scholarly journals LEVEL OF EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 721-727
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ANWAR SULEHRI ◽  
NIAZ MUHAMMAD SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Planning Methods

Objective: To Investigate the Level of Empowerment of Women in accordance with human rights. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Residence Colony of Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad. Period: August - September 2007. Material & Methods: There were 600 houses and 6 Blocks A, B, C, D, E & F in the Colony. By Simple random sampling 10 houses were taken from each Block by drawing lots. Sixty married women’s between the age of 25 – 45 years (One from each house) were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.2 years. Among the total 60 (100%) Women, 16 (26.6%) were illiterate, while 44 (73.3%) had primary education and above. Only 10(22.2%) out of 44 educated women had graduate and above degree. Thirty-Eight (63.3%) women had the opportunity to use the reproductive health services and family planning, while 22 (36.6%) could not utilize the family planning methods. A total of 40 (66.6%) women had good nutritional status, while 20 (33.3%) had imbalances in nutrition. Nineteen (31.6%) women were doing jobs in different public and private institutions, while 41(68.3%) had not got opportunity for jobs. Thirty-Three (55%) women had monthly income lessthan Rs.10,000/- per month and 27(45%) had Rs.10,000/- and above. Forty (66.6%) women were given importance and active participation in decision making, in children marriages. house-hold and in political process (vote casting) at all levels, while 20(33.3%) were not given importance in decision making of above matters. Forty -Three (71.6%) woman were given their right of inheritance / property. Fourteen (23.3%)women were forced to wear veil while going out of house. Forty (66.6%) woman admitted to have suffered from violence either psychological, physical or sexual in their life. Safe drinking water supply was available to 30 (50%) women, however sewage disposal, toilet facilities with in house were available to majority of the respondents. A total of 40 (66.6%) women were over all empowered. Conclusions: Women do havehuman rights as well. The results obtained from this study are encouraging but not up to the standards of International Human rights Principles, which are universal, inalienable; indivisible; interdependent and interrelated. 

FAMILY PLANNING

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479
Author(s):  
Ammara Waqar ◽  
Athar Khan ◽  
Khalid Ismail ◽  
Ummara Hanif ◽  
Iqra Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information

In Pakistan the total fertility rate is 4.5 which is too high and the main reason forthis is the low contraceptive prevalence rate of only 28%. A woman’s ability to space and limither pregnancies has a direct impact on her health and as well as on the outcome of eachpregnancy”. The population of Pakistan represents 2.56% of the world’s total population whichmean that every 39th person of the world is resident of Pakistan. Objectives: To highlight thefactors affecting male’s decision making regarding family planning in district Buner KPK. StudyDesign: A cross sectional study. Setting: District Buner, KPK. Period: March, 2015 and July,2015. Methods: Stratified simple random sampling was performed for collecting data. Samplesize of 210 was collected from two Union Councils of Buner. Outcome variable was husband’sdecision making regarding family planning. Researcher administered questionnaire was usedfor data collection. Results: Husband’s decision making regarding family planning was mainlyeffected desire for more children, 68.5% of the respondents were male decision maker whohad desire for more children. Family structure also influence the decision maker’s decision asin nuclear families 90.7% were decision maker were from nuclear family. Religious perceptionand side effects was contributing to family planning decision making. Conclusion: The studyshowed that 71.9% of male and 6.9% female take the decision of family planning. The studyresults showed that desire for more children, lack of information, family structure, and fear ofside effects and perception of people that family planning is against Islam played an importantrole in decision making regarding family planning.

scholarly journals Contraceptive knowledge, practices among women in Garhwal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchita Dixit ◽  
Aaradhana Bandhani
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: Family planning is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as, “a way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily, upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of family groups and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country”. The extensive acceptance of family planning, in a society, is an integral component of modern development and is essential for the incorporation of women into social and economic life. Therefore the present study as well focused on the women knowledge and participation in family planning. Objectives: This study projected to evaluate the knowledge of the women about various family planning methods and its sources of information.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 married women between 15-60 years of age group selected by multistage random sampling. The women were asked to complete the 20 questions including demographic data. Self structured questionnaire was used to evaluate their knowledge about Family planning methods. Subsequently, the data analyzed by using SPSS version 1.2.Results: In this present study knowledge of family planning methods were higher. Female sterilization and use of condom is the most widely known and practiced method of all contraceptive methods followed by oral Pills and IUDs. Health functionaries were found to the more informative as compared to media and others sources of information regarding family planning methods.Conclusions: From the results found in this study it can be accomplish that women’s awareness regarding family planning was higher and found satisfactory.

scholarly journals Family size and marital age

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 107-11
Author(s):  
Helena Siregar ◽  
Azwin Lubis ◽  
M. Arif Nasution ◽  
Indra Kesuma Nasution ◽  
Thamrin Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Of Marriage ◽  
The Impact

A cross sectional study about the relationships between family size and marital age and the impact of educatimt, occupation and family planning programme was conducted in the region of South Tapanuli North Sumatera. The study was performed on 246 married couples by simple random sampling of households in the villages Pakantea, Tamiang, Muarasoro and Sumuran, during the period of September 25 up to October 3, 1982. The eariiest age of marriage for women was 14 years, ancl the latest 20 years. Most of the women (68%) married at 15-20 year. The main education of responders were primary school (67%). The occupational status was mostly (90%) farmer. The mean family size under 20 years old was 6.3 and over 20 years, 5.3. Fertility rate under 20 years was still high. Family Planning was not yet widely accepted in this area.

scholarly journals A comparative study on women empowerment in urban and rural setting in Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
P. Saravanakumar ◽  
J. Elizabeth Varakumari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Women empowerment is vital for decision making on nutrition, health-seeking, family planning and economic issues for the family as a whole. In reality, there is prevalence of unequal gender norms among the women in India in urban and rural area. The objective of the study was to compare the empowerment of women in urban and rural setting in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nandivaram (RHTC) and Shenoy Nagar (UHTC) attached to Government Kilpauk Medical College among 200 married women of age 15-49 years with a semi-structured questionnaire during June 2018. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 16. Chi Square test and logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results: Mean age in rural group was 26.74±6.45 years and 30.4±7.35 in urban. Illiterates were 27% in rural and 14% in urban. About 67% were homemakers in rural vs. 43% in urban. About 33% were BPL in rural vs. 21% in urban. Decision making regarding household decisions, about73% in rural vs. 87% urban had participated. In health seeking behavior, 77 % in rural had no say while only 45% in urban. For Family planning, 33% in rural vs. 74% in urban had decision making which were statistically significant. Only 33% contributed to family income in rural vs. 47% in urban.Conclusions: Women empowerment is better in urban setting than rural setting. There is a strong need to create awareness and training in rural setting for better productive life.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of Implanon uptake in Ugu (Ugu North Sub District) 2016/17

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Anudha Moodley ◽  
Ozayr Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The contraceptive implant (Implanon) has been recognised as one of the most effective family planning methods and is a healthier choice for women in Africa due to its efficacy and convenience. Despite the evidence of effectiveness and safety of the implant, the actual uptake for Implanon use in the Ugu district of KwaZulu-Natal is relatively low. The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with Implanon uptake in Ugu North Sub District 2016/17.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study with an analytical component using self-administered questionnaires to collect information from 385 participants using randomised systematic sampling was conducted at family planning clinics at GJ Crookes Hospital and seven surrounding primary health care clinics. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations.Results: Some 16% (n = 60) of the participants utilised Implanon. Despite having the correct knowledge 65.7% (n = 220) were not willing to use Implanon if it were offered. In addition, 55% of participants (n = 177) believed Implanon had more side effects. Parity ( 4 children) was found to be a statistically significant protective factor against (p 0.05) Implanon uptake.Conclusion: Implanon is a highly unattractive method of contraception for women residing in the Ugu North Sub District. Fear of side effects and invasive method of insertion were identified as the major barriers to Implanon use. Education and increased patient awareness are strategies to increase the desirability and uptake of Implanon.

scholarly journals Evaluation of husband–wife communication regarding family planning among the couple of reproductive age group in the field practice area of Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Gayathry ◽  
M. Ramsagar Reddy ◽  
B. V. Rammana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Choice ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Individual Decisions

Background: Fertility decisions occur within specific social contexts and social norms therefore restrict individual decisions on fertility and behaviors related to family planning such as spacing and limiting of births and using contraception which reflects the importance of effect of inter-spousal communication on the contraceptive method choice and future intention of method use. Hence the objective of present study is to evaluate the husband wife communication and contraceptive use, method choice and timing of initiation of discussion among couples in study area.Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013 - January 2014 among couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, questions related to awareness, sources and decision making towards family planning was administered to 406 couples of study area.Results: It has been observed that regarding decision making, about 39.4% of the men had taken a decision on the use of contraceptive methods, and only 21.7% wives had autonomy of using contraception of their choice. Around 67.5% of the men had discussion with their wives about the family planning and more than half (57%) of the time the discussion was initiated by men.Conclusions: Husband was the decision maker in nearly half of the couples and family planning was discussed among majority of respondents. Family planning education should be encouraged through effective IEC programs and strategies for promoting husband wife communication should be considered inorder to increase family planning adoption.

scholarly journals Awareness regarding birth spacing family planning methods among antenatal mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Vidhya Rajan ◽  
Saraswathi Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: According to WHO, the ideal interval between two pregnancies is 24 months. In India the contraceptive needs of young couples especially in the area of spacing pregnancies is largely unmet. Hence this study is undertaken to know the pre-existing knowledge of our antenatal population regarding contraceptive methods available for birth spacing. Aim of the study was to the knowledge and attitude regarding birth spacing family planning methods among antenatal mothers.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Antenatal mothers attending the antenatal outpatient department of SBMCH, who are intending to have another child are invited to participate in this study. With informed consent, they are asked to fill a questionnaire, with questions regarding their knowledge and attitude towards the advantages and disadvantages of various contraceptive methods for birth spacing. The results of the study were analyzed by statistical analysis inrespect to various demographic factors of the population.Results: Total 92%of antenatal mothers were aware of health benefits associated with birth spacing. Yet only 45% were willing to adopt a method of contraception. Condoms is the most commonly preferred method for contraception (33.3%) and fear for side effects (43%) is the most common reason for not accepting a particular method of contraception.Conclusions: Though the awareness regarding the need and methods available for birth spacing methods of are widely prevalent in our urban based population, there is still a high percentage of mothers with misconceptions regarding the side effects associated with the birth spacing methods. Hence health education and counselling would improve the acceptance of contraceptive methods for birth spacing.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding family planning among the reproductive age women of Khopasi, Kavrepalanchowk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Naresh Manandhar ◽  
Isha Amatya ◽  
Arundhati Gautam ◽  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Himanshu Ahlawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background: Uncontrolled population growth has been a problematic issue all over the world. Knowing the women’s and their husband’s knowledge and attitude towards family planning may help to intervene so that the practice can be increased. This might ensure the right of women to have child as they wish and later reduce unwanted pregnancies and abor­tions. Hence the present study is concerned with knowledge and attitude of women towards family planning. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 10th-15thNovember 2019 among women of reproductive age of Khopasi, Kavrepalanchowk. Structured questionnaire consisting of knowl­edge, attitude and practice regarding family planning was administered to reproductive women age. Results: All respondents heard about the family planning methods. More than 90% of respondents knew about Norplant, Pills, Depo-Provera and condoms.60.8% respondents were currently using family planning methods. It has been observed that the respondents had positive attitude towards family planning. Conclusions: Knowledge about family planning methods was good among the reproductive age women whereas the practice and attitude seemed satisfactory. The knowledge about emergency contraceptive and abortion were poor among the reproductive age women. One of the promising findings of the study was, the majority of respondents showed a positive attitude towards contra­ceptive use. There is need to target these population for health education interventions in order to achieve the desirable practices.

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