S NUTRIENTS RTENTION OF SEVERAL BIOCHARS AND THEIR EFFECT ON N,P, K UPTAKE OF  UPLAND-RICE .

ABSTRACT Application of biochar to agriculture soils has been considered as means to improve soil quality and carbon sequiestration. Therefore, the understanding of chemical and physical properties of biochars is important to identify suitable use of biochar for improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Biochars were produced from phyrolizing five different feedstock from crops residues (rice straw- BPJ, rice husk- BPS, maize cobs- BJT, peanuts shell- BKC and soybean residues-BKE). Using muffle furnace heating under 400oC. The potential nutrients retention of those biochars in particular for NH4+, K+. Ca++, dan Mg++. was tested. througha leaching experiment established in Soil Physic laboratory at Faculty of Agriculure, University of Mataram . The physicochemical properties of biochars were likely varied among fives feedstocks. The biochars derived from soybean residues (BKE), peanut biomass (BKC) and maize cobs (BJT) contained higher mutrients (i.e. C, N, K, Ca and Mg) compared to biochars produced from rice straw (BJP) and rice husks (BPS). Total-C of BKE, BKC dan BJT were 51,73; 57,36 dan 53,53 % respecively. The variation of phyisicochemical properties from different biomass strongly related to different nutrient retention whenever the biochars are applied in soils. Biochars produced from legume crops biomass such as soybean and dan peanuts werethe highest nutrients retention, followed by maize cobsand rice straw biochars. Unde glass house test, the tree biochars namely BPS, BJT and BKE have similar effect on N,P, K uptake as well as to dry weight biomass.

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Assessing soil carbon sequestration in upland rice systems using rice straw and mycorrhiza

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 012028

Author(s):

J Syamsiyah ◽

B H Sunarminto ◽

E Hanudin ◽

J Widada ◽

A Herawati

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Soil Carbon Sequestration

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Validation of the ecosystem services of created wetlands: Two decades of plant succession, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration in experimental riverine marshes

Ecological Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.108 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 11-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

William J. Mitsch ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Evan Waletzko ◽

Blanca Bernal

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Nutrient Retention ◽

Plant Succession ◽

Created Wetlands

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Competition between drought-tolerant upland rice cultivars and weeds under water stress condition

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000200006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F.B. Cerqueira ◽

E.A.L. Erasmo ◽

J.I.C. Silva ◽

T.V. Nunes ◽

G.P. Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Water Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of two cultivars of upland rice drought-tolerant, cultured in coexistence with weed S. verticillata, under conditions of absence and presence of water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi-TO Campus. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of two rice cultivars under two water conditions and four densities. At 57 days after emergence, were evaluated in rice cultivars and weed S. verticillata leaf area, dry weight of roots and shoots and total concentration and depth of roots. Was also evaluated in rice cultivars, plant height and number of tillers. Water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, the concentration of roots and vegetative components of dry matter (APDM, and MSR MST) of rice cultivars and Jatoba Catetão and weed S. verticillata. The competition established by the presence of the weed provided reduction of all vegetative components (MSPA, and MSR MST) of cultivars and Jatoba Catetão. It also decreased the number of tillers, the concentration of roots and leaf area. At the highest level of weed competition with rice cultivars, a greater decrease in vegetative components and leaf area of culture, regardless of water conditions.

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Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress

Tropical Drylands ◽

10.13057/tropdrylands/t010202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 69-77

Author(s):

EDI PURWANTO ◽

SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI ◽

YONIAR EFFENDI

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Drought Stress Condition ◽

Four Levels

Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yoniar Effendi Y. 2017. Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress. Trop Drylands 1: 69-77. The study aimed to examine the response of upland rice varieties at germination stage on several PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 concentration levels and to determine growth characteristics, physiological changes and yield of upland rice varieties under drought stress condition in a pot experiment. The study consisted of two experiments; the first was to study germination and early growth, and the second was to study the vegetative and generative growth of upland rice under drought stress condition. Experiments I and II were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factors and three replications. In experiments I, the first factor was upland rice variety comprised of 10 varieties and the second factor was PEG concentration consisted of four levels. In experiment II, the first factor was upland rice varieties that responded the best to drought stress in experiment I, and the second factor was the drought stress treatment consisted of moisture content at 100, 75, 50 and 25% field capacity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. The results showed that the germination and vigor index decreased with increasing levels of PEG concentration. PEG concentration of 25 g L-1 of water was the most optimum for screening drought resistant upland rice. In experiment I, Towuti, Situ Patengang, Kalimutu and Gajah Mungkur varieties showed the best response to drought stress. Increased intensity of drought stress resulted in a reduction of plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, relative growth rate, leaf area, number of grains hill-1, 1000 grain weight, dry grain weight hill-1 and root dry weight. The drought stress also caused an earlier flowering date and increased percentage of empty grain. Based on the dry grain weight hill-1, Towuti exhibited a higher drought resistance level than Gajah Mungkur, Situ Patenggang and Kalimutu.

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Allometric equation of local bamboo for estimating carbon sequestration of bamboo riparian forest

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 905 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

C Prayogo ◽

C Muthahar ◽

R M Ishaq

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Destructive Sampling ◽

Industrial Activities ◽

Bamboo Stem ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The cause of global warming is the increasing carbon concentration arising from industrial activities, burning of fossils, and land-use change. The purpose of this research was to find out the allometric equation to calculate the local bamboo biomass and then to be able to calculate how much carbon sequestration at bamboo riparian forest since this area was rarely being explored. The parameters observed were the height and diameter of the bamboo stem at 1.3 m height of 6 types of local bamboo using destructive sampling, along with the measurement of bamboo weight. The carbon content of the bamboo biomass, litter, and soil was measured to complement the estimation of total carbon sequestration. The results showed that the allometric equation for estimating local bamboo biomass is Y=0.6396 X1.6162 with R2=0.77, obtained from the relationship equations between dry weight and the diameter. Total carbon sequestration of this system ranged between 81 to 215 tons C ha−1.

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Sources and doses of aluminum in experiments with rice in nutrient solution

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n7p511-517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 511-517

Author(s):

Lucas B. de Freitas ◽

Dirceu M. Fernandes ◽

Suelen C. M. Maia ◽

Arianne Moniz ◽

Beatriz G. Mazziero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Aluminum Chloride ◽

Aluminum Toxicity ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Potassium Sulfate ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Aluminum Activity ◽

Aluminum Compounds

ABSTRACT The aluminum source to produce toxicity in upland rice in nutrient solution experiments is not yet well established, althought the aluminum potassium sulfate has been utilized source to produce aluminum toxicity. However, in recent studies have used aluminum chloride. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of aluminum sources and doses to produce toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was arranged in a block randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme and four repetitions. The treatments were two aluminum sources (aluminum potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2.12H2O and aluminum chloride - AlCl3.6H2O) and five aluminum doses in nutrient solution (0, 370, 740, 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil, starting in April 2012, and was carried out for 56 days from transplanting of the seedlings. Using aluminum chloride, the rice plants show lower production of root and total dry weight, area and root volume, medium and thick root length, potassium and sulfur contents and accumulations. Using aluminum potassium sulfate, there are lower aluminum activity and availability, besides the formation of large amount of aluminum compounds non-toxic to the plants (aluminum sulfate) in the nutrient solution. The aluminum doses between 1100 to 1480 µmol L-1, corresponding to aluminum activity of 336.8 to 429.0 µmol L-1 of aluminum chloride as source, are more effective to produce aluminum toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution.

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Simulating Carbon Sequestration using Cellular Automata and land use assessment; Case of: Karaj City, Iran

10.5194/se-2017-20 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Khatibi ◽

Sharareh Pourebrahim ◽

Mazlin Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Cellular Automata ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Barren Area ◽

Average Value ◽

Class Average ◽

Effective Use ◽

The City

Abstract. In this study, in the city of Karaj five classes of land use-cover including residential, agriculture, rangeland, forest and barren areas were considered and randomly in each class a total of 20 points were selected and vegetation and soil samples were taken. In plant samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by calculating the amount of organic carbon by dry weight and in soil samples, the amount of carbon sequestration was determined by using Walleky and Black method, too. For each area, the average value of carbon sequestration of samples was introduced as carbon sequestration index of that class. Average values for each category were determined as an indicator of carbon sequestration of that class and then by using the DINAMICA EGO software a simulation was conducted using cellular automata approach to simulate changes in the classes of land use-cover in the city of Karaj. Finally, by using carbon sequestration index and the results of the simulation, changes in carbon sequestration in each class were calculated. On this basis, it was found that in the 15-year period from 2014 to 2029, not considering the residential class as the effective use of carbon sequestration, the greatest amount of carbon sequestration was found in the agricultural class and the lowest carbon sequestration was found in barren area. Also, agriculture class will be faced with the huge reduction of carbon sequestration, because of expansion of the residential area.

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Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Rice Varieties in Northern Ghana

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v4n4p109 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Williams Kwame Atakora ◽

Mathias Fosu ◽

S. O. Abebrese ◽

Michael Asante ◽

Matthias Wissuwa

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

P Application ◽

Phosphorus Application ◽

Muriate Of Potash

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to upland rice production on highly weathered, low activity clay soils in the humid zones of West Africa. There is a paucity of information on the short-term fertilizer P effects on rice on these soils. A field experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine the response of twenty-four (24) upland rice cultivars to fertilizer Phosphorus (P) applied at 0 and 60 kg P ha−1. An uncultivated field at SARI research area with available P (Bray 1) P content of 3.0 mg/kg was used for the experiment. The ploughed area was divided into two plots with one plot for +P and the other for -P treatment. Each of the 24 varieties was allocated three rows and spaced at 20 x 10 cm in four replications. The varieties were randomized for each replicate and planted on 2nd July 2011 at one seed per hill. Pre-emergence herbicide Pendimethaline 400 g/l (Alligator) was applied at 3.2 L/ha two days after planting followed by one hand weeding. For the (-) P plot, the entire field received N at 60 kg/ha as Sulphate of ammonia and K2O at 60 kg/ha as Muriate of Potash. For the (+) P plot, fertilizer was applied at NPK 60-60-60 kg/ha from Sulphate of ammonia, Triple superphosphate and Muriate of potash, respectively. For each plot, the N was split applied. Results showed that the plants that received P were more vigorous and healthier. There was significant variety effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. Similarly, there was significant phosphorus effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. There was generally no interactive effect of variety by fertilizer except for DFF and DTM. The number of tillers per plant ranges from 3 – 16 with the overall mean without P application being 4 while overall mean with P application was 9. When P was applied, the number of days to 50 % flowering reduced from 86 days to 79 days. Days to maturity (DTM) was also reduced from 118 to 111 on average by P application. The varieties that were most tolerant to low P were ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2. The grain yield of ITA 257 remained the same whether P was applied or not. This is the variety that is best adapted to low P. We concluded that rice growth and yield components were affected by Phosphorus application. Plants that received phosphorus flowered and matured earlier. They also accumulated higher biomass and grain yield. ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2 were most tolerant to P deficiency.

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