scholarly journals Keberadaan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Berdampak pada Kualitas Air

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Abdonia W. Finmeta ◽  
Nur Aini Bunyani ◽  
Joritha Naisanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Tumpukan sampah dan lindi secara langsung dan tidak langsung dapat menganggu kesehatan lingkungan dan keseimbangan ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji  kualitas fisik, kimia dan biologi air sumur pada berbagai jarak dari Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) kecamatanAlak serta dampaknya bagi kesehatan penduduk.Penelitian  menggunakan metode stratified random sampling yaitu penentuan berdasarkan jarak 400m-1200m dari timbunan sampah dari lokasi pengambilan sampel air sumur. Hasil analisa  sampel  menentukan kualitas air dengan membandingkanbaku mutu Air. Analisis pengaruh jarak TPA terhadap kualitas air selanjutnya dihitung nilai determinasi (r2) untukmenentukan hubungan jarakTPA terhadap kualitas air. Untuk menduga hubungan  dilakukan dengan analisis regresi dan korelasi antara tumpukan sampah, air lindidan kualitas air tanah. Hasil Kualitas air sumur di kecamatan Alak berada pada kategori sesuai artinya sesuai dengan Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 tanggal 19 April 2010. Variabel jarak keberadaan tempat pembuangan akhir berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air sumur. Parameter kualitas air yang diambil dari daerah pemukiman di kelurahanAlakpadajarak 800 m dan 1.200 m masih dalam batasaman dikonsumsi. Sedangkan pada jarak 400 m dibutuhkan perhatian pemerintah untuk pengelolaan TPA secarabaik agar tidak berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: Tempat Pembuangan Akhir, jarak TPA, kualitas airAbstract: Piles of garbage and leachate directly and indirectly can disturb the health of the environment and the balance of the aquatic ecosystem.This study aims to assess the physical, chemical and biological quality of well water at various distances from the Final Disposal Landfill and its impact on the health of the population. The study uses a stratified random sampling method that is based on the distance of 400 m-1200 m from the landfill from the location of groundwater well sampling.The results of sample analysis determine water quality by comparing Water quality standards. Analysis of the effect of landfill distance on water quality then calculated determination value (r2) determines the relationship between landfill distance to water quality.To estimate the relationship is done by regression analysis and correlation between the garbage heap and leachate and ground water quality. Results The quality of well water in Alak sub-district is in the appropriate category according to the meaning of Permenkes No. 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 April 19, 2010. Variable distance of the existence of the final disposal site affects the quality of well water. Water quality parameters taken from residential areas in Alak village at a distance of 800 m and 1,200 m are still within the safe limits for consumption. Meanwhile, at a distance of 400 m, government attention is needed to properly manage the landfill so it does not have an impact on public health.Keywords: Landfills, Landfill distance, Water quality

scholarly journals Study Of Spatial Effect Distribution Of Groundwater Quality On Rob Disaster In Semarang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Nur Yuliyani ◽  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Nur Indah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Well Water ◽  
The North

Semarang City is one of the cities located in the north coast of Java, has characteristics of hilly areas and lowland areas, Semarang City is one of the coastal areas and has a high Rob potential. Subdistricts in Semarang City that are inundated by rob disasters are North Semarang Subdistrict, Ngalian, Tugu, Genuk and Pedurungan. The purpose of this research is 1) mapping of inundation in Semarang City using Geographic Information System (GIS). 2). Knowing the quality of ground water (wells) for public consumption around the coastal area of Semarang City that has been exposed to rob water. 3) Find out how many rob water levels have contaminated the Well. Widespread Distribution Population of Rob in Semarang City. Side technique in this research is Purposive Random sampling. The result of this research is the quality of well water obtained from direct measurement of field. Measurements are made using the Water Quality Checker tool. The measurement parameters include pH, DHL, TDS and Nitrate. The required data is the coastal administration map of Semarang city, and the well water quality parameters of KEPMENKES. Selection and sampling of well water by using stratified random sampling technique. The analysis includes a well water quality test in the rob area. Data collection techniques used questionnaire, observation, and documentation techniques. The measurement parameters include pH, DHL, TDS, and Nitrate. It can be seen that the worst affected District is Genuk District and the District which is still good quality is Pedurungan District.

scholarly journals Deteksi Kualitas Air Sumur Masyarakat Akibat Penumpukan Limbah di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Menggunakan Laser Photo-Acoustics Spectroscopy di Gampong Jawa Kecamatan Kuta Raja Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-878
Author(s):  
Khairul Abdi Ruslana ◽  
Ichwana Ichwana ◽  
Agus Arip Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
R Value ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstrak. Dalam menguji kualitas air di Laboratorium biasanya memerlukan biaya yang mahal dan waktu yang lama. Laser Photo-Acoustics Spectroscopy adalah salah satu metode terbaru untuk uji cepat kualitas air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji keakuratan laser fotoakustik sebagai metode baru yang cepat, efektif, dan efisien dalam mendeteksi kualitas air sumur masyarakat akibat penumpukan limbah di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir di Gampong Jawa Kecamatan Kuta Raja Banda Aceh dengan menggunakan Laser Fotoakustik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan panjang gelombang relevan untuk prediksi kualitas air sumur menggunakan rentang panjang gelombang 4000 – 10000 cm-1 dimana parameter suhu, kekeruhan, TSS, pH, DO, BOD-5 dan nitrat (NO3-) berada pada rentang panjang gelombang tersebut. Metode koreksi spektrum yang paling baik digunakan untuk prediksi suhu, kekeruhan, TSS dan DO ialah metode koreksi cutting edge filtering, prediksi pH dan NO3- paling baik menggunakan data raw spektrum sementara prediksi BOD-5 paling baik mengggunakan metode koreksi peak normalization. Pada data raw spektrum nilai r berkisar pada 0.8349537 - 0.9926958, nilai RMSEC berkisar pada 0.0387916 - 3.7519751, nilai R2 0.6971 - 0.9854453, nilai RPD 1.942375418 - 6.949700451. Pada metode koreksi peak normalization nilai r berkisar pada 0.8151091 - 0.9910417, nilai RMSEC 0.0447571 - 5.7055745, nilai R2 0.65995 - 0.98216, nilai RPD 1.833200928 - 6.668034607. Pada metode koreksi cutting edge filtering nilai r berkisar 0.882751 - 0.9980677, nilai RMSEC 0.0410234 - 1.9323903, nilai R2 0.76829 - 0.9961392, nilai RPD 2.22078388 - 17.20520953.Detection of Water Quality of Wells of Communities Due to Waste Accumulation Around Final Disposal Site Using Photoacoustics Laser in Gampong Jawa Kecamatan Kuta Raja Banda AcehAbstract. In testing the quality of water in the Laboratory usually requires a high cost and a long time.  The Photo-Acoustics Spectroscopy Laser is one of the newest methods for rapid water quality testing. The purpose of this research is to test the accuracy of photoacoustic laser as a new method that quickly, effectively and efficiently in detecting the quality of well water of society due to the accumulation of waste around the Final Disposal Site in Gampong Jawa, Kuta Raja Raja sub-district by using Laser Fotoakustik. The results of this study show the relevant Wavelength for well water quality prediction using the 4000 - 10000 cm - 1 wavelength range where the temperature, turbidity, TSS, pH, DO, BOD - 5 and nitrate (NO3 -) parameters are in the wavelength range. The best spectral correction methods used for prediction of temperature, turbidity, TSS and DO are cutting edge filtering correction methods, pH and NO3 predictions-best using raw spectrum data while BOD-5 predictions best use peak normalization correction methods. In raw data spectrum r value ranges from 0.8349537 - 0.9926958, RMSEC value ranges from 0.0387916 - 3.7519751, value R2 0.6971 - 0.9854453, RPD value 1.942375418 - 6.949700451. In peak correction method normalization r value ranges from 0.8151091 - 0.9910417, RMSEC value 0.0447571 - 5.7055745, value R2 0.65995 - 0.98216, RPD value 1.833200928 - 6.668034607. In correction method of cutting edge filtering r value ranges from 0.882751 - 0.9980677, RMSEC value 0.0410234 - 1.9323903, value R2 0.76829 - 0.9961392, RPD value 2.22078388 - 17.20520953.

scholarly journals Effect of Discharge on Water Quality in Euphrates River Between Hit and Ramadi, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2B) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
May F. Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Monthly Discharge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water drainage rates in Hit and Ramadi cities and the water quality of the Euphrates River. The studied area of Euphrates River extends from Hit to Ramadi, where two sampling stations were selected monthly in 2012, 2013, and 2018. The results indicate variations and decreasing in the monthly discharge rate of the study period; the year 2012 had higher discharge rate values than 2013, which in turn was higher than in 2018, for both gauging stations. Our results indicate that with decreasing discharge trends, some selected water quality parameters had an increasing trend. During the selected years, there was an increase in levels of sulfate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, magnesium, and turbidity in the Ramadi station compared to the Hit station, as the rate of discharge of the river increases in the former. A positive significant correlation between discharge rate and dissolved oxygen and dissolved solids were reported. The Haditha Dam and its reservoir affect the downstream discharge rate and in turn the water quality at Hit and Ramadi Cities.

HUBUNGAN NISBAH C/N DENGAN TOTAL BAKTERI SEDIMEN PADA TAMBAK BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsk) SEMI INTENSIF DI DESA WONOREJO KENDAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Aprilia Dwi W ◽  
Djoko Suprapto ◽  
Agung Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Organic Matter Input ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRAKAktivitas pertambakan mengalami penurunan kualitas air tambak akibat dari masukan bahan organik terutama sisa pakan yang terbuang baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penumpukan bahan organik di dasar tambak secara terus menerus dapat mempengaruhi produktifitas tambak sehingga perlu diketahui proses dekomposisinya antar lokasi dan antar periode waktu. Keberlangsungan proses dekomposisi ditandai dengan nisbah C/N, dimana nisbah C/N yang tinggi menunjukkan kecilnya kandungan N (N-organik dan N-Amoniak) dan sebaliknya nisbah C/N yang rendah menunjukkan proses dekomposisi bakteri berjalan cepat menghasilkan N besar. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan nisbah C/N dengan total bakteri sedimen terkait antar lokasi dan antar waktu. Adapun manfaat yang diperoleh memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat dekomposisi berdasarkan nisbah C/N dengan total bakteri, sehingga dapat diketahui cara budidaya perairan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2015 di desa Wonorejo, Kendal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan di 3 stasiun yaitu pada inlet, plataran, dan outlet yang dilakukan 3 kali pada rentang waktu 10 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa nisbah C/N pada inlet 2.55-3.68%, pada plataran 3.62-3.79%, pada outlet 3-3.8% yang artinya terjadi mineralisasi N dan beberapa mikroba mati. Sedangkan total bakteri sedimen pada inlet 1.59×104-2.27×104 cfu, pada plataran 0.58×104-1.36×104 cfu, dan pada outlet 0.9×104-1.26×104 cfu. Uji korelasi antara nisbah C/N dan total bakteri sedimen menunjukan yang kurang signifikan. Pertumbuhan bakteri lebih dipengaruhi oleh C-organik. Kata Kunci : Nisbah C/N, Total Bakteri Sedimen, Tambak ABSTRACTCulture activity can  decreased water quality because of the organic matter input, especially because the rest of feet left in pond. Accumulation of organic materi on the pond bottom continuously can affect the productivity of the pond so keep in mind the process of decomposition between sites and between periods of time. The continuity of decomposing process is marked by the C/N ration, where the high of C/N indicates the small amount of Nitrogen (N-Organic and N-Ammonia). On the contrary, the low ratio of C/N shows the bacteria decomposing process runs fast and produce a large amount of N. The purpose of this research was to understand the relationship between the C/N ratio and  total sedimental bacterias linked between location and over time. The benefits is to give description of the decomposing level based on the C/N ratio and total sedimental bacterias, so that understand the method of water cultivation that is biodegradable and sustainable. The research have done on September-December 2015 at Wonorejo, Kendal. This research use purposive method of sampling random. Sampling and measurement the sediment and water quality parameters is done in 3 stations; they are inlet, plataran, and outlet, which is done three times in range 10 days. The Results of the study show that the C/N ratio at the inlet from 2.55 to 3.68, from 3.62 to 3.79 plataran, on outlets from 3 to 3.8, which means there mineralized N and some microba die. While total bacteria at inlet 1.59 × 104 to 2.27 × 104 cfu, on plataran 0.58 × 104 to 1.36 × 104 cfu, and on outlets from 0.9 × 104 to 1.26 × 104 cfu. Correlation between C/N ratio and total bacteria sediment showed less significant. Bacterial growth is more affected by C-organic.Keywords: C/N ratio, Total Bacteria Sediment, Fishpond

scholarly journals Assessment of correlation amongst physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters for measuring water quality of Rawal watershed using remote sensing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehreen Ahmed ◽  
Rafia Mumtaz ◽  
Shahbaz Baig ◽  
Syed Muhammad Hassan Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The quality of water is traditionally assessed by the collection of physico-chemical parameters, i.e., pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the water bodies. However, the variations in environmental factors may have an impact on the quality of water, as changes in these attributes may affect the water bodies. These factors include the topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of the watershed. In this study, the relationship amongst the physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of Rawal watershed was evaluated. The parameters included in the present study could be classified as follows: (a) water quality parameters (b) topographical parameters, (c) geological parameters, (d) lithological parameters, and (e) soil type parameters. Water quality parameters consisted of dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and temperature. The topographical parameters include the slope and aspect of the watershed while the lithological, geological and soil type parameters include the lithology, geology and soil type of the watershed. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship amongst these different parameters. The results have revealed that the correlations of the topographical, lithological, geological parameters with the water quality parameters in the Rawal watershed for the monsoon seasons of June to August mostly have the same trend. Throughout the four year time period, turbidity and temperature parameters had positive correlations with soil type (ranging 0.03–0.24), however had weak correlation with geological and lithological parameters. Dissolved oxygen did not show any relationship with topographical and lithological parameters. The results for pH show that it has weak to fair positive correlations with topographical parameters. However, this analysis is based on the Landsat 8 images extracted for the monsoon seasons of the years of 2017–2020, and to examine a more prominent impact of geographical or environmental factors on the physico-chemical features, a large dataset should be considered.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Quality of Working Life with Organizational Commitment and Employees Productivity of Physical Education Faculties in the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Ramin Ahmadian ◽  
Mahmoud Vafaeian ◽  
Mahlaqa Farshbaf
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between quality of working life with organizational commitment and employees’ productivity of Physical Education Faculties in the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran. The method of this research is a correlation and the statistical community includes all employees (permanent and contract) of Physical Education Faculties in the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran province and equals 854 people. The sample size was calculated as 267 individuals based on Morgan Table that was selected according to stratified random sampling population. Three questionnaires of quality of working life, productivity and personal commitment were used to collect data and their reliability was obtained respectively as 87/81/89 by using Cronbach's alpha. Results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between quality of working life with organizational commitment and employees’ productivity of Physical Education Faculties in the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12677

scholarly journals Kajian kesesuaian lingkungan untuk pengembangan wisata di Pantai Ganting, Pulau Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh

DEPIK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herdiana Mutmainah ◽  
Gunardi Kusumah ◽  
Try Altanto ◽  
Koko Ondara
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Marine Ecotourism

Abstract. Simeulue Island is situated Indian Ocean in western part of Aceh Province, this is one of the outer island in Indonesia. Simeulue has big potency in marine resources such as  clean waters and beautiful beach, coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, Simeulue is very promising as an ecotourism destination. The objective of present study was to evaluate the condition of the water quality and the potency for a marine ecotourism development. The feasibility study was conducted on August in Ganting Beach, Village of Kuala Makmur, Simeulue Island. The purposive random sampling method was used to determine twelve sampling stations. The measured water quality parameters were pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, brightness, BOD5, odors, oil and debris. These parameters were analyized and mapped using software ODV, and then compared to the sea water quality standard for marine tourism as well as the characteristics of the coast to the suitability index of recreational area. The results showed that the water quality of Ganting Beach is very suitable for recreational activities (index 77, category S1)  andit is suitable for swimming and also for boating tourism activities, banana boats and jet skis (index 16, category S2).Keywords: water quality; marine tourism; Ganting Beach Abstrak. Pulau Simeulue, merupakan salah satu pulau terdepan sebelah barat Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), dan terletak di Samudera Hindia.Simeulue memiliki potensi sumberdaya laut yang besar, diantaranya perairan yang besih dan jenih, pantai yang indah, terumbu karang dan hutan bakau, sehingga sangat berpotensi untuk dikembang menjadi tujuan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas perairan dan potensi kesesuaian wisata Pulau Simeulue.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 bertempat di Pantai Ganting, Kelurahan Kuala Makmur, Kabupaten Simeulue. Sebanyak 12 lokasi pengambilan sampel kualitas air ditetapkan secara purposive random sampling. Kualitas air yang diukur meliputi; pH, suhu, salinitas, kekeruhan, oksigen terlarut, kecerahan, BOD5, bau, lapisan minyak dan sampah. Data tersebut kemudian dipetakan dan dianalisis menggunakan software Ocean Data View (ODV), kemudian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk wisata bahari serta karakteristik pantai untuk indeks kesesuaian kawasan wisata rekreasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan Pantai Ganting sangat sesuai untuk kegiatan rekreasi dan berenang (indeks 77, kategori S1) dan sesuai untuk kegiatan wisata berperahu, banana boat dan jet ski (indeks 16, kategori S2).Kata kunci:kualitas perairan; wisata bahari; Pantai Ganting.

scholarly journals RELASI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA KRITIS DAN BERPIKIR LOGIS DENGAN KUALITAS PENULISAN SKRIPSI KUANTITATIF MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM STIT PEMALANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar’atul Lutfiyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Thesis Writing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aims to: (1) determine the relationship between criticalreading skills and the quality of PAI students' quantitative thesis writing, (2)find out the relationship between logical thinking and PAI Student'squantitative thesis quality, (3) find out the relationship between criticalreading skills and logical thinking together with the quality of quantitativethesis writing for PAI students. This research is a quantitative research witha design of product moment correlation analysis and multiple linearregression. The study was conducted at the Pemalang Tarbiyah College ofSciences (STIT). The population is 100 students. The sample was taken byproportionate stratified random sampling of 65 students. Data was collectedthrough questionnaires. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis, testinganalysis prerequisites, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that: (1)there was a positive and significant relationship between critical readingskills and the quantitative quality of PAI students' thesis, (2) there was apositive relationship and significance between logical thinking and PAIStudent's quantitative thesis quality, (3) positive and significance betweencritical reading skills and logical thinking with the quality of quantitativethesis writing for PAI students. This means that the quality of quantitativethesis writing of PAI (Y) students can increase by improving critical readingskills (X1) and the ability to think logically (X2).Keywords: critical reading, logical thinking, and quantitative thesis

Environmental Impact Evaluation of Istanbul Wastewater Treatment and Marine Disposal Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
T. Zambal ◽  
A. Samsunlu ◽  
E. Göknel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment

Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which include secondary stage biological treatment processes. The others have only mechanical treatment units including bar screens and grit chambers. Only one mechanical pre-treatment and marine disposal system, Yenikapi plant, has been operated since 1988 among these 14 plants and six of them are ready for construction. In this paper, the environmental impact of Yenikapi pretreatment and marine disposal system on the water quality of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara has been investigated. Long term water quality measurements which were performed in pre-and post-dischange applications have been evaluated. Water quality parameters including pH, DO, BODs, TKN, P and total coliforms were measured at various sampling stations around the discharge points. A general evaluation of marine outfall systems to be constructed in the scope of Istanbul wastewater treatment project, on the water quality of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus has been presented.

The relationship between health effects in triathletes and microbiological quality of freshwater

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Medema ◽  
I. A. van Asperen ◽  
J. M. Klokman-Houweling ◽  
A. Nooitgedagt ◽  
M. J. W. van de Laar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

This pilot study was carried out to determine the relationship between microbiological water quality parameters and the occurrence of health complaints among triathletes. Data were collected at an Olympic distance triathlon (n=314) and a run-bike-run (n=81; controls for exposure to fresh water). At the time of the triathlon, the concentrations of Escherichia coli , thermotolerant coliforms, faecal streptococci, entero- and reoviruses, F-specific RNA phages, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were examined over the swimming course. Information on the occurrence of health complaints during the competition and in the week thereafter was collected through a written questionnaire. The results show that triathletes and run-bike-runners are comparable with respect to factors other than water exposure (age, sex, training history, physical stress, lower intestinal health complaints during the competition) that may influence the occurrence of health complaints in the week after the competition. Triathletes and run-bike-runners reported gastro-intestinal (7.7% vs 2.5%), respiratory (5.5% vs 3.7%), skin/mucosal (2.6% vs 1.2%), general (3.5% vs 1.2%) and total symptoms (14.8% vs 7.4%) in the week after the event. The health risks for triathletes for all symptom groups are not significantly higher than for run-bike-runners. The geometric mean concentration of faecal indicator bacteria is relatively low: E. coli 170/100 ml; faecal streptococci 13/100 ml, enteroviruses were present at concentrations of 0.1/l. The group of triathletes was homogeneusly and relatively intensely exposed to water; they all swam in the same body of water at the same time and 75% reported to have swallowed freshwater. It was concluded that this study design is suitable to study the relationship between health complaints and microbiological water quality. In the summers of 1993 and 1994, a study will be carried out concerning several run-bike-runs and triathlons in freshwaters of different quality.

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