scholarly journals Water Requirement Estimation of One-Whorl Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Planting Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Andi Nur Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Research Institute

Fulfilling water requirement is one of the important factors for a successful production of rubber tree planting materials. Research on the irrigation requirement for young rubber trees is crucial to determine the amount of water required for an optimum plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of water needed by one whorl rubber planting material to compensate the amount of evapotranspiration, as well as to estimate the crop coefficient value (kc). The research was conducted at the Indonesian Rubber Research Institute on July 2021. Daily evapotranspiration (ETc) of rubber planting materials of clone “PB 260”, “RRIC 100”, and “IRR 112” planted in polybag size 13 cm x 35 cm were measured by weighing the planting materials daily. Evapotranspiration for the reference crop was collected from the Indonesian Rubber Research Institute climatological station. Our study showed that the amount of water required by each rubber planting material was 92.21 mL per day per polybag when the mean of daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was 3.67 mm per day. Therefore, the crop coefficient (kc) of one whorl rubber planting material arranged sparsely was ± 0.32. This kc value can be used as a base to calculate water requirement of one whorl rubber planting material based on the daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo).

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

scholarly journals Temporal Downscaling of Crop Coefficient and Crop Water Requirement from Growing Stage to Substage Scales

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songhao Shang
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Management

Crop water requirement is essential for agricultural water management, which is usually available for crop growing stages. However, crop water requirement values of monthly or weekly scales are more useful for water management. A method was proposed to downscale crop coefficient and water requirement from growing stage to substage scales, which is based on the interpolation of accumulated crop and reference evapotranspiration calculated from their values in growing stages. The proposed method was compared with two straightforward methods, that is, direct interpolation of crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient by assuming that stage average values occurred in the middle of the stage. These methods were tested with a simulated daily crop evapotranspiration series. Results indicate that the proposed method is more reliable, showing that the downscaled crop evapotranspiration series is very close to the simulated ones.

scholarly journals Water consumption of the estevia (Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni) crop estimated through microlysimeter

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diniz Fronza ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Leaf Yield

The knowledge of water requirement of crops in the different growing phases elicits higher crop yield and rational use of water resource. The aim of this work was to estimate the water consumption of stevia using two constant watertable microlysimeters. The research was conducted in San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy. The data were collected daily from June, 1st, to October, 22th, 2000. Reference evapotranspiration was determined by the Penman-Monteith-FAO method, in the same period. Microlysimeters watertables level were maintained at the 35 cm depth. Crop evapotranspiration for the total cicle (80 days) was 464 mm. For the most water consuming phase, crop average evapotranspiration was 5.44 mm day-1. The crop coefficient values were 1.45 for the first 25 days, 1.14 for the next period (26 to 50 days), and 1.16 for the latest period (51 to 80 days). The stevia leaf yield of the microlysimeters was 4.369 kg ha-1 and their steviosideo content 6.49%.

scholarly journals Reference Evapotranspiration Assessment Techniques for Estimating Crop Water Requirement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Impact

Water scarcity is a serious issue that has to be addressed in order to face the increasing water demands. Due to this issue, agricultural crops do not receive the required amount of water. So, it is necessary to have a proper technique to determine the water requirement for a particular crop. Evapotranspiration (ET), a process which is reliant on numerous climatic conditions, quantifies the loss of water from soil and crops through evaporation and transpiration processes respectively. Reference evapotranspiration ET is a concept of estimating ET from the reference surface which resembles an in-depth surface of green grass of stable height, actively growing, fully shading the surface with sufficient water. The amount of water required for a crop is thus determined by multiplying ETo with the crop coefficient (Kc) which depends on the growth stages and duration of a crop. So, evapotranspiration is considered to be one of the successful approaches to optimize the usage of water for crops. A literature survey is carried out on the popular methods of estimating ETo and their merits, demerits are discussed in this paper. Also, the impact of various climatic factors on ETo is presented. From the survey, it is known that ETo is estimated using conventional and non-conventional methods like Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, ANN and WNN, regression and fuzzy logic. Humidity, temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation are the factors that have a major impact on estimating ETo. Generally, conventional methods are tedious since it requires experimental setups and more climatic data to determine ETo which are not available in many under developing countries. Thus, in this case, non-conventional methods are found to yield better results from the survey.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crop and irrigation water requirements for some selected crops in Apulia region -Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Mohannad Alobid ◽  
István Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Sunshine Hours

Nowadays, nearly 90% of global water consumption is caused by irrigation activities, and more than 40% of the crops are produced under irrigated conditions. This study is an endeavour to estimate the irrigation water requirement (IWR) and crop water requirement (CWR) for some selected crops (Pepper, Eggplant, Potato, Soybean, Maize, Wheat Melon, Lettuce, Sunflower, Broadbean, Citrus, Cherry, Olive tree, Sugarbeet, Artichoke, Wine Grapes, Carrot...etc.) in Sothern Italy. The selected districts (Sant’ Arcangelo) have been taken as a case study area. Demanded meteorologically (rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours) and crop data (crop coefficient and crop calendar) have been collected for 30 years period from 1981 to 2011. FAO CROPWATv8.0 software has been applied for requisite calculation of CWR and IWR along with the developing of cropping patterns. The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by using meteorological data in the framework of CROPWAT model as it regarded as a good evaluator for a wide variety of climatic conditions. The analysis indicates that FAO Penman-Monteith suits very well for the study area and can be successfully used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. The important results in this study indicate that the IWR is very low from November to April (wintertime) due to higher rainfall intensity in these months and from month May to October a considerable amount of water is required for irrigation. JEL Classification: Q25, Q24,Q10

scholarly journals Differential Expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs Between Self-Rooting Juvenile and Donor Clones Unveils Novel Insight Into the Molecular Regulation of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Liang Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Jia-Hong Zhu ◽  
Shi-Qing Peng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Rubber Biosynthesis ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Planting Materials

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a tropical tree species that produce natural rubber. Self-rooted juvenile clones (SRJCs) are novel rubber tree planting materials developed through primary somatic embryogenesis. SRJCs have a higher rubber yield compared with donor clones (DCs). The molecular basis underlying increased rubber yield in SRJCs remains largely unknown. Here, the latex from SRJCs and DCs were collected for strand-specific and small RNA-seq methods. A total of 196 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs), and 11 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in latex between SRJCs and DCs. Targeted genes of DELs were markedly enriched for various biological pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and amino acids biosynthesis. DELs probably acted as cis-acting regulation was calculated, and these DELs relevant to potentially regulate rubber biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, the DELs acting as microRNA targets were studied. The interaction of microRNA and DELs might involve in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis.

scholarly journals WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Ed Wilson Da Silva Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)  Antonio Evaldo Klar* Ed Wilson da Silva FontesDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: [email protected]* Scientific Researchist of CNPq.  1 ABSTRACT  Broccoli (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica) plants were transplanted to four lysimeters (116 cm x 116 cm and 150 cm depth), two of them maintained at 40 cm and two at 50 cm water table.  Other two lysimeters, one for each level, received grass (Paspalum notatum, F.) to measure Reference Evapotranspiration (EToLY). Surrounded area received 2,500 m2 of broccoli plants with soil water potentials ( s) maintained higher than –30 kPa. The results allowed to conclude: - there were no statistical differences between the plant parameters from 40cm lysimeters and the surrounded area; - the Class A Pan, Radiation-FAO, Penman-FAO and Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) methods, in this order, had significant correlations to the data obtained from 40 cm water table level lysimeter; - the Kc (crop coefficient) broccoli values ranged from 0.88 to 1.42 for KcLY (Lysimeters), 1.24 to 2.14 for KcA (Class A Pan), 1.19 to 1.71 for KcPM (Penman-Monteith), 0.95 to1.42 for KcPF (Penman-FAO) and 0.82 to 1.49 for KcR (Radiation-FAO) from stages II to V; - the plant water using ranged from 4.09 to 6.25 mm/day for 40 cm water level, and 2.68 to 5.25 mm/day for 50 cm water level for the same stages, respectively. The lysimeters at 50 cm water level yielded 64,3% less inflorescences and 8.1% lower water using efficiency than the plants from 40 cm water level lysimeters.  KEY WORDS: irrigation, evapotranspiration, broccoli.  KLAR, A.E.; FONTES, E.W.S. USO D’ÁGUA POR PLANTAS DE BRÓCOLOS (Brassicaoleracea F, var. Itálica).  2 RESUMO  Plantas de brócolos foram transplantadas para 4 lisímetros de 116 x 116 de área x 150 cm de profundidade, sendo dois mantidos com 40 cm e outros dois com 50 cm de nível de lençol freático. Outros dois lisímetros foram usados para medir a evapotranspiração de referência (EToLy) com grama batatais nos mesmos níveis de água. Os lisímetros foram colocados no meio de uma cultura de brócolos com área de 2500 m2, com o potencial de água do solo mantido acima de –30kPa. Os resultados permitiram que se concluísse: - não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de área foliar, pesos de matéria seca das folhas e das inflorescências entre as plantas de fora e de dentro dos lisímetros de nível de água de 40 cm; - os métodos do tanque Classe A, FAO-Radiação, Penman-FAO e Penman-Monteith, nesta ordem, correlacionaram-se significativamente com os dados obtidos no lisímetro de grama de nível 40 cm; - os lisímetros com brócolos e nível de 50 cm tiveram produtividade 64,3% menor e mostraram eficiência de uso de água 8,1% menor que os de 40 cm e 2,68 a 5,25 mm de evapotranspiração por dia, não sendo, portanto, indicados para a medir-se EToLY;- os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,88 a 1,42 para KcLY (lisímetro de 40 cm), de 1,24 a 2,14 para KcA (tanque Classe A), de 1,19 a 1,71 para KcPM (Penman-Monteith), de 0,95 a 1,42 para KcPF (Penman-FAO) e de 0,82 a 1,49 para KcR (FAO-Radiação) para os estádios II a V, respectivamente.  UNITERMOS: brócolos, coeficiente de cultura, evapotranspiração de referência.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA FORMA DE OBTENÇÃO DO SALDO DE RADIAÇÃO NA COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Pitelli Turco ◽  
Manoel Teixeira de Faria ◽  
Edemo João Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
State University ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Class A ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Class A Pan

INFLUÊNCIA DA FORMA DE OBTENÇÃO DO SALDO DE RADIAÇÃO NA COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA  José Eduardo Pitelli Turco; Manoel Teixeira de Faria; Edemo João FernandesDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Câmpus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal , SP, [email protected]    1        RESUMO Uma maneira freqüentemente utilizada para verificar a eficiência de métodos de estimativa da  evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) em diferentes situações e locais é por meio de comparação com um método padrão. Porém, a utilização de diferentes métodos para a obtenção do saldo de radiação, empregado na estimativa da evapotranspiração, pode conduzir a resultados distintos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência do método de obtenção do saldo de radiação na comparação de quatro métodos (FAO-Tanque Classe A, FAO-Radiação Solar, Makkink e Hargreaves-Samani) com o método padrão recomendado pela FAO (Penman-Monteith). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, onde foi instalada uma estação meteorológica automatizada e um Tanque Classe A. Por intermédio de um sistema de aquisição de dados foram obtidas medidas da radiação solar global, saldo de radiação, temperatura do ar,  umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. Os resultados indicam que as formas de obtenção do saldo de radiação podem alterar  a estimativa da evapotranspiração diária obtida pelo método de Penman-Monteith.  UNITERMOS: estação meteorológica automatizada, radiação solar, Penman-Monteith  TURCO, J. E. P.; FARIA, M. T. de; FERNANDES E. J. INFLUENCE  OF  NET RADIATION OBTENTION METHOD COMPARED TO  THE  REFERENCE  EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATE METHODS  2        ABSTRACT One way to verify the efficiency of evapotranspiration reference (ETo) estimate methods in different conditions is through the comparison to a standard method. However the utilization of several methods to obtain the net radiation using evapotranspiration reference  estimate, can end up in different results. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the net radiation obtention method compared to four methods (FAO – Class A pan, FAO – Radiation, Makkink and Hargreaves-Samani) to the Penman-Montheith method which is considered a standard method by FAO. The research was carried out at an experimental area of the Rural Engineering Department of FCAV/São Paulo State University,  Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Global net radiation, air temperature, air relative humidity, and  wind speed were obtained using an automated weather station equipped with sensors. The results showed that the net radiation obtaintion methods can alter the daily evapotranspiration estimate obtained by the Penman-Montheith method. KEYWORDS:  automated  weather station, solar radiation, Penman-Monteith

scholarly journals Ensuring Seedling Quality through Fruit Tree Nursery Accreditation and Implications for Forest Nursery Accreditation

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Don Immanuel Edralin ◽  
Agustin Mercado
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tree Nursery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Planting Materials

he fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme implemented by the Philippine Department of Agriculture has been promoted to enhance the supply of high quality fruit tree planting materials and reduce the number of dubious seedling market players. This paper examines the advantages to participating nurseries in the fruit tree nursery accreditation scheme and draws implications for possible formulation of a scheme to accredit forest tree nurseries in the Philippines. Data were collected from interviews with accredited fruit tree nursery operators and the nursery accreditation officer-in-charge in Northern Mindanao province. A major advantage of nursery accreditation is that only accredited fruit tree nursery operators can participate in the bidding process of the government seedling procurement program, which always involves a substantial volume of seedlings. As a form of advertisement, accredited nurseries are posted on the government website thus creating a wide range of market opportunities which results in increased sales. Other advantages enjoyed by accredited fruit tree nurseries include receiving free training in improving seedling production and occasionally receiving high quality propagation materials (scions and seedlings), subsidies for pesticides and fertilizers and free soil tests. Observations of advantages gained by nursery operators adopting certification have encouraged other nursery operators to apply for accreditation. Accreditation by the Department of Agriculture places emphasis on maintaining high genetic quality as well as high physical quality of planting materials. Accrediting forestry nurseries is seen as a potential policy option that can expand the supply of high quality tree seedlings in the Philippines, as has been the experience with fruit tree nursery certification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document