scholarly journals TUBERCULOSIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
ABDUL SALAM MALIK ◽  
GULZAR AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Physician Advice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decentralized Government

Objective: To identify the factors responsible for noncompliance of Anti Tuberculous Treatment in TB patients. StudyDesign: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study. Place & Duration: The study was Carried out at Chest diseases and Tuberculosis unit BahawalVictoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 15th May 2007 to 15th August 2007. Subject & Method: The tuberculous patients who abandoned antituberculoustreatment repeatedly were interviewed for determination of their reasons to be defaulter before completing therapy byquestionnaire method. The patients were AFB positive on every non-compliance episodes. Results: The total number of 100 noncompliantpatients were interviewed. It was noted that 63% were males and 37% were females among them. There were 72% married and 28%unmarried from total patients. The treatment source was asked and found that 92% used government health out let only and 8% used privateservices also from them. Conclusion: TB is curable disease so health education should be imparted through electronic media andcommitted field teams stressing to take regular and complete ATT according to the physician advice removing the social belief against TBdrugs. Decentralized government and private sector coordination is essential to give treatment at doorstep to reduce dropout and defaultertendency. Stigma of TB as a disease of the illiterate & poor still persists.

scholarly journals Condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras y las formas de contratación en Medellín, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Marleny Zapata Herrera ◽  
Nora Eugenia Zapata Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Term Contract ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conditions Of Work ◽  
Total Coverage

 Resumen Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de trabajo y de organización del profesional de enfermería en diferentes formas de contratación laboral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con selección de 552 enfermeras que laboraban en instituciones de 2°, 3° y 4° nivel de atención en salud en una ciudad colombiana; con un tamaño muestral por conglomerados representados por 31 IPS. Se usó el cuestionario de Condiciones de Trabajo (qCT) validado para Latinoamérica. Resultados: Predominaron las enfermeras con edades entre 25 y 34 años (55%), solteras (52%), en instituciones privadas laboraba el 63,5%, en modalidad de contrato a término indefinido 51%. El promedio de valoración de las condiciones de trabajo y de organización fue positiva en todas las escalas qCT acorde con la media y desviación estándar. El tipo de contratación tiene peso en la determinación de las condiciones de trabajo, pero no es el único indicador. Conclusión: Las mejores condiciones de trabajo y de organización como mayor antigüedad laboral, mayor salario, cubrimiento total de la seguridad social y prestaciones sociales, se dan en las enfermeras que laboran en contrato a término indefinido y en empresas de carácter privado.Abstract Objective: To describe the conditions of work and organization of professional nursing in different forms of contracting. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was made by selecting 552 nurses who were working in institutions of 2°, 3° and 4° health care level in a Colombian city; with a sample size for conglomerate represented by 31 IPS. The questionnaire on working conditions (qCT) validated for Latin America was used. Results: Nurses aged between 25 and 34 years (55%) prevailed, those who were single 52%, in private institutions 63.5% and with an indefinite-term contract 51%. The average assessment of the conditions of work and organization was positive in all scales qCT according to the mean and standard deviation. The type of hiring is important in the determination of working conditions, but it is not the only indicator. Conclusion: The best conditions of work and organization such as greater seniority, higher salary, total coverage of the social security and social benefits, are given to nurses who work in indefinite-term contract and private companies.

scholarly journals Determinación De Las Principales Causas De Accidentes De Tránsito En El Ecuador Desde El 2016 Hasta 2018/Determination of the Main Causes of Transit Accidents in Ecuador Since 2016 Until 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Barrera-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén Pazmiño-Maji
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical

Los accidentes de tránsito en el Ecuador han causado muchos problemas en el ámbito social, ocupa el segundo lugar en mortandad por accidentes de tránsito en Latinoamérica. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define un accidente de tránsito como un problema para la salud pública mundial y pueden causar graves consecuencias en las personas y generar altos costos económicos para el país, de allí la necesidad de realizar este estudio. El objetivo de ésta investigación es determinar cuáles son las principales causas que ocasionan los accidentes de tránsito, los datos fueron proporcionados por la Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (ANT) durante los años 2016, 2017 y 2018. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, de corte transversal y además un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio e inferencial no experimental. Se realizó inicialmente un estudio de normalidad de las variables de, luego se procedió a emplear pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas tales como Kruskal-Wallis (H-test) y Wilcoxon. Como parte de los resultados se encontró que la causa principal que provocó la mayor cantidad de fallecidos en accidentes de tránsito fue la de conducir desatento a las condiciones de tránsito. Traffic accidents in Ecuador have had many problems in the social field, occupies the second place in death and traffic accidents in Latin America. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a traffic accident as a problem for world public health and can cause severe consequences for people and generate high economic costs for the country, hence the need to carry out this study. The objective of this research is to determine which are the leading causes that cause traffic accidents, and the data was provided by the National Traffic Agency (ANT) during the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. The research is quantitative, cross-sectional and also descriptive, exploratory and nonexperimental inferential study. Initially, a normality study of the variables was carried out, then nonparametric statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis (H-test) and Wilcoxon were used. As part of the results, it was found that the leading cause that caused the most significant number of deaths in traffic accidents was driving inattentive to traffic conditions. Palabras Claves: accidentes de tránsito, Ecuador, causas, mortalidad, consecuencias serias. Keywords: traffic accidents, Ecuador, causes, mortality, serious consequences.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS EKSHUMASI DALAM MEMPERKIRAKAN SAAT MATI DI BAGIAN ILMU FORENSIK DAN MEDIKOLEGAL FK UNSRAT BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Kojo ◽  
James Siwu ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Determination of time of death is very important in criminal or civil cases. Exhumation is demolition of grave or autopsy which is conducted for justice by the authorities and stakeholders and the corpse is subsequently examined by a forensic expert. It is expected that there will be some clues to reveal the time and cause of death. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exhumation by using the time span ratio of deaths according to the autopsy report and deaths according to the results of the examination after exhumation. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data in the Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Department, Prof Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. There were 13 cases of exhumation from October untul December 2014, with a percentage of 46% effective and ineffective 54%. From the 7 ineffective cases, 3 cases with undetermined time of death because they were preserved. Four cases had the comparison between the letter of request and the results of the examination. The other 6 cases had accuracy of effective. Conclusion: Exhumation cases became ineffective due to the lack of cases found and preservation of the corpses.Keywords: time of death, exhumationAbstrak: Menentukan saat kematian penting dilakukan baik pada kasus kriminal atau sipil. Ekshumasi adalah penggalian mayat atau pembongkaran kubur yang dilakukan demi keadilan oleh yang berwenang dan berkepentingan dimana selanjutnya mayat tersebut diperiksa secara ilmu kedokteran forensik. Dari hasil ekshumasi dapat dilihat temuan pemeriksaan pada mayat yang dapat menentukan atau memperkirakan lama kematian dan penyebab kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektif atau tidaknya ekshumasi dilihat dari perbandingan rentang waktu lama kematian menurut permintaan visum dan lama kematian menurut hasil pemeriksaan setelah ekshumasi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Data sekunder diperoleh di Bagian Forensik dan Medikolegal FK Unsrat RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado bulan Oktober – Desember 2014. Kasus ekshumasi yang didapat sejumlah 13 kasus: 46% efektif dan 54% tidak efektif. Dari 7 kasus yang tidak efektif, 3 kasus tidak dapat ditentukan lama kematian menurut hasil pemeriksaan karena telah diawetkan terlebih dahulu dan 4 kasus mempunyai perbandingan hari antara surat permintaan dan hasil pemeriksaan. Enam kasus lainnya mempunyai ketepatan atau efektif. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini, sebagian kasus ekshumasi tidak efektif karena minimnya kasus yang ditemukan dan sebagian kasus sudah dilakukan pengawetan.Kata kunci: saat kematian, ekshumasi

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN KATARAK NUKLEARIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Uun Kurniasih ◽  
Lien Herlina ◽  
Siti Ni'mawati
Keyword(s):  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Test

Pekerjaan  dengan paparan sinar matahari merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya katarak. Paparan sinar matahari yang lama cenderung menderita katarak khususnya nuklearis.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hubungan faktor pekerjaan terhadap kejadian katarak nuklearis.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional study.Jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 orang penentuan sampelnya dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data akan dilakukan oleh peneliti, dengan cara observasi dan wawancara dan dianalisa secara statistika menggunakan uji Chi Square (X2). Dari hasil uji statistika didapatkan bahwa dari hasil tabulasi silang ada kecenderungan faktor pekerjaan karena paparan sinar matahari dengan katarak nuklearis, sedangkan berdasarkan uji Chi Square tidak ada hubungan antara faktor pekerjaan karena paparan sinar matahari dengan katarak nuklearis dengan nilai    p = 0,795 (p > 0,1).Kata Kunci          : Faktor pekerjaan  katarak nuklearis ABSTRACTWork with exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for cataracts. Long exposure to the sun tend to suffer from cataracts, especially nuklearis.The purpose of this study is to prove the correlation between the incidence of cataracts nuklearis work.This research is a descriptive study with cross -sectional correlation study. Total sample of 52 people who were taken through the large sample formula in which the determination of the sample by using purposive sampling. The data obtained by observation and interviews, and analyzed statistically using Chi Square ( X2 ).while based on Chi Square test was no association between occupational factors as sun exposure with cataract nuklearis with p = 0.795 ( p > 0.1 ).Keywords             : Occupational factors, cataract nuklearis

scholarly journals Ethanol and Methanol Levels in The Oplosan Liquor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Angki Purwanti ◽  
Ni Putu Aryadnyani
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Methanol Content ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks

Oplosan liquor is one form of illegal drink that is often found in police raids in various areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the ethanol and methanol levels in mixed liquor obtained from the results of the Sector Police raids in Cipayung District, East Jakarta, in 2017. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Determination of ethanol and methanol levels is done by gas chromatography at the Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Health Laboratory. The sample in this study amounted to 14 samples. Based on the research obtained Ethanol content from test material (10.08-50.14)% v/v with an average (28,39±15,09)% v/v and methanol content is (0.08-2.04)% v / v with an average of (0,81±0,72)%v/v. Samples whose ethanol content is equivalent to alcoholic groups A, B, and C are 0%, six bottles (42.86%), and eight bottles (51.13%). All samples contained methanol with levels> 0.01% and were not packaged according to the requirements of the Regulation of the Indonesian Food and Drug Supervisory Agency No. 14/2016 (BPOM). It is suggested to do a follow-up in counseling related to mixed alcohol, especially for adolescents in this area. Further research is suggested to identify illegal drugs in the confiscated alcoholic drinks from this area. It is recommended to the Cipayung District Police to clean the area from mixed alcohol.

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar lipid trigliserida pada pasien usia produktif di Puskesmas Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado periode November 2014 – Desember 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggara E. Watuseke ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Pemsi M. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Disparity

Abstract: Trigliserida is especial fat in human being food and represent especial deposit fat at animal and plant. Increase of trigliserida earn because of body overweight, also physical activities, age, disparity of genetic, or high diet of carbohydrate. Purpose To know picture of trigliserida at productive age pursuant to age at Puskesmas Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang, Manado. Method The design’s study is a descriptive study with cross sectional method. Result Responder owning rate of trigliserida highest reside in spanning age 31-40 years old equal 46,15%, second sequence at spanning age 51 – 60 years old equal 36,36%, third sequence at spanning age 41 – 50 years old equal 20%. Pursuant to gender, responder owning rate of trigliserida highest is men equal to 36,85% and women equal to 16,13%. Pursuant of job responder owning rate of trigliserida highest is private sector 35,72%, PNS equal to 23,81%, and third sequence is unemployment equal 20%. Conclusion: The highest level of trigliserida is from 31-40 years old, male, and who has private jobs. This proves that triglyceride levels can be effected by age, sex, and occupation. Keywords: lipid triglycerides, the productive age. Abstrak: Trigliserida adalah lemak utama dalam makanan manusia dan merupakan lemak simpanan utama pada tumbuhan dan hewan. Peningkatan trigliserida dapat disebabkan oleh kelebihan berat badan, karna juga aktivitas fisik, usia, kelainan genetik, atau diet tinggi karbohidrat. Tujuan penelitian Untuk mengetahui gambaran trigliserida pada usia produktif berdasarkan usia di Puskesmas Bahu, Kecamatan Malalayang, Kota Manado. Desain penelitian Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Hasil penelitian responden yang memiliki kadar trigliserida tertinggi berada pada rentan usia 31 – 40 tahun sebesar 46,15%, urutan kedua pada rentan usia 51 – 60 tahun sebesar 36,36%, urutan ketiga pada rentan usia 41 – 50 tahun sebesar 20%. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, responden yang memiliki kadar trigliserida tinggi terbanyak adalah laki – laki sebesar 36,85% dan perempuan sebesar 16,13%. Berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan responden yang memiliki kadar trigliserida tinggi terbanyak adalah swasta sebesar 35,72%, urutan kedua PNS sebesar 23,81%, dan urutan ketiga tak bekerja sebesar 20%. Simpulan: Kadar trigliserida tertinggi ada pada rentan usia 31 – 40 tahun, jenis kelamin laki – laki dan pekerjaan swasta. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan dengan peningkatan kadar trigliserida.Kata kunci: lipid trigliserida, usia produktif.

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