CHARACTERISTIC OF SEDIMENT AT LEKOK COASTAL WATERS,  PASURUAN REGENCY, EAST JAVA

Sedimentation is one of the dynamics that occur in coastal areas to determine the condition of the coast. Lekok coastal water is one of the open water areas that have very fluctuating dynamics in coastal changes. The structural study of sediment distribution conducted in this location is used to provide information about the process of transportation and sedimentation based on the distribution of sediment grain size. This study aims to determine the horizontal grain sediment size in the Lekok coastal waters. This research was conducted at nine sampling points by sampling in the form of primary sediments randomly using the grab sampler method. Furthermore, further analysis is done by the gravimetric method. Based on the results of the study note that sediments characteristic in Lekok coastal water are generally dominated by three types of sediments, namely: sandy loam, loam, and silt loam. Sorting values are in a well-sorted to the moderately well-sorted condition where the sediment conditions are well sorted. The skewness value is skewed positively, where the value indicates a positive skewed sedimentary condition. The value of kurtosis is in the leptokurtic condition where the sediment from station 1 to station 9 is homogeneous.

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Chloride and Lithium Transport in Large Arrays of Undisturbed Silt Loam and Sandy Loam Soil Columns

Vadose Zone Journal ◽

10.2136/vzj2004.0316 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

M. Saleem Akhtar ◽

Tammo S. Steenhuis ◽

Brian K. Richards ◽

Murray B. McBride

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Soil Columns ◽

Lithium Transport ◽

Loam Soil

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Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽

Alejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez ◽

Sergio Mezquita-García ◽

Álvaro Rodríguez-González ◽

Guzmán Carro-Huerga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species

Spain has ranked 6th on the harvested bean area and 8th in bean production in the European Union (EU). The soils of this area have mixed silt loam and sandy loam texture, with moderate clay content, neutral or acidic pH, rich in organic matter and low carbonate levels, providing beans with high water absorption capacity and better organoleptic qualities after cooking. Similar to other crops, it is attacked by some phytopathogens. Hitherto, chemical methods have been used to control these organisms. However, with the Reform of the Community Agrarian Policy in the EU, the number of authorized plant protection products has been reduced to prevail food security, as well as to be sustainable in the long term, giving priority to the non-chemical methods that use biological agents, such as Trichoderma. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of various crop soil parameters in the adaptation of Trichoderma spp. autoclaved soils (AS) and natural soils (NS) from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Alubia La Bañeza—León” that were inoculated with Trichoderma velutinum T029 and T. harzianum T059 and incubated in a culture chamber at 25 °C for 15 days. Their development was determined by quantitative PCR. Twelve soil samples were selected and analyzed from the productive zones of Astorga, La Bañeza, La Cabrera, Esla-Campos and Páramo. Their physicochemical characteristics were different by zone, as the texture of soils ranged between sandy loam and silt loam and the pH between strongly acid and slightly alkaline, as well as the organic matter (OM) concentration between low and remarkably high. Total C and N concentrations and their ratio were between medium and high in most of the soils and the rest of the micronutrients had an acceptable concentration except for Paramo’s soil. Both Trichoderma species developed better in AS than in NS, T. velutinum T029 grew better with high levels of OM, total C, ratio C:N, P, K, Fe, and Zn than T. harzianum T059 in clay soils, with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Ca, Mg and Mn. These effects were validated by Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), texture, particularly clay concentration, OM, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (physical parameters) and B and Cu (soil elements) are the main factors explaining the influence in the Trichoderma development. OM, EC, C:N ratio and Cu are the main soil characteristics that influence in T. velutinum T029 development and pH in the development of T. harzianum T059.

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VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF LINGONBERRIES GROWN IN FOUR ALASKAN SUBSTRATES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-143 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 969-977 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PATRICIA S. HOLLOWAY ◽

ROBERT M. VAN VELDHUIZEN ◽

CECIL STUSHNOFF ◽

DAVID K. WILDUNG

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Stem Length ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Silt Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil

Vegetative growth of lingonberries was observed on plants growing in four unsterilized, native-Alaskan substrates: coarsely-ground Lemeta peat, Fairbanks silt loam soil, a mixture of peat and silt loam soil and washed Chena very fine sandy loam soil. Following three growing seasons, plants in the peat treatment showed the greatest increase in vegetative growth as revealed by the number of new stems produced, stem length and dry weight per plant. Leaf size did not differ among substrate treatments. The leaves on plants grown in the peat substrate remained green throughout the entire experiment. The leaves of plants in all other treatments showed varying degrees of chlorosis followed by reddening and necrosis. Differences in concentration of N, P, K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Al in whole-plant tissue samples were recorded. The results indicate lingonberries should be grown in a peat substrate for maximum growth and dry matter accumulation.

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SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION BASED ON GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES IN WEDA BAY, NORTHERN MALUKU

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v6i1.8644 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Septriono Hari Nugroho ◽

Abdul Basit

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Sediment Transport ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Deposition Process ◽

General Information ◽

Current Speed ◽

Sediment Grain Size ◽

Sediment Distribution ◽

Sea Floor ◽

Integrated Study

An integrated study of sediment distribution was conducted in Weda Bay, Northern Maluku to provide general information on transportation and deposition process based on sediment grain size distribution. The study was conducted during the Weda Bay Expedition using the “Baruna Jaya VII” research vessel in March 13th –22th 2013. Sieving method (granulometric) was used to analyze the grain size. The results indicated that in general the pattern of sea floor sediment distribution was dominated by clay – sand grain-sized. The current speed influenced the sediment transport, deposition, and distribution. Larger fractions of sediment were quickly settled on the sea floor due to stronger currents around Southern area (Widi islands), meanwhile the lesser fractions of the transported away into other places with weaker currents conditions. Keywords: current, the Weda Bay expedition, granulometric, grain size, sediment distribution

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Autumn bacterioplankton of the open waters and coastal part of the Barents Sea

Transaction Kola Science Cetnre ◽

10.37614/2307-5252.2021.3.9.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3-2021) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

A.V. Vashchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Open Water ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Water Area ◽

Northeastern Part ◽

Autumn Season ◽

Open Water Area ◽

The Barents Sea

The paper presents the results of microbiological studies carried out in the Motovsky Bay (2017) and the northeastern part of the Barents Sea (2020) in October. It was shown that, with comparable values of abundance, the biomass of bacterioplankton in open waters was slightly higher than in coastal waters. The quantity was 148–717 thousand cells/ml in Motovsky Bay and 170–957 thousand cells/ml in the open water area. The biomass was 7.26–29.07 mg/m3 in Motovsky Bay and 9.71–51.39 mg/m3 in the open water area. The maximum values were in the 0–50 m layer,the minimum – in the bottom layer in both areas. Those results supplement the existing understanding of bacterioplanktons development and distribution in the Barents Sea in the autumn season.

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Sensitivity of Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts to Soil Properties over a Sparsely Vegetated Dryland Region

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-13-0362.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 1976-1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Massey ◽

W. James Steenburgh ◽

Sebastian W. Hoch ◽

Jason C. Knievel

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Early Morning ◽

Surface Model ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Soil Thermal Conductivity ◽

Near Surface ◽

Ground Heat Flux ◽

Loam Soil

AbstractWeather Research and Forecasting Model forecasts over the Great Salt Lake Desert erroneously underpredict nocturnal cooling over the sparsely vegetated silt loam soil area of Dugway Proving Ground in northern Utah, with a mean positive bias error in temperature at 2 m AGL of 3.4°C in the early morning [1200 UTC (0500 LST)]. Positive early-morning bias errors also exist in nearby sandy loam soil areas. These biases are related to the improper initialization of soil moisture and parameterization of soil thermal conductivity in silt loam and sandy loam soils. Forecasts of 2-m temperature can be improved by initializing with observed soil moisture and by replacing Johansen's 1975 parameterization of soil thermal conductivity in the Noah land surface model with that proposed by McCumber and Pielke in 1981 for silt loam and sandy loam soils. Case studies illustrate that this change can dramatically reduce nighttime warm biases in 2-m temperature over silt loam and sandy loam soils, with the greatest improvement during periods of low soil moisture. Predicted ground heat flux, soil thermal conductivity, near-surface radiative fluxes, and low-level thermal profiles also more closely match observations. Similar results are anticipated in other dryland regions with analogous soil types, sparse vegetation, and low soil moisture.

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Long-term effect of biochar on soil physical properties of agricultural soils with different textures

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8588 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Zanutel ◽

Sarah Garré ◽

Charles Bielders

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Water Retention ◽

Particle Density ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Term Effect ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Long Term Effect

In the context of global soil degradation, biochar is being promoted as a potential solution to improve soil quality, besides its carbon sequestration potential. Burying biochar in soils is known to effect soil physical quality in the short-term (<5 years), and the intensity of these effects depends on soil texture. However, the long-term effects of biochar remain largely unknown yet and are important to quantify given biochar&#8217;s persistency in soils. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the long-term effect of biochar on soil physical properties as a function of soil texture and biochar concentration.&#160; For this purpose, soil physical properties (particle density, bulk density, porosity, water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves) were measured in the topsoil of three fields with former kiln sites containing charcoal more than 150 years old in Wallonia (southern Belgium).&#160; The fields had a silt loam, loam and sandy loam texture.&#160; Samples were collected along 3 transects in each field, from the center of the kiln sites outwards.&#160;Particle density and bulk density slightly decreased as a function of charcoal content. Because particle density and bulk density were affected to a similar extent by charcoal content, total porosity was not affected by the presence of century-old charcoal. Regarding the soil water retention curve, charcoal affected mostly water content in the mesopore range. This effect was strongest for the sandy loam. On the other hand, the presence of century-old charcoal increased significantly the hydraulic conductivity at pF between 1.5 and 2 for the silt loam, while no effect of charcoal was observed for the loamy soil.&#160; The study highlights a limited effect of century-old charcoal on the pore size distribution (at constant porosity) and on the resulting soil physical properties for the range of soils and charcoal concentrations investigated here.&#160; Further research may be needed to confirm the observed trends over a wider range of soil types.&#160;

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Inactivation of Metribuzin in Winter Wheat by Activated Carbon

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500082151 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 229-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. J. Rydrych

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Bromus Tectorum ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Chemical Injury ◽

Loam Soil

Preemergence and postemergence application of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one] at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha controlled downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. ♯ BROTE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McDermid’) but caused considerable injury without the use of activated carbon over the seeded row. Activated carbon applied in 5-cm bands over the seeded row at 84, 167, and 336 kg/ha protected winter wheat at Pendleton on a silt loam soil. On a sandy loam soil, only a 336 kg/ha rate provided protection from metribuzin. Metribuzin toxicity to winter wheat was more difficult to neutralize when applied preemergence. Downy brome control was not reduced by carbon applied over the wheat row. The best treatment in this study was carbon at 336 kg/ha applied preemergence over the row followed by metribuzin at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha postemergence. A 10-week delay between preemergence carbon banding and postemergence metribuzin protected winter wheat from chemical injury.

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Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00035831 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 583-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

John S. Wilson ◽

Chester L. Foy

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Clay Content ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Soil Factors ◽

Silty Clay Loam ◽

Freundlich Equation ◽

General Order ◽

Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

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Persistence and Movement of Sethoxydim Residues in Three Minnesota Soils

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450007644x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 634-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

William C. Koskinen ◽

Kathryn M. Reynolds ◽

Douglas D. Buhler ◽

Donald L. Wyse ◽

Brian L. Barber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Dimethyl Ester ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Ground Water Quality ◽

Flame Photometric Detector ◽

Additional Information ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Pentanedioic Acid

The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 μg kg-1was 86 ± 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below 0 to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact.

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