Public Health Midwives’ role in health education regarding vaginal discharge: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study

During menstruation blood vessels in the uterus are very easily infected because germs easily enter and cause diseases of the reproductive tract. Some of the most common disorders are vaginal discharge and pruritus vulvae (vaginal itching). However, this complaint can be prevented by maintaining the cleanliness of the female organs early on, namely with good menstrual personal hygiene. This study aims to describe the level of personal hygiene knowledge about menstruation. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, with a total sample of 90 people taken by total sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had enough personal hygiene behavior as many as 82 people (91.1%), while good menstrual personal hygiene behavior was 3 people (3.3%), and respondents who had behaviors classified as less than 5 people ( 5.6%). Based on complaints on reproductive organs, respondents who experienced vaginal discharge were 85 people (94.4%) and itching around the genitals was around 83 people (92.2%).

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Hasil diagnostik Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen pada penderita batuk ≥2 minggu di Puskesmas Ranotana, Puskesmas Wenang, dan Puskesmas Sario Manado

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.11699 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ireine S. Waworuntu ◽

John . Porotu'o ◽

Olivia A. Waworuntu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Public Health Service ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Right

Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). In Indonesia, there are about 430.000 new cases, of which 61.000 cases ended in death. This disease has many clinical varieties, therefore, a gold standard for the right and exact diagnosis is needed. The examination of sputum by using Ziehl-Neelsen staining must be more improved for public health service. This study aimed to determine the profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid-fast bacteria) among patients with coughing ≥2 weeks at Ranotana, Wenang and Sario Primary Health Cares (PHCs) by using Ziehl-Neelsen staining. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling method during the period of September 2015 - December 2015. The results showed that there were 38 cases of coughing ≥2 weeks as follows: 15 cases at Wenang PHC, 13 cases at Ranotana PHC, and 10 cases at Sario PHC. The examination of acid-fast bacteria from the 38 cases of three PHCs showed that 1 case (2.7%) had acid-fast bacteria (++). Conclusion: In this study, there was only one case (2,7%) with positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Keywords: cough more than two weeks, tuberculosis, BTA Abstrak: Tuberkulosis adalah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Indonesia memiliki sekitar 430.000 kasus baru dimana 61.000 kasus berakhir dengan kematian. Penyakit ini memiliki gejala klinis yang bervariasi sehingga perlu ditetapkan standar baku untuk menegakkan diagnosis lebih cepat dan akurat. Pemeriksaan sputum dengan pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen harus lebih ditingkatkan pada pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran Mycobacterium tuberculosis (basil tahan asam, BTA) dengan pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen pada pasien batuk ≥2 minggu di Puskesmas Wenang, Puskesmas Ranotana, dan Puskesmas Sario Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan cara total sampling pada kurun waktu September 2015 - Desember 2015. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 38 kasus batuk ≥2 minggu yaitu 15 kasus di Puskesmas Wenang, 13 kasus di Puskesmas Ranotana dan 10 kasus di Puskesmas Sario. Pada pemeriksaan (BTA) di Puskesmas Wenang, Puskesmas Ranotana dan Puskesmas Sario didapatkan BTA (++) 2,7% sedangkan BTA (-) 97,3%.Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 1 kasus (2,7%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis positif

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TUBERCULOSIS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.01.2983 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

ABDUL SALAM MALIK ◽

GULZAR AHMAD

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Private Sector ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Electronic Media ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government Health ◽

Physician Advice ◽

The Social ◽

Decentralized Government

Objective: To identify the factors responsible for noncompliance of Anti Tuberculous Treatment in TB patients. StudyDesign: Cross Sectional Descriptive Study. Place & Duration: The study was Carried out at Chest diseases and Tuberculosis unit BahawalVictoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 15th May 2007 to 15th August 2007. Subject & Method: The tuberculous patients who abandoned antituberculoustreatment repeatedly were interviewed for determination of their reasons to be defaulter before completing therapy byquestionnaire method. The patients were AFB positive on every non-compliance episodes. Results: The total number of 100 noncompliantpatients were interviewed. It was noted that 63% were males and 37% were females among them. There were 72% married and 28%unmarried from total patients. The treatment source was asked and found that 92% used government health out let only and 8% used privateservices also from them. Conclusion: TB is curable disease so health education should be imparted through electronic media andcommitted field teams stressing to take regular and complete ATT according to the physician advice removing the social belief against TBdrugs. Decentralized government and private sector coordination is essential to give treatment at doorstep to reduce dropout and defaultertendency. Stigma of TB as a disease of the illiterate & poor still persists.

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Burnout Among Formal Caregivers and Risk of Violence Against Institutionalized Elderly

Handbook of Research on Health Systems and Organizations for an Aging Society - Advances in Human Services and Public Health ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9818-3.ch018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 247-262

Author(s):

Susana Valido ◽

Ermelinda do Carmo Caldeira ◽

Felismina Mendes

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Population Aging ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Formal Caregivers

Sociodemographic changes occurring in past decades are reflected as increased population aging, resulting in a higher need to institutionalize elderly. Violence against elderly is a relevant public health problem. The aims of the present cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach were to analyze burnout among formal caregivers at institutions for elderly and to assess the risk of violence against institutionalized elderly. As a part of project ESACA—Envelhecer com Segurança no Alentejo (Prevenir as Quedas e a Violência sobre Idosos)—Compreender para Agir (Aging Safely in Alentejo [Preventing Falls and Violence against Elderly]), the present study analyzed 34 formal caregivers from three institutions that provide care to elderly in the Evora district, Portugal. No situations involving violence against institutionalized elderly were detected. Most participants (96.3%) did not exhibit burnout, although they did report feeling physically and emotionally tired.

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Concern and Attitudes Toward Zika Virus in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n12p1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Gregory Black ◽

Eric Hasenkamp ◽

Nicholas Johnson ◽

Rosanna Ianiro ◽

Ricardo Izurieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Medical Provider ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Vector Borne

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The Zika virus, a member of the flavivirus genus, is an emerging threat to many tropical regions of the world. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and concern in regards to the Zika virus in the community of Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic, with the hopes of guiding future efforts toward public education and prevention of future public health threats. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the rural communities of Jarabacoa during October 2016 and October 2017. Individuals completed a 14-point survey evaluating: level of concern towards Zika (1=no concern, 3=neutral, 5=extremely concerned), knowledge level of the disease, use of personal protection against the virus, how people initially heard about the disease and contraception use. RESULTS: Overall, women were more concerned than men about contracting the virus (p<.001, CI -2.510, -0.826). Of the respondents (N=138), 66% learned about Zika from the TV/news and 24.6% from their medical provider. 5% knew Zika was contracted from blood and 2% from pregnancy, and only 17% of respondents knew that it was contracted through sex. For protection from Zika, only 8% used condoms. Of the women trying to get pregnant, none knew Zika could be transmitted through sex. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that women were more concerned about the Zika virus than men and that knowledge about the virus was limited. In general, people are protecting themselves against vector borne transmission but not non-vector borne modes of transmission such as sexual intercourse. Also, public health education is lacking. Further studies are needed with more male participants, focus on contraception and social media’s effect on public health education.

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From Salt to Stroke—Evaluation of a Media Campaign for Sodium Reduction in Philadelphia

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.619261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ann C. Klassen ◽

Suruchi Sood ◽

Amber Summers ◽

Udara Perera ◽

Michelle Shuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

African Americans ◽

Health Education ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Local Health ◽

Sodium Reduction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Sodium ◽

Education Campaigns

Excess dietary sodium contributes to the burden of chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. Media-based health education campaigns are one strategy to raise awareness among populations at greater risk for stroke, including African Americans. During 2014–2015, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health conducted a health education campaign using radio, print news, and transit ads, to promote awareness of the link between dietary sodium, hypertension and stroke, and encourage reduced consumption of high sodium foods. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, street intercept surveys were conducted with ~400 Philadelphia residents representing the campaign's priority audience (African Americans ages 35–55) before and 6–13 weeks after the campaign, to evaluate both process (campaign exposure) and impact (recall of key health messages). Thirty percent of post-campaign respondents reported familiarity with one of the most engaging radio spots, and 17% provided accurate unaided recall of its key content, with greater recall among older respondents and frequent radio listeners. Forty-one percent of post-campaign respondents named stroke as a consequence of excess salt consumption, compared to only 17% of pre-campaign respondents, with greater awareness of the salt-stroke connection among those accurately recalling the radio spot from the campaign. Results suggest that priority populations for sodium reduction can be effectively reached through radio and transit campaigns. From a pragmatic perspective, street intercept surveys may offer one low resource strategy for evaluating public health education campaigns conducted by local health departments, especially among urban populations.

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Rapid assessment of expansion of nursing, paramedical and public health education and it?s implication on quality of education

Journal of Institute of Medicine ◽

10.3126/jiom.v34i3.8912 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Md HK Talukder ◽

R Nazneen ◽

Md Z Hossain ◽

N Akther ◽

IJ Chowdury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Health Sector ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Present Situation ◽

Quality Of Education ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Bangladesh is facing many challenges in health care that are similar to other developing countries. In Bangladesh standard of paramedical, nursing, pharmacy and public health education are expanding rapidly which needs to call for assessment and evaluation to be up to date in the respective fields. Study aims to assess the expansion of Nursing, Paramedical & Public health Education in Govt. & non Govt. sectors & its implication on quality of education. Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional explorative study, conducted among the teachers and student of different institutes. Questionnaire was developed and a FGD was done. Then the data was analyzed. Results: At present situation, the numbers of non govt. organizations are more than govt. organizations (127 vs. 85). SWOT analyses showed the overall strength of the institutions were the scope for further improvements and the political commitments for expansion. Weaknesses lie in the lack of adequate infrastructure, suboptimal technical and laboratory facilities and teaching staffs. Opportunities were, increasing demand and provision of jobs at home and abroad. Possible threats were loss of quality services, recognition and registration of the institutes. Regarding the overall organization of the courses, 43% of the students voted as good and 100% of the teachers showed positive opinion. Regarding the teaching-learning procedure, 41% of the teachers strongly agreed about the perfect selection of the students. 48.3% teachers agreed about the adequacy of the number of teachers. 47.8% students also agreed with the competency of the teachers. Nearly one third teachers as well as students agreed about the good physical environment of the institute. About 35% and 36% of the teachers and the students respectively agreed about the transparency of the assessment systems. Conclusions: Present Bangladesh Govt. has implemented various initiatives regarding health sector reform. Proper funding, management, monitoring and evaluation can improve present situation and thus help in the development of better institutional output. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8912 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:21-27

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Knowledge and Practices of Wound Care Among Animal Bite Cases Attended at Institute of Public Health

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14111 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Rowshan Ara ◽

Md Nasir Uddin ◽

Md Abdul Wahab ◽

Shahneela Ferdousi ◽

Lubna Khondker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Educational Level ◽

Wound Care ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Educational Programme ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male And Female ◽

Medicine Today ◽

Attending Physicians

Animal bite is common in Bangladesh. A cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out at the Institute of Public Health (IPH), Dhaka to find out the knowledge and practices related to wound care among animal bite cases during the month of February, 1998. A total of 200 patients were interviewed, 55% of them came from urban area. Maximum (65.5%) patients were teenagers and adult (above 13 yrs.) with mean age 22.15 yrs. Male and female ratio was 80.5:19.5. Majority of cases were poor (76.5%) and only 12% attained educational level of SSC pass or above. In 92.5% cases dog was the biting animal, 60% of which were stray. Only 91(45.5%) patients took immediate measures for wound care. Of them only 11 patients knew and washed the wound by soap and water and 3 patients did it after getting advice from physicians. 134 (67%) patients consulted with physicians one hour to several days after, whereas 33% within one hour. Among the attending physicians 31.5% were MBBS doctors but 57.5% were Kabiraz, Fakir, Moullana and others. In 50 present animal bite cases, Fold remedies or herbal medicine were advised in comparison to 42% for vaccination. But only 3 (1.5%) patients got the message of wound care by washing with soap and water. Emphasis on planning on educational programme on "What people should do after an animal bite" has been recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14111 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.27-30

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Faculty Perceptions of Certifications in Health Education and Public Health: Implications for Professional Preparation

Pedagogy in Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/2373379920938823 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 237337992093882

Author(s):

Alexis Blavos ◽

Dianne Kerr ◽

Heidi Hancher-Rauch ◽

Jodi Brookins-Fisher ◽

Amy Thompson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Health Education ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Faculty Perceptions ◽

Health Belief ◽

Undergraduate Curriculum ◽

Program Directors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Leaders in the fields of public health and health education/health promotion have been advocating for required credentialing for almost two decades. Recently, some have questioned whether increasing the number of certified professionals could help better differentiate properly trained health educators and public health professionals from others seeking to fill jobs in this professional area. The purpose of this article is to determine how the CHES/MCHES (Certified Health Education Specialist/Master Certified Health Education Specialist) and CPH (Certified in Public Health) credentials are regarded and promoted within the field of health education/health promotion. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed to determine program directors’ ( N = 90) views of credentialing issues. The health belief model and the transtheoretical model were used to determine perceived barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy with regard to promoting credentialing and readiness to require the CHES or CPH exam as part of the undergraduate curriculum. Ninety undergraduate programs completed the survey with the majority reporting that they do not require credentialing of faculty and students as part of their program of study. More than 70% of respondents, however, indicated that they thought credentialing in the fields of public health and health education/health promotion is an important issue. Most program directors indicated there is value in having students credentialed in health education or public health, yet few programs required the CHES or CPH exam as part of their curriculum or exit assessment. There are opportunities to use credentialing both in assessing program curriculum alignment with competencies and student mastery of said competencies.

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Lessons to Be Learnt For Policy Planners on Promoting Health Education on Childhood Fever Management: Evidence from a Cohort of Children with Dengue Fever

International Journal of Current Science Research and Review ◽

10.47191/ijcsrr/v3-i11-01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 03 (11) ◽

Author(s):

S.M. Arnold ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Health Education ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Employment Status ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Health Staff ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Fever Management

Introduction Dengue fever has been a public health challenge in Sri Lanka. Many of the home-based secondary preventive measures are influenced by the parental knowledge on fever. This study was done to describe the level of knowledge on fever among parents and its associations with the events of child’s dengue episode with the view of exploring the components that should be covered in related health educational messages. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in six general medical wards of the premier children’s hospital in Sri Lanka. Parents who were the bystanders of children admitted as suspected cases of dengue according to the surveillance guidelines, consisted the study population. The sample size was determined with a statistical formula. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Data collection was done by two trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics and the chi square test were used with a significance level of 5%. Prior ethics approval was obtained. Results Study sample included 423 parents with a response rate of 99.5%. Most were parents of children of school going age (64.8%) and majority were mothers (97.6%). In more than half (50.4%), the level of knowledge was unsatisfactory. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with the education level (p<0.05), but not with the gender or the employment status (p>0.05) of the parents. A higher knowledge was further associated with a higher utilization of thermometer, and the administration of the correct anti-pyretic dosage and early laboratory diagnosis (p<0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations A higher level of knowledge on fever is associated with favourable clinical events in the dengue episode. The level of knowledge on fever must be improved irrespective of the gender and the employment status of the parents prioritizing those with a lower level of education. Public health interventions must be implemented by regular updating of public health staff’s knowledge on prevention of dengue, fever management their implications on laboratory diagnosis and treatment costs through in service training and in empowering the field health staff in disseminating relevant health education messages to the community.

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