scholarly journals THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) AS A SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Upboff
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Agricultural Innovation ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Agricultural Innovations

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI). developed in Madagascar some 25 years ago. is gaining increasing credence and momentum as probably 500.000 farmers in more than 20 countries are now using its methods to raise their rice. production -- while also reducing their use of external inputs and production costs. Rather than focus on the innovation itself, this paper will introduce SRI only briefly, focusing instead on the transnational system for innovation that has emerged in response to this agronomic opportunity that can be particularly beneficial for resource-limited households. Within SRI's conceptual and practical framework. farmers have devised many innovations. These are the focus of a parallel paper written for this workshop. That paper considers how farmers have made the original SRI methodology less labor-intensive (even labor-saving). and how they have extended methods devised for irrigated rice production both to unirrigated (rainfed) areas for growing rice and to other crops beyond rice. This paper is concerned with what can be considered as a de facto 'system of innovation' that surrounds and has accelerated the spread of SRI worldwide. SRI has differed from most other agricultural innovations in the extent to which farmers have voluntarily invested their own time and resources in taking SRI to peers as an impressive example of farmer-to-farmer extension. Also. innovative alliances have formed among diverse persons and organizations to disseminate and adjust the methodology. thereby supporting the spread of this innovation even despite resistance from some established institutions.

scholarly journals Farmer Innovations Improving the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Norman Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Made In

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), assembled in Madagascar over a 20-year period and gaining applicationinternationally since 2000, enables farmers to raise their irrigated rice production substantially just by making changes in theway they manage their plants, soil, water and nutrients, rather than by increasing inputs such as fertilizer, water oragrochemicals. Getting more output with less cost enhances profitability. This result is quite unprecedented, as discussed inpaper accompanying this one. SRI is not considered by its proponents as a technology; and by not presenting it to farmers asa set technology, this opens SRI up to many adaptations and innovations by farmer-users, who often but not always arecollaborating with NGO or government staff in a collaborative manner. This paper reports on a number of the innovations thathave been made in SRI practices, demonstrating bothfarmer capabilities and the advantages of engagingfarmers as partnersin an ongoing process of participatory development. The companion paper which considers SRI as a system for innovationoffers a more 'macro' view of SRI spread that complements this more 'micro' perspective.

scholarly journals Externalities Inclusion Into Production Cost of System of Rice Intensification

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mohamad Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Rice Intensification

<strong>Indonesia</strong><br />Usaha tani padi menghasilkan eksternalitas lingkungan yang bersifat negatif. Eksternalitas tersebut merupakan biaya dan tidak dihitung dengan harga pasar sehingga nilai ekonominya tidak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung dan memasukkan biaya eksternalitas negatif tersebut ke dalam biaya produksi usaha tani System of Rice Intensification (SRI) yang berbasis penerapan usaha tani padi organik. Jenis-jenis eksternalitas negatif yang diukur dalam riset ini meliputi CH4, N2O, SO2, NOx, dan PM10. Dalam riset ini digunakan metode Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) dan pendekatan biaya kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh polutan serta konsep biaya sosial. Riset dilakukan di Desa Dlingo, Kabupaten Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi 1 kg GKP adalah Rp1.529/kg. Dengan biaya kerusakan yang dihitung dan dimasukkan ke dalam biaya produksi mencapai Rp9/kg, maka biaya sosial memproduksi 1 kg GKP adalah Rp1.539/kg atau Rp9,60 juta/ha/musim. Keuntungan bersih setelah memasukkan biaya eksternalitas yang diperoleh petani SRI mencapai Rp18,04 juta/ha/musim. Dengan menggunakan target perluasan wilayah SRI pada tahun 2015 sebesar 200.000 ha, maka pemerintah dapat memperoleh keuntungan Rp44,51 miliar.<br /><br /><strong>English</strong><br />Rice production process generates negative environmental externalities. These externalities are considered as a cost and not accounted by market price such that its economic externalities value is unknown. This study aims to calculate and to internalize negative externalities costs into production costs of the System of Rice Intensification as a rice production process based on organic practices. The quantities of externalities measured in this research are CH4, N2O, SO2, NOx, and PM10. This research uses a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), a damage cost approach, and a social costs concept. This research was conducted in Dlingo Village, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province. The results show that the private cost per kg of unhulled rice was Rp1,529 and damage cost was Rp9/kg. Social costs of producing 1 kg of unhulled rice was Rp1,539 or Rp9.60 million/ha/season. SRI’s farmers received net social benefit of Rp18.04 million/ha/season. Considering that the target of extended area for SRI in 2015 was 200,000 ha, government could receive environmental benefits of Rp44.51 billion.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Rice Performance and Profitability with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor District, Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Pierre C. C. DIEDHIOU ◽  
Antoine SAMBOU ◽  
Ousmane NDIAYE, NGor NDOUR ◽  
Seydou K. DIEDHIOU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Benefit Cost

The "System of Rice Intensification"(SRI) represents a sustainable alternative to improve household yields and incomes. This study aimed to evaluate the yields and the profitability of the SRI and the Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor district, Senegal. A directed sampling based on criteria for selecting the system used and the cultivated varieties common to both systems was applied to collect the yield parameters and yields of paddy rice. Thus, 18 producers in the Badiate, Essyl, and Fanda sites were selected, nine per system and four 1 m2 yield squares were installed in each selected producer plot. A total of 72 yield squares, 36 per system, were installed, and an individual questionnaire was randomly administered to 55 producers using at least one of the systems to collect data on rice production and costs. The yield parameters including the number of fertile tillers per m2, the number of spikes, the weight of the 1000 grains are significantly higher (p<0.05) in the SRI including yield compared to the traditional system. Transplanting density and plant duration are higher in TP (26±5.6 plants/m2 and 26 days) than in SRI (16±0.4 plants/m2 and 16 days). The lower the transplanting density, the higher the yield parameters and the yield. The economic profitability, determined based on the benefit/cost ratio, is higher in SRI (1.5) than in TP (1.2). The SRI required a lot of technicality in its implementation and generated more cost of production. However, SRI was more productive and economically more profitable than the traditional system.

Roles of microbes in supporting sustainable rice production using the system of rice intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (13) ◽  
pp. 5131-5142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Doni ◽  
Muhamad Shakirin Mispan ◽  
Nurul Shamsinah Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Nazri Ishak ◽  
Norman Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Rice Intensification

Resource use efficiency in rice production under SRI and conventional method in Assam, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishani Parasar ◽  
J. P. Hazarika ◽  
Nivedita Deka
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency

To meet the rising demand for rice, the staple food in Assam, the production of rice has to be increased by many folds. Considering the shrinkage of agricultural lands, productivity increase is the only way out to increase the production. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is reported to enhance rice yield to considerable extent. However, the acceptability of the method by the tradition rice growers of the state is a matter of concern. Further, the resource use status of SRI is yet to be studied systematically in Assam. The present study on resource use in SRI has shown that the resources used in SRI need to be increased for enhanced rice production the state. Awaring the farmers about SRI and imparting proper training on SRI would certainly help the farmers to increase their rice production to make them rice secured.

Comparison of Weed Management Programs for Furrow-Irrigated and Flooded Hybrid Rice Production in Arkansas

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Whether season-long weed control can be achieved in a furrow-irrigated rice system with similar herbicide inputs to that of a flooded system is not known. Field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Pine Tree, AR to evaluate different herbicide programs on the weed control efficacy and rice grain yield in furrow-irrigated and flooded rice production systems. Six herbicide programs were evaluated with and without additional late-season “as-needed” herbicide treatments. Minor injury to rice was noted for quinclorac plus propanil. However, the injury was transient and the plants fully recovered. Overall weed control was greater in the flooded system compared with the furrow-irrigated system (up to 20% greater), because flooding effectively prevented the emergence of most terrestrial weeds. In addition, rice grain yields were 13 to 14% greater in flooded compared with furrow-irrigated plots. Irrespective of the irrigation system, herbicide programs that contained a PRE-applied herbicide provided greater weed control and resulted in greater yield compared with those that did not contain PRE-applied herbicide, indicative of the importance of early-season weed control in achieving higher grain yields. On the basis of weed control, yield, and weed treatment cost, the herbicide program with clomazone PRE followed by propanil at four- to five-leaf rice was more efficient than other programs evaluated in both irrigation systems. However, furrow-irrigated plots required as-needed herbicide applications, which were applied after the four- to five-leaf rice stage when two or more plots within a program exhibited ≤ 80% control for any of the weed species. This suggests that furrow-irrigated rice production demands additional weed management efforts and thereby increases production costs. There is also a possibility for substantial yield reduction in the furrow-irrigated system compared with the flooded system. Nevertheless, furrow-irrigated rice production can still be a viable option under water-limiting situations and under certain topographic conditions.

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