scholarly journals TB-DOTS PROGRAM;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ANWAR SULEHR ◽  
AYUB `ALI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Supervision ◽  
Suspect Identification ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To assess the performance of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in collection, storage & distribution of drugs andevaluate their effectiveness regarding TB suspect identification, referral, directly observing the intake of medicine, default identification andhealth education in TB-DOTS program. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: In district Toba Tek Singh. Period: From January to Sep2006. Materials & Methods: One hundred and Two LHWs were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Among 102 LHWs, 76.5% were trained in TB-DOTS. Sixty four (62.7%) had qualification matric and above. Collection of the drugswas being performed properly by 87.3%, while 83.4% were storing the anti-TB drugs at proper places. Anti-TB drugs were being distributedto patients daily by 95.1%. Under the direct supervision of LHWs 69.6% of TB patients had completed treatment. In the areas of 58.8% LHWs,TB patients were declared cured after 8 months treatment. Defaulted TB cases were present, in the areas of 19.6% LHWs, while 12.8% of theLHWs had relapsed TB cases in their areas. Most of the LHWs (85.3%) had proper record of medicine and of the patients (84.3%). Conclusion:The experienced and TB-DOTS trained LHWs of urban areas, in the age group of 41-50 years had overall good performance. The LHWs havingqualification matric and above had better performance than the LHWs having middle qualification. TB-DOTS program in district Toba Tek Singhwas working successfully and it should be continued with some improvements and innovations.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS “C”

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Hingoro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine incidence of steatosis in non-responder casesof chronic HCV. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Care Sanatorium inMedicine Department of LIAQUAT University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Period: 26-9-2011to 25 August 2012. Material & Methods: Total 144 non-responders cases of Hepatitis C wereintegrated. Both gender, age 18 to 50 yrs, chronic HCV non-responder cases as well as cases fitfor hepatic biopsy were integrated in study. Grading of Inflammation was carried out as indicatedby histopathological measures. Results: Mean age was 48.5 + 5.2years. Uppermost prevalenceof chronic HCV disease was 65(45.13%) at 41 to 50 years age interval whereas 42(29.1%) caseswere noticed in 31 to 40 yrs age group and 25(17.3%) cases were observed in 20 to 30 yearsof young age group. In this study hepatic steatosis occurrence was observed in 103 (71.5%)cases and these were categories as: grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, as (<33%) 45/103(43.68%), (33to 66%) 35/103(33.98%), (>66%) 23/103(22.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Hepatic steatosisis a important risk factor the cases of HCV to decreased response to antiviral therapy and forprogression toward fibrosis as observed in cases related to metabolic steatosis.

scholarly journals BREECH PRESENTATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 542-545
Author(s):  
SHAHID IRSHAD RAO ◽  
SHAZIA SIDDIQ ◽  
RABIA REHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Breech Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine the frequency of breech presentation at term. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department ofObstetrics and Gynaecoogy, Unit-III, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: June 2010 to May 2011 Material and methods: This study was carriedout in women with the age group 0-40 years. Breech presentation at term (37-41 completed weeks). Results: The frequency of breechpresentation at term was found to be 6.2%. 91% (215) of the patients were delivered by caesarean section and 9% (20) were delivered vaginally.Placenta previa and multiple pregnancy 8.51% each, congenital anomalies 4.25% and in 16.17% of the patients, no obvious cause was found.Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that the frequency of the breech presentation at term increased.

scholarly journals HYPONATREMIA;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1651
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed Javid ◽  
Ayesha Ghafoor ◽  
Ifrah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To find out the frequency of hyponatremia in cases of hepaticencephalopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medicine DGKhan Hospital, DG Khan. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material and Methods: Total80 patients with hepatic encephalopathy either male or female were selected for this study.Hyponatremia was assessed in these selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patientswas 38.34 ± 11.140 years. Hyponatremia was found in 31 (39%) patients. Hyponatremia wasnoted in 13 (41.94%) patients of age group 18-36 years and 18 (36.73%) patients of age group37-55 years. Statistically insignificant association of hyponatremia with age was seen with pvalue 0.6467. Hyponatremia was found in 21 (40.38%) male patients and 10 (35.71%) femalepatients. But the difference of frequency of hyponatremia between male and female patients wasstatistically insignificant with p value 0.8109. Conclusion: Results of this study showed a higherpercentage of hyponatremia in patients with HE. Male were more victim of HE as compared tofemale but insignificant association of hyponatremia with gender is noted. Findings of presentstudy showed that there is insignificant association of hyponatremia with grade of HE, socioeconomicstatus, area of residence and age.

scholarly journals FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Hanif Ullah Khan ◽  
Abdul Waheed Jan ◽  
Abdus Samad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cannulated Screws ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fracture Neck Of Femur ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Study Setting

Fracture neck of femur is a devastating injury. One of its main complicationsis avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. For the fixation of femoral neck fractures,cannulated screws are now universally used. The aim of the study was to determine thefrequency of avascular necrosis in fracture neck of femur fixed with cannulated screws.Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Orthopedic unit of Ayub TeachingHospital Abbottabad. Period: 7th March, 2011 to 6th September, 2011. Material and Methods:Recruiting 113 patients of either gender between 15 to 60 years of age with fracture neck offemur who were fixed with cannulated screws. The data was entered and analyzed with thehelp of SPSS 10.Results: There were 113 patients with an overall mean age of 43.51 years+ 11.94SD. Maximum number of patients was 56 (49.50%) from the age group of 46 to 60years. Avascular necrosis was noted in 23 (20.35%) cases. The maximum number of patientswith avascular necrosis was 13 (56.52%) belonging to the age group of 15 to 25. Conclusion:Avascular necrosis was high in younger ages in displaced fractures of neck of femur treatedwith cannulated screws.

scholarly journals TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN KEINGINAN SUAMI DARI PASANGAN USIA SUBUR TERHADAP METODE KONTRASEPSI VASEKTOMI DI KECAMATAN DENPASAR SELATAN TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Kadek Diah Wulandari ◽  
Ketut Hari Mulyawan ◽  
Desak Nyoman Widyanthini
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Positive Attitudes

ABSTRAK Kota Denpasar merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki akseptor Keluarga Berencana (KB) pria (vasektomi) terendah di Provinsi Bali dengan akseptor rate tahun 2015  sebesar 0,0013. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan keinginan suami dari pasangan usia subur (PUS) terhadap metode kontrasepsi vasektomi di Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan Tahun 2017.  Penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada suami dari pasangan usia subur (PUS) di wilayah Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan tahun 2017  sebanyak 62 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria menjadi akseptor vasektomi, yang dipilih secara multistage random sampling dari 326 pasangan usia subur (PUS) yang berdomisili di 10 desa/kelurahan di Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan. Data pengetahuan, sikap dan keinginan menggunakan metode wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 9,7% suami dari pasangan usia subur (PUS) berkeinginan menjadi akseptor vasektomi, sebanyak 66,1% memiliki pengetahuan kurang dan sebanyak 72,6% memiliki sikap positif terhadap kontrasepsi vasektomi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah dan tidak berkeinginan terhadap metode kontrasepsi vasektomi Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan khususnya BKKBN dapat memberikan sasaran penyuluhan yang lebih mengkhusus kepada masyarakat dengan kelompok umur 35-45 tahun dan diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi sedini mungkin tentang kontrasepsi vasektomi bagi pasangan suami istri. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Keinginan, Metode Kontrasepsi Vasektomi, Suami dari Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS)   ABSTRACT Denpasar City is one of the regions that has the lowest male family planning (KB) acceptor (vasectomy) in Bali with an acceptor rate of 0.0013 in 2015. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and desires of husbands of fertile age couples (PUS) to vasectomy contraceptive methods in the South Denpasar District in 2017. This study use a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on husbands of fertile age couples (PUS) in the District area South Denpasar in 2017 as many as 62 samples that met the criteria of being a vasectomy acceptor, were selected by multistage random sampling from 326 fertile age couples (PUS) who are domiciled in 10 villages / sub-districts in South Denpasar District. Knowledge data, attitudes and desires using the interview method and analyzed descriptively. The results showed 9.7% of husbands of fertile age couples (PUS) wanted to be vasectomy acceptors, 66.1% had less knowledge and 72.6% had positive attitudes towards vasectomy contraception. From this study it can be concluded that more than half of respondents have low knowledge and do not wish to have vasectomy contraception methods. It is expected that health workers, especially BKKBN, can provide counseling targets that are more specific to people in the age group of 35-45 years and are expected to provide information as early as possible about vasectomy contraception for married couples. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Desire, Vasectomy Contraception Method, Husband of a Fertile Age Partner (PUS)

scholarly journals OBESITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
ABDUL SALAM MALIK ◽  
MUNIR AHMAD AZHAR ◽  
KHALIL AHMAD SHAHID
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To assess frequency of obesity among college adolescent male and female students on BMI-Prime bases throughanthropometric. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: At higher secondary colleges located in urban areas of Bahawalpur City. Period: FromFebruary 2009 to March 2009 Materials & Methods: Assessment of obesity among 400 college male & female students equally divided, agesfrom 16 to 23 years was carried out on BMI-Prime bases. Weight categories so achieved were stratified and labeled. Results: There were3(0.75%) severely under weight, 44(11%) under weight, 273(68.25%) normal, 68(17%) over weight, 9(2.25%) obese and 3(0.75%) wereclinically obese. There was no morbidly obese. No statistical gender difference for severely under weight and clinically obese was noted.However females were more under weight (p<0.05) while males were more over weight (P<0.05) and obese (P<0.05) when compared witheach other. C o n c l u s i o n : The adolescent female college students were under weight when compared to their male colleagues. The frequencyof obesity was higher among male students

scholarly journals Frequency of different symptoms in patients with COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-935
Author(s):  
Sehrish Shafique ◽  
◽  
Naveed Faraz ◽  
Hina Wasti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To find out the common symptoms in COVID -19 patients in association with age and gender. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Study was conducted by approaching patients with COVID 19 positive in clinics, hospitals and those isolated at homes. Period: May 2020 to August 2020. Material & Methods: This study was conducted in Karachi by filling up the proformas from patients diagnosed as COVID 19 during a period of 4 months. All the patients with 25 -75years of age, and diagnosed with COVID 19 positive were considered as a part of study. Data was written in a form of questionnaire.95% confidence interval was taken. For entry of data SPSS version 20 was used. Results: A total of 150 cases were included after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which 80(53.3%) were males and 70 (46.6%) were females. Most of the COVID -19 patients in our study between the age group of 61-75yrs (57%) followed by 46- 60yrs age group (30 %). This study also showed that fever and cough was among the commonly occurring symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Patient with different symptoms present in COVID-19 although cough and fever were the most common symptoms seen although few patient were symptoms free although COVID-19 positive.

scholarly journals Misuse of drugs in the District of Bamako, Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Tidiane Diallo ◽  
Abdourahamane Diara ◽  
Sanou Khô Coulibaly ◽  
Youssoul Konaté ◽  
Hinde Hami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analgesic Drugs

Introduction: In Mali, the irrational use of drugs constitutes a public health problem through the misuse of certain psychotropic and / or analgesic drugs for drug addiction purposes. The aim of this study was to measure the consumption of drugs diverted from their therapeutic use in Bamako. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Bamako with a sample of 260 respondents: 98 health workers and 162 clients (pharmacies) / patients (hospitals). Results: Men were more affected than women, with 62% of cases. The 15-45 age group accounted for 55% of cases. According to the results, workers and students respectively represented 19% and 17% of cases. Promethazine (20%), the combination Paracetamol / codeine / caffeine (13%) and Tramadol (11%) were the drugs most commonly used and diverted from their medical use among clients of pharmacies. According to pharmacists, the drugs affected by misuse were Misoprostol (10%), Clonazepam (9%) and Promethazine (9%). According to doctors and nurses, Misoprostol, Promethazine and diazepam were used for other purposes with 23%, 16% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: In order to reduce this practice, a synergy of action by health professionals is essential for the rational use of drugs.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

End Organ Damage in Hypertensive Geriatric Age Group: A Cross Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Prakashkumar Kyada ◽  
Kunal Jadhav ◽  
T. K. Biswas ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Objective: Hypertension is one of the common risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases/disorders A developing country like India faces the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases; of the which, hypertension is the most important treatable cause of mortality and morbidity with loss of functional capacity and decline in the quality of life. Aim: To study the prevalence of end organ damage in the hypertensive geriatric age group. Method: The present study was a cross sectional study, conducted in 150 elderly patients admitted in MGM Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India with the diagnosis of stage I or II hypertension from 2011 to 2013. Results: Data analysis of the present study showed that 68% of elderly population aged between 60 to 69 years were suffering from hypertension. Compared to males, females had a higher rate of target organ damage. This study found that out of all patients with total end organ damage, 54.6 % had CVS complications, 15.7 % had hypertensive retinopathy, 25.9 % and 18.51 had raised creatinine and proteinuria respectively. 19.4 % had cerebrovascular accident (CVA) complications. Among Cardiovascular related complications Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 21 patients, out of them 7 had Congestive cardiac Failure (CCF). Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common complication and seen in 38 patients. 13.8 % patients had Regional Wall Motion Abnormality (RWMA) Conclusion: The present study concluded that Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) is the commonest type of hypertension in geriatric age group. This study concluded that the most common risk factors of HTN in the elderly are sedentary life style, dyslipidemia and extra salt intake while the most common end organ damage was observed to be Left Ventricular Hypertrophy followed by renal dysfunction. Keywords:  Hypertension,  Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Dyslipidemia.

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