scholarly journals DAYA SAING MINYAK SAWIT DAN DAMPAK RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE (RED) UNI EROPA TERHADAP EKSPOR INDONESIA DI PASAR UNI EROPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Gisa Rachma Khairunisa ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Lost Opportunity

<p>Minyak sawit dalam bentuk <em>Crude Palm Oil</em> merupakan komoditi ekspor unggulan Indonesia.Indonesia merupakan produsen dan eksportir minyak sawit terbesar di dunia.Uni Eropa merupakan pengimpor minyak sawit Indonesia terbesar kedua setelah India, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kondisi ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia.Pada tahun 2009 Uni Eropa mengeluarkan kebijakan<em>Renewable Energy Directive </em>yang dapat berdampak kepada ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendekripsikan gambaran umum minyak sawit, menganalisis posisi daya saing minyak sawit Indonesia menggunakan metode <em>Revealed Comparative Advantage </em>(RCA) dan <em>Export Product Dynamics</em> (EPD) serta menganalisis dampak kebijakan <em>Renewable Energy Directive</em> terhadap terhadap kinerja ekspor minyak sawit Indonesia dengan menggunakan <em>gravity model</em>. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa minyak sawit Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif (nilai RCA&gt;1). Analisis EPD minyak sawit Indonesia di pasar Uni Eropa berada pada posisi“<em>Rising Star”</em>, Jepang berada di posisi “<em>Retreat” </em>dan Jerman berada pada posisi“<em>Lost Opportunity”</em>. Hasil analisis <em>gravity model</em> menunjukkan GDP perkapita Indonesia, populasi negaratujuan, jarak ekonomi, dan kebijakan <em>Renewable Energy Directive </em>signifikan memengaruhi nilai ekspor minyak sawit, sedangkan nilai tukar riil Indonesia tidak berpengaruhsignifikan.</p>

DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Domestic Use

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

scholarly journals FASILITASI PERDAGANGAN DAN EKSPOR MANUFAKTUR UNGGULAN INDONESIA KE RCEP

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Siti Mardiah
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Export Product

Fasilitasi perdagangan telah menjadi perhatian berbagai negara dan berperan penting dalam efisiensi perdagangan. Manufaktur adalah salah satu produk eskpor yang memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Namun nilai ekspor manufaktur Indonesia ke RCEP selama periode 2012-2016 mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sektor unggulan manufaktur Indonesia dan menganalisis dampak fasilitasi perdagangan terhadap ekspor manufaktur unggulan Indonesia ke RCEP. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder periode 2012-2016 dengan metode analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD) dan gavity model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekspor manufaktur unggulan Indonesia ke RCEP adalah kayu, barang dari kayu dan anyaman. PDB RCEP, Populasi RCEP, Burden of Customs Procedures (BOCP) RCEP, e-business RCEP dan dummy contiguity memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan jarak, nilai tukar dan Service Sector Infrastructure (SSI) RCEP berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor kayu, barang dari kayu dan anyaman Indonesia.   Trade facilitation has come to concern of various countries and has an important role in efficiency of trade. Manufacturing is one of the export products that has a very important role for Indonesian economy. However, the Indonesia's manufacturing export value to RCEP during the 2012-2016 period has decreased. This research was aimed to identify the Indonesia’s main manufacturing to RCEP and to analyze the influence of trade facilitation on Indonesia's main manufacturing export to RCEP market. The research used secondary data between 2012 and 2016. The methods used are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD) and gravity model. The results showed that Indonesia’s main manufacturing exports are wood, goods from wood and webbing. GDP, population, Burden of Customs (BOCP), e-business and dummy contiguity have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian exports. Meanwhile, distance, exchange rate and Service Sector Infrastructure (SSI) RCEP has a negative and significant effect on wood, goods from wood and webbing exports.

scholarly journals THE PROGRESSIVE EXPORT TAX AND INDONESIA’S PALM OIL PRODUCT EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-232
Author(s):  
Immanuel ◽  
Suharno ◽  
Amzul Rifin
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Export Share ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Export Shares ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Refined Palm Oil ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Abstrak Hubungan antara daya saing produk kelapa sawit dan intervensi kebijakan pemerintah di Indonesia masih sering menjadi perdebatan diantara pemangku kepentingan. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara pajak ekspor progresif dengan perubahan pangsa ekspor CPO Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Refined Palm Oil (RPO) serta mengkaji daya saing kedua komoditi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Revealed Compared Advantage (RCA) dan Export Product Dynamic (EPD) untuk mengukur perubahan pangsa ekspor serta tingkat daya saing produk CPO dan RPO ke negara tujuan utama ekspor. Untuk melihat dampak kebijakan tersebut, kajian ini membandingkan sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukannya kebijakan pajak ekspor progresif pada akhir tahun 2007 dan menggunakan data bulanan ekspor produk CPO dan RPO periode 1997-2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa setelah diberlakukannya pajak ekspor progresif, pada komoditi CPO telah terjadi penurunan pangsa ekspor sebesar 21% dan pergeseran tingkat daya saing produk dari posisi Rising Star ke Lost Opportunity. Sebaliknya pada komoditi RPO terjadi peningkatan pangsa ekspor dan daya saing dari Falling Star ke Rising Star. Peningkatan pangsa ekspor dan daya saing RPO merupakan salah satu pencapaian dari tujuan kebijakan pajak ekspor. Analisis ini memberikan catatan penting bagi pemerintah dalam membuka alternatif pasar baru dengan tetap mempertahankan pangsa ekspor di negara tujuan ekspor utama. Kata Kunci: CPO, Pajak Ekspor, Daya saing, RCA, EPD   Abstract The relationship between Indonesia’s palm oil product competitiveness and the government's policy intervention is still disputable among stakeholders. This research analyzes the association between the progressive export tax and the changes in export shares of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Refined Palm Oil (RPO) as well as the competitiveness of both commodities. Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and export product dynamic (EPD) are used to measure the change in the export shares of CPO and RPO as well as of their export competitiveness to the main destination countries. To examine the impact of this policy, this research compares before and after the enactment of a progressive export tax policy at the end of 2007 and uses monthly export data for CPO and RPO products for the period 1997-2018. The result finds that after the enactment of the progressive export tax of CPO , the export share of CPO declined by 21% and the level of competitiveness of CPO products moved from Rising Star to Lost Opportunity compared with the condition during 1997-2007. In contrast, the export share of RPO products increased and its competitiveness level moved to a better position from Falling Star to Rising Star. Although shifting the export value of both CPO and RPO, as one of the objectives of the implementation of the export tax, was achieved, this study is highlighting essential commentary in which policymaker still needs to search for new export markets while maintaining export shares in the main export destinations. Keywords: CPO, Export Tax, Competitiveness, RCA, EPD JEL Classification: Q17, F13, O24

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMPARATIF CPO INDONESIA DI NEGARA TUJUAN UTAMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sukirno Sukirno ◽  
Muhamad Mustopa Romdhon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia dan posisi daya saing CPO Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Utama.  Tulisan menggunakan data sekunder runut waktu dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2019 yaitu data nilai ekspor, volume ekspor, nilai impor, volume impor, Produk Domestik Bruto, dan Nilai Tukar.  Metode Analisis yang digunakan yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Export Product Dynamic (EPD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan skor RCA Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, dan Papua Nugini bernilai di atas satu (> 1).  Posisi daya saing Indonesia, Malaysia dan Papua Nugini berada pada kategori Rising Star kecuali Nigeria berada pada kategori Lost Opportunity. Kesimpulan CPO berasal dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, dan Papua Nugini memiliki daya saing komparatif dibandingkan negara lain.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR PASAR DAN DAYA SAING KARET ALAM INDONESIA DI AMERIKA SERIKAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Birka Septy Sembiring ◽  
Yusman Syaukat ◽  
Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Abstrak Karet alam Indonesia berperan penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian nasional melalui ekspor karet alam ke berbagai negara, termasuk ke Amerika Serikat. Dalam upaya mengembangkan ekspor karet alamnya, Indonesia perlu melakukan kalkulasi posisi dan daya saing karet alam di antara negara-negara pesaing serta peluang pasarnya ke Amerika Serikat yang memiliki permintaan impor relatif tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis struktur pasar, serta keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif karet alam Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Analisis dilakukan selama periode tahun 2008-2019 menggunakan metode Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan Diamond’s Porter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur pasar karet alam Indonesia cenderung oligopoli. Dibandingkan dengan negara-negara eksportir lainnya, karet alam Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di pasar Amerika Serikat. Keunggulan kompetitif karet alam Indonesia di Amerika Serikat mengalami penurunan dari posisi lost opportunity pada periode pertama (2008-2011) menjadi retreat pada periode ketiga (2016-2019). Hasil dari Diamond’s Porter menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh faktor keunggulan kompetitif dan tiga faktor kelemahan dalam industri karet alam di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Concentration Ratio, Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Herfindahl Index, RCA Abstract Indonesian natural rubber plays a significant role in improving the national economy through exports of natural rubber to various countries, including the United States. In an effort to develop its natural rubber exports, Indonesia needs to calculate the position and competitiveness of natural rubber among competing countries and its market opportunities to the United States, which has a relatively high import demand. The purpose of this study is to analyze the market structure, as well as the comparative and competitive advantages of Indonesian natural rubber in the United States market. The analysis was carried out during the period 2008-2019 using the methods Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR4), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and Diamond's Porter. The results of the analysis show that the structure of the Indonesian natural rubber market tends to be an oligopoly. Compared to other exporting countries, Indonesian natural rubber has a comparative advantage in the United States market. The competitiveness of Indonesian natural rubber in the US decline over time from the lost opportunity position in the first period (2008-2011) to retreat in the third period (2016-2019). The Diamond's Porter results show that there are seven competitive advantage factors and three weakness factors in Indonesia's natural rubber industry. Keywords: Concentration Ratio, Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Herfindahl Index, RCA JEL Classification: F13, F15, F18

scholarly journals The Prospects and The Competitiveness of Textile Commodities and Indonesian Textile Product in the Global Market

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dwi Prasetyani ◽  
Ali Zainal Abidin ◽  
Nanda Adhi Purusa ◽  
Fahrein All Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Textile Product ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Lost Opportunity

This study has two objectives: first, to test the competitiveness of Textile Commodities and Indonesian Textile Product (TPT) in the global market and identify the prospects of the new export markets. Second, identify the competitiveness of the textile industry using case studies in the Solo Raya region. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) methods are using in this study. The results show that Indonesian TPT commodities have a lost opportunity category in the central export destinations countries, such as a decline in market share. Indonesian TPT commodities have prospects in Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Qatar, and Sweden due to competitiveness and domination in the market. Besides, the condition of the Indonesian textile industry competitiveness shows low competitiveness in terms of factor conditions, demand conditions, supporting and related industries, strategy, structure, and competition that are components of Porter's diamond model.JEL Classification: L6, L67How to Cite:Prasetyani, D., Abidin, A. Z., Purusa, N. A., & Sandra, F. A. (2020). The Prospects and The Competitiveness of Textile Commodities and Indonesian Textile Product in the Global Market. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 1 – 18. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.12886.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VOLATILITAS NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR UTAMA PERTANIAN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186
Author(s):  
Eka Dewi Satriana ◽  
Harianto ◽  
Dominicus Savio Priyarsono
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Exports

Abstrak Nilai tukar merupakan salah satu aspek yang memengaruhi daya saing ekspor. Pada tahun 2013 hingga tahun 2015, volatilitas nilai tukar mengalami kenaikan, khususnya pada triwulan akhir tahun 2015 yaitu sebesar 16,90%. Kondisi ekspor utama pertanian Indonesia pada tahun tersebut rata-rata mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh volatilitas nilai tukar terhadap kinerja ekspor utama pertanian Indonesia ke negara mitra dagang utama dengan menggunakan gravity model. Ekspor utama pertanian yang dianalisis yaitu karet alam, kopi, udang, dan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Model ARCH-GARCH digunakan untuk mengukur volatilitas nilai tukar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas nilai tukar berpengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor karet alam, kopi, dan udang Indonesia. Artinya, semakin fluktuatif nilai tukar rupiah maka akan menurunkan ekspor karet alam, kopi, dan udang Indonesia ke negara mitra dagang utama. Pengaruh negatif tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya penghindaran risiko yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha. Beberapa rekomendasi hasil kajian yang dapat dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia adalah menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar, kemudahan akses ke lembaga keuangan, penerapan lindung nilai (hedging), kontrak jangka panjang (longterm contracts), dan menjaga pertumbuhan produksi komoditas. Kata Kunci: Volatilitas Nilai Tukar, Ekspor Utama Pertanian, Model ARCH-GARCH   Abstract The exchange rate is one aspect that affects export competitiveness. From 2013 to 2015, exchange rate volatility increased, especially in the final quarter of 2015, which was 16.90%. Indonesia's main agricultural export conditions in the year on average experienced a decline. This paper analyzes the effect of exchange rate volatility on the performance of Indonesia's main agricultural exports to major trading partner countries using the gravity model. The main agricultural exports analyzed were natural rubber, coffee, shrimp, and Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The ARCH-GARCH model is used to measure exchange rate volatility. The analysis shows that exchange rate volatility harms on Indonesia's exports of natural rubber, coffee, and shrimp. This means, the more the rupiah exchange rate fluctuates will reduce Indonesia's natural rubber, coffee and shrimp exports to the main trading partner countries. The negative influence also indicates the existence of risk aversion by business actors. Some recommendations for the Government of Indonesia based on the study findings are maintaining exchange rate stability, easy access to financial institutions, implementing hedging, long-term contracts, and maintaining commodity production growth. Keywords: Exchange Rate Volatility, Main Agricultural Exports, ARCH-GARCH Model JEL Classification: F14, F31, F41, Q17

scholarly journals DAYA SAING MINYAK SAWIT DAN DAMPAK RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE (RED) UNI EROPA TERHADAP EKSPOR INDONESIA DI PASAR UNI EROPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Gisa Rachma Khairunisa ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

<em>Palm oil is Indonesia's main export commodity. The EU is Indonesia's largest palm oil importer second after India, so it can affect the condition of Indonesia's palm oil exports. In 2009 the EU issued a Renewable Energy Directive that may have an impact on Indonesia's palm oil exports. The purpose of this study was to analyze the competitive position of Indonesian palm oil using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and the Export Product Dynamics (EPD) as well as analyze the impact of policies Renewable Energy Directive towards the export value of Indonesian palm oil using gravity models. RCA analysis results indicate that the Indonesian palm oil has a comparative advantage (RCA&gt; 1). Analysis of Indonesian palm oil EPD average is in position "Rising Star". The results of the analysis of gravity models show a real GDP per capita in the country of destination, the population of the country of destination, the export price of palm oil, and the Renewable Energy Directive policies significantly affect the value of exports of palm oil, while Indonesia and the real exchange rate had no significant effect within the economy.</em>

scholarly journals Observing European Union Rejection of Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil Exports from the Most Favored Nation and Quantitative Restriction Principles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Atik KRUSTIYATI ◽  
Sylvia JANISRIWATI ◽  
Novela CHRISTINE ◽  
Mokhamad Khoirul HUDA
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
Quantitative Restriction ◽  
Indirect Land Use Change

Crude palm oil is one of the main commodities exported by Indonesia to several countries, including European Union. The European Union has pushed through several laws regarding climate change, including the Renewable Energy Directive II. The regulation supplementing the Renewable Energy Directive II has also been adopted by the European Commission, making the criteria for determining the high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807. The objective of this paper is to observe if the measure taken by European Union on determining the indirect land-use change-risk feedstock has satisfied the existing WTO trade principles, the principle of most favored nation and the principle of quantitative restriction. The determining criteria in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 is trade restrictive and discriminating to the export of crude palm oil, as crude palm oil is the only feedstock that falls under the criteria of high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock. The regulation has impact for the consumption of crude palm oil in Member states of European Union should be gradually reduced 0% by 2030 at the latest.  As the provision on General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade embodies the principle of non-discrimination, the result of the study shows the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 has violated the international trade principles. Furthermore, the general exceptions of GATT 1994 contained in Article XX (b) also doesn’t justify the measure.

scholarly journals PERDAGANGAN INTRA-INDUSTRI ASEAN-5 TERHADAP INDIA DAN KOREA SELATAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utami Baroroh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Export Product

The aim of this research is to analyze the export product competitive advantage and trade’s flow in Indonesia and ASEAN to India and South Korea. Besides that, this research also mapping the opportunity and threat that show by Indonesian export characteristics through it competency and the composition of export products. The variables that used in this research are the total trade of iron ore, machine, and automotive from each countries, the world’s total trade, and export total from each countries. The methods that used were intra-industry trade (IIT) index and revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The result shows that in general the intra-industry trade for iron ore, machine, and automotive commodities in ASEAN-5 region and also India and South Korea in medium integration level. This implied the low dependency in economy. Besides that, the competition intensity level Indonesia to ASEAN-5 regions, India, and South Korea is decreasingDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v4i1.2292

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