scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant-Bacterial Infection of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Ulcers: A Narrative Review on a Healing Ointment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Jaka Aryantara Kuntala ◽  
Mutmainnah Agustiawan Umar ◽  
Qurrotu Ayni ◽  
Dimas Andrianto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
High Production ◽  
Leg Amputation ◽  
High Production Level

Gangrene is the main reason why diabetes mellitus patient’s leg amputation should be done. Natural compounds which are contained in coffee grounds extract can actually act as antibacterial substances by inhibiting the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that resistant to several antibiotics. Coffee grounds become waste caused by people are underusing this material and the high production level of coffee grounds in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of antimicrobial compounds from coffee grounds that can heal wounds caused by diabetes mellitus and to create a formulation of coffee ground based ointment for diabetes mellitus wound healing.  Methods used in this research are narrative review from literatures, normality test, and T-test. The conclusion of this narrative review, natural compounds such a trigonelline, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid found in coffee grounds are capable of MRSA growth inhibition at concentration 44%. Coffee grounds based ointment with 1% (w/w) of ointment preparation is expected to reduce coffee grounds waste by developing new product as diabetes mellitus wound healer.

Iron status in diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
High Production

Diabetes mellitus can be defined as chronic metabolic disease which results from either relative or complete absence of insulin by the pancreatic beta islet cells. This in-turn may lead to hyperglycemia due to disturbances in the metabolism of glucose. In the human body, iron is con- sidered to be an effective pro-oxidant and participates in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical. Because of the poor antioxidant defense mechanism of beta cells (low production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and dismutase), so they are highly prone to iron-induced oxidative stress and iron deposition in it and this will lead to apoptosis, and subsequently insulin deficiency. This iron deposition in beta cells will also lead to insulin resistance by reducing insulin extracting ability of the liver and inhibiting glucose uptake in muscle tissues and fats, this in turn will result in high production of hepatic glucose. Ferritin which is an acute phase reactant protein, that responds to acute stress like trauma, infections, tissue necrosis and surgery, it can produce diabetes mellitus either through inflammation or by increasing iron stores.

The Role of Plant-Derived Compounds in Managing Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature from 2014 To 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba A.S. El-Nashar ◽  
Nada M. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed El-Shazly ◽  
Omayma A. Eldahshan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Sensitizing Effect

Background:: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion or failure of insulin activity. There is an imperative need for the discovery of alternative therapeutic agents that overcome the drawbacks of the current synthetic antidiabetic drugs. Objectives:: This review critically summarizes the reports on the known and novel natural compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins with a potent antidiabetic activity that were recently published from 2014 to 2019. We discussed the underlying mechanisms of action that put these compounds in the category of effective antidiabetic candidates. Methods: Information was obtained from Google Scholar, Scirus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Discussion and Conclusion:: The reported natural compounds showed promising antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms such as the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, insulin-sensitizing effect, direct action on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), GLUT4 expression, insulin receptor substrate- 1 (IRS-1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Some compounds inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Other compounds prevented the risk of diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and nephropathy. This review provides a critical overview of the most recent discoveries of antidiabetic agents from natural sources. This overview could help researchers to focus on the most prominent candidates aiming to develop new drug leads.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Performance Optimisation of Fuel Pellets Comprising Pepper Stem and Coffee Grounds through Mixing Ratios and Torrefaction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4667
Author(s):  
Sunyong Park ◽  
Hui-Rim Jeong ◽  
Yun-A Shin ◽  
Seok-Jun Kim ◽  
Young-Min Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Agricultural by-products have several disadvantages as fuel, such as low calorific values and high ash contents. To address these disadvantages, this study examined the mixing of agricultural by-products and spent coffee grounds, for use as a solid fuel, and the improvement of fuel characteristics through torrefaction. Pepper stems and spent coffee grounds were first dried to moisture contents of <15% and then combined, with mixing ratios varying from 9:1 to 6:4. Fuel pellets were produced from these mixtures using a commercial pelletiser, evaluated against various standards, and classified as grade A, B, or Bio-SRF. The optimal ratio of pepper stems to spent coffee grounds was determined to be 8:2. The pellets were torrefied to improve their fuel characteristics. Different torrefaction temperatures improved the mass yields of the pellets to between 50.87% and 88.27%. The calorific value increased from 19.9% to 26.8% at 290 °C. The optimal torrefaction temperature for coffee ground pellets was 230 °C, while for other pellets, it was 250 °C. This study provides basic information on the potential enhancement of agricultural by-products for fuel applications.

3D printing of spent coffee ground derived biochar reinforced epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110022
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alhelal ◽  
Zaheeruddin Mohammed ◽  
Shaik Jeelani ◽  
Vijaya K Rangari
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground ◽  
3D Printed

Semi-crystalline carbon biochar is derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG) by a controlled pyrolysis process at high temperature/pressure conditions. Obtained biochar is characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. Biochar particles are in the micrometer range with nanostructured morphologies. The SCG biochar thus produced is used as reinforcement in epoxy resin to 3 D print samples using the direct-write (DW) method with 1 and 3 wt. % loadings. Rheology results show that the addition of biochar makes resin viscous, enabling it to be stable soon after print; however, it could also lead to clogging of resin in printer head. The printed samples are characterized for chemical, thermal and mechanical properties using FTIR, TGA, DMA and flexure tests. Storage modulus improved with 1 wt. % biochar addition up to 27.5% and flexural modulus and strength increased up to 55.55% and 43.30% respectively. However, with higher loading of 3 wt. % both viscoelastic and flexural properties of 3D printed samples drastically reduced thus undermining the feasibility of 3D printing biochar reinforced epoxies at higher loadings.

scholarly journals Coaggregation of Asthma and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Laura Sgrazzutti ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
Marina Attanasi ◽  
Sabrina Di Pillo ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Th 1 ◽  
Th1 And Th2

Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. In children, the incidence of both diseases is steadily increasing worldwide. In this narrative review, we report the evidence of the potential link between asthma and T1DM in childhood. We discuss which molecular mechanisms could be involved in the link between asthma and T1DM, such as genetic predisposition, cytokine patterns, and environmental influences. Cytokine profile of children with asthma and T1DM shows an activation of both Th1 and Th2 pathways, suggesting a complex genetic-epigenetic interaction. In conclusion, in children, the potential link between asthma and T1DM needs further investigation to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these patients. The aim of this review is to invite the pediatricians to consider the potential copresence of these two disorders in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and Role of Telemedicine in its Management: Narrative Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Bano ◽  
Savera Aziz Ali ◽  
Minaz Mawani ◽  
Sumera Aziz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Narrative Review

scholarly journals Research progress of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3423-3437
Author(s):  
Hong Ouyang ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Mureish ◽  
Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Research Progress
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