGS becomes cheaper, assays like UPDx will become increasingly amenable to use in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Pattern of parasitic infections as public health problem among school children: A comparative study between rural and urban areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Saad R. Alsubaie ◽  
Ahmed A. Azazy ◽  
Eltigani O. Omer ◽  
Latifa A. Al-shibani ◽  
Abdulsalam Q. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals A cross-sectional analysis of intestinal parasitic infections among the general population in north of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Abdol Sattar Pagheh ◽  
Mahdi Sharif ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani-Charati ◽  
Eisa Nazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
North Of Iran

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the most important health problems in the developing countries. Study on the prevalence of IPIs in various communities is a prerequisite for the development of appropriate control strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among the general population in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Methodology: This study was conducted on 4,788 specimens collected from 17 urban areas (2,515 samples) and 34 rural areas (2,273 samples) within January-December 2016. Fecal specimens were examined by direct wet mounting, formalin-ether concentration, modified Ziehl–Neelsen, and trichrome staining methods. Results: The overall infection rate of intestinal parasite was 14.2% (680/ 4,788). Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were identified as the most frequent parasites. Protozoa, helminths, and polyparasitism (co-infections with two or more parasite species) were observed in 12.3%, 1.03%, and 0.85% of the specimens, respectively. Furthermore, IPIs showed a significant association with household income, place of residence, washing of vegetables, exposure to soil and season (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, parasitic infections are still a major public health concern in the north of Iran that requires special attention. Therefore, the major key to success in the prevention of IPIs is the execution of some interventions, including patient screening and treatment, public education, and improvement of sanitary conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in patients attending National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, from 2013 to 2015: A retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Karma Norbu ◽  
Adeep Mongar ◽  
Nima Dorji ◽  
Leki D. Drukpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Infection with intestinal parasites continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. There is no information on the prevalence of these intestinal parasites in patients visiting the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods: The study utilized information of stool data from 2013 to 2015 and was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Wet and Iodine mount technique were used for identification. Results: The overall intestinal prevalence rate was 2.1%. Out of 5919 stool samples, Giardia lamblia has the highest rate of 0.93%, followed by Entamoeba coli 0.15%, Trichomonahomonis 0.19% and Taeniaspp. 0.17%.Giardia lamblia infection was 1.03% in males and 0.85% in females. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infections was highest in >56 years age group with 2.83% in females and 2.0% in males. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites is a concern in the country. Furthermore, this study provides insights to develop effective public health intervention for reducing parasitic infections in the country.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) level of parasite infection among adults in Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1632-1638
Author(s):  
Mehru Nisha ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Ab Talib ◽  
Naim Khir ◽  
Intan Sufinaz Daud ◽  
Fabian Davamani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Google Docs ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Live Organism

Parasites are live organism that lives in a host to obtain the nutrients for their survival. Parasitic infections are commonly as seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These parasitic infections can be caused by protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites. However, the knowledge of parasitic infections could vary among the adults in urban or semi urban areas where parasitic infections are rare among them. This study was conducted to detect the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of parasite infection among adults in Selangor. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Around 59 participants from Selangor district in the age group of 21 to 60 years responded to the questionnaire. The results of this research was analysed by Google Docs software. According to the result obtained, the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of adults towards parasite infection is highly satisfactory. As majority of participants (76.3%, n=45) are familiar with the symptom of intestinal parasitic infection, majority of contributors (93.2%, n=55) practice the correct way in processing the meat by cooking the meat thoroughly, and some of the participants (14.9%, n=9) were aware of malaria as the high risk of being contagious in Selangor district. The level of knowledge, awareness and practice of parasite infection among adults in Selangor is adequately high. However, it is still necessary for these populations to get more exposed the information on parasite infection.

scholarly journals A vicious cycle of helminth infections: Current sanitation status and practices that led to continued STH transmission in rural communities in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Joy Lorenzo ◽  
Charmaine Joy Berte ◽  
Dazzle Kane Cortel ◽  
Duane Raphael Manzanilla ◽  
Christian Anthony Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Helminth Infections

Abstract BackgroundHelminth infections among children remains a public health concern despite continued deworming activities conducted in all public schools nationwide. Access to improved sanitation facilities not only leads to continued practice of open defecation predispose children to this intestinal parasitic infection. This study aim to characterize the sanitation situation and practices among households as well as their deworming practices and associate it with the prevalence in two rural communities in San Pascual, Masbate, Philippines. MethodsA survey of 234 randomly selected households from the two barangays was conducted followed by stool screening using Kato-Katz method from 586 children and adolescents below 18 years old was done in June 2019. ResultsThe survey showed that 33.28% of households do not have access to sanitary toilet and open defecation was practiced by 53.92% of surveyed households. More than half of the households (60.75%) surveyed also reported “poso” as their source of drinking water. The survey also revealed that households have high scores in the knowledge, attitude, and practices or KAP section of the survey. The over-all cumulative prevalence rate was at 41.6% moderate to light intensity infection rate. ConclusionAmong the variables tested, only the source of drinking water, attitude scores, and MDA participation showed association with having helminth infection among children. The study highlights the importance of advocating multi-sectoral approach in addressing persistent public health issues like the intestinal parasitic infections among children. Moreover, this study provides valuable information needed to support strategies like community-led total sanitation or CLTS as a potential strategy addressing both sanitation and public health dilemma.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated factors among children in Puducherry, South India: A community-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganya Jeyaram ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Saya ◽  
Nonika Rajkumari ◽  
Revathi Ulaganeethi ◽  
Pritam Kumar Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research

Abstract There is paucity of studies at community level on prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among under eighteen years age group. This cross-sectional community-based research aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal worm infections and its associated risk factors among 1 to 18 years age group in Puducherry, India. Sociodemographic, behavioral and other associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. One stool sample was collected from each participant and examined using direct (saline/iodine wet mount) and concentration (floatation/sedimentation) microscopic techniques. Log binomial regression analysis was used to find the factors independently associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Of 187 participants who provided the stool sample, 25 (13.4%) had at least one of the parasitic infections and among them 12 (6.4%) had Soil Transmitted Helminth infection (STH) and 13 (6.9%) had intestinal protozoan parasites. Parasitic infection is marginally higher among 1 to 7 years age group (14.4%) compared to 8 to 18 years age group (12.1%). After adjusting for confounding, urban residence (APR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4-8.0) and open-air defecation (APR = 3.3, 95 % CI 1.4–7.5) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. One out of eight children had any of the parasitic infection and nearly 50% of parasitic infections were caused by STH. Those children residing in urban areas and practice of open-air defecation had higher prevalence of parasitic infection.

Helminth composition and prevalence of indigenous and invasive synanthropic murid rodents in urban areas of Gauteng Province, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Julius ◽  
E.V. Schwan ◽  
C.T. Chimimba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Mastomys Coucha

AbstractAlthough synanthropic rodents such as the indigenous species, Mastomys coucha, and the invasive species, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and R. tanezumi, are well-known to be hosts to various micro- and macroparasites, their helminth parasite fauna is poorly studied in South Africa. In an attempt to remedy the situation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the helminth fauna of these sympatric rodent species, which were obtained from the informal settlements of Alexandra, Tembisa, Diepsloot and residential suburbs of Pretoria and Hammanskraal, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Helminths were recovered from the urinary bladder, liver and gastrointestinal tract and were identified morphologically and molecularly. The recovered nematodes were all rodent-specific and included Aspiculuris tetraptera, Eucoleus sp., Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Protospirura sp., Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Trichuris sp. and Trichosomoides crassicauda. Syphacia obvelata, a commensal nematode of laboratory rodents, was recovered from indigenous M. coucha. Strobilar stages of cestodes recovered included Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana and Inermicapsifer madagascariensis. Recovered metacestodes were strobilocerci of Hydatigera taeniaeformis from all three invasive Rattus species and coenurostrobilocerci of Hydatigera parva from M. coucha. An acanthocephalan, Moniliformis moniliformis, was recovered from R. rattus only. All rodent species examined showed high helminth infection prevalence (≥70%) with equal or higher nematode than cestode prevalence. Mastomys coucha, however, showed significantly lower cestode prevalence than Rattus species where they co-occur. Interspecific transmission of helminths likely occurs between invasive and indigenous rodents, and these rodents harbour several helminths that have zoonotic implications.

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