scholarly journals PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD AYAZ BHATTI ◽  
MAHMOOD UR RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public

Objectives: To measure the current status of preventive activities in civil and military hospitals. To compare the quantum ofpreventive and curative activities in the hospitals. To make recommendations for promotion of preventive activities to reduce the curative burdenfrom the hospitals. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Sampling Technique: Universal sampling. All the major military and publicsector hospitals having bed strength more than 400 in Rawalpindi were included in the study. All the preventive and curative work was taken intoaccount. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was developed and data regarding the quantum of work was collected from all the fourmajor Military and civil hospitals having bed strength more than 400 beds through registers and annual reports of the hospital and was analyzedin the form of frequencies, tabulation, cross tabulation, percentages and was displayed in tables and graphs using SPSS (10.5), Microsoft Exceland calculus. Results: Only seven percent work is preventive and ninety three percent is curative. In the preventive activity MH is marginallyhigher than the rest of the hospitals. In all the hospitals among the preventive activities 31% are antenatal visits, 20 % tetanus toxoid injection,19% BCG, Growth monitoring 13%, Measles injection 11% and family planning 6% in all the hospitals. Ante natal activities in the army sectorhospitals are more prominent 39-44% and also in the public sector 17-26%. Next to the antenatal are tetanus toxoids to pregnant ladies whichrange from 16-35% in military and 16-20 % in the public sector hospitals. Growth monitoring is more efficiently carried out in the RawalpindiGeneral Hospital i.e. 17% while in others 7-12%. Family Planning services are delivered very poorly only 9% in RGH and 6% in DHQ, zero % inCMH and 5% in MH. Measles vaccination is carried out efficiently in DHQ 27%, 11% in RGH and 8% in MH and again poorly 3% in CMH. BCG is27% in DHQ, 20% in MH, 17% in RGH and 10% in CMH. Conclusions: The study show that hospitals are showing very poor performance inpreventive aspect and this is the reason that countries like Pakistan are facing economic burden on the national exchequer and this burden willkeep on increasing if no appropriate action is taken.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL KARYAWANPT. FAMILY RAYA GURUN LAWEH LUBUK BEGALUNG PADANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Hidayati Hidayati ◽  
Haria Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Relationship Of

Periodontal disease is one of the oral cavity diseases that has a high prevalence. Periodontal disease is often chronic and one of the public health problem. Data of the annual reports Padang Health Department in 2008, showed that periodontal disease is fourth highest in the community. Aim of this study is determine the relationship of smoking with periodontal disease the employees of PT. Family Raya Gurun Laweh Lubuk Begalung Padang. Design of this study is Cross Sectional Study. The research was conducted at Gurun Laweh Nan XX street, Lubuk Begalung district, Padang on 27 January to 6 February 2012. This population study is an employee of PT. Family Raya Gurun Laweh Lubuk Begalung Padang, the sample size is 70 peoples. Sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling, data collection was done by a questionaire, and data processing and analysis by computer. The result showed that most (80 %) of respondents were smokers, and more than half of the respondents (61,4 % ) has a final stage of periodontal destructive disease. The result of the analysis showed that there is a significant relastionship between smoking habits with periodontal disease index (p=0,0001). In efforts to prevent periodontal disease, can be done by giving guidance to the public to abandon the habit of smoking to prevent the occurence of more severe periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Male Involvement in Family Planning: Challenges and Way Forward

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Adelekan ◽  
Philomena Omoregie ◽  
Elizabeth Edoni
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Public Health Officials

Public health officials have advocated the involvement of men as a strategy for addressing the dismal performance of family planning (FP) programmes. This study was therefore designed to explore the challenges and determine way forward to male involvement in FP in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osogbo, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study involved the use of a four-stage sampling technique to select 500 married men and interviewed them using semistructured questionnaire. In addition, four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted. Mean age of respondents was 28.5 ± 10.3 years. Some (37.9%) of the respondents’ spouse had ever used FP and out of which 19.0% were currently using FP. Only 4.8% of the respondents had ever been involved in FP. Identified barriers to male involvement included the perception that FP is woman’s activity and was not their custom to participate in FP programme. More than half of the FGD discussants were of the view that men should provide their wives with transport fare and other resources they may need for FP. The majority of the respondents had never been involved in family planning with their wives. Community sensitization programmes aimed at improving male involvement in FP should be provided by government and nongovernmental agencies.

Baseline assessment of therapeutic injection practices in Pakistan in 2020: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Syed Sharaf Ali Shah ◽  
Safdar Pasha ◽  
Nikhat Iftikar ◽  
Altaf Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Nazia Farrukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Injection Safety

Objective: To assess the magnitude of the problem of injection safety in public and private health facilities in two districts of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between October and December 2020 among public and private health facilities of two districts of Pakistan: Gujarat in Punjab and Larkana in Sindh provinces. A convenient sample size of 60 healthcare facilities (30 from each district) was taken due to time and resource constraint. Six data collection tools were used which included structured observations and interviews with injection prescribers and providers based on WHO Revised Tool C, which were finalised after piloting. Results: Reuse of injection equipment was not observed in any of the 60 health facilities. In exit interviews of 120 patients, it was found that 27 (22.5%) patients reported receiving an injection, while 11 (9.2%) were prescribed intravenous (IV) drips. More injections and drips were prescribed in the private sector (n=15; 25.0%) in comparison with the public sector (n=12; 20.0%). Slightly higher proportion of IV drips were prescribed by the private providers when compared to public sector healthcare providers: 6 (10.0%) vs 5 (8.3%) respectively. Most of the prescribers (n=58; 96.7%) reported that patients who attended public and private health facilities demanded injectable medicines. Used syringes and drips were noted to be visible in open containers and buckets for final disposal in 20 (33.3%) assessed health facilities. Continuou...

scholarly journals Identify the Causes of Absenteeism in Nurses Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Kanwal ◽  
Ghazala Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Riaz ◽  
Shoumaila Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Usual Pattern

Absenteeism is a usual pattern of absence from a duty or responsibility. Usually, absenteeism is considered as an indication of person poor performance. In this study a descriptive cross sectional study design was used. A close ended questionnaire was used as a research tool. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20 version. Nurses are absent from their duties because they suffer from minor ailments e.g. headache and backache? In response of this question, 42.5% responded said that they are strongly agreed, 17.5% were agreed, 8.8% were neutral, 21.3% were disagreed, and 10% were strongly agreed. Nurses do absent from their work because workload is too heavy, 42.5% were agreed, 30% were strongly agreed, 12.5% were neutral,7.5% were disagreed and 7.5% were also strongly disagreed. The lack of appropriate recognition and reward could lead to dissatisfaction and absenteeism among nurses, in response of this question nurses asked that they do absent 31.3% agreed, 41.3% strongly agreed, 15.0% are neutral, 12.5%are disagreed and 0% are strongly disagreed. Staff absenteeism is a growing management concern. It can contribute to sickness absence, staffing instability, work overload and job dissatisfaction that could have a negative impact on patient care. The rate of absenteeism can be reduced by productive management, and loyal leadership. It will not only reduce absenteeism rate but also improve quality of care toward the patients. In return of good performance nurses need appraisal.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-2: 110-114

scholarly journals Evaluation of rational prescribing and dispensing of medicines in Mali

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Coulibaly ◽  
Fanta Sangho ◽  
Aboubacar Alassane Oumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Prescribing

Objective: The drug policy of Mali is based on the concept of essential generic drugs. The adoption of generic drugs in a program is often accompanied by irrational use of these drugs precisely because of the availability of these drugs. Thus, this study was initiated to assess the quality of prescribing and dispensing drugs in Mali. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2004 to 2013, the survey was conducted in 20 primary health centers and 20 private pharmacies in three regions of the country. In each of these structures, 30 prescriptions filled at the time of the survey were collected. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.0 ± 1.3 and 2.4 ± 1.2, respectively, in the public and private sectors. Prescription of drugs under international name was 91.6% in the public sector and 37.2% in the private sector. The public sector prescribed 33.7% of injectable drug against 16.2% in the private sector (p <0.001). The average cost of a prescription was lower in the public sector (3415.3 FCFA or 5.21euros) than in the private sector (7111 FCFA or 10.85 euros).Conclusion: Generic drugs are commonly used in the public, but much less in the private sector. The treatment guidelines are already available, should be introduced interactively to medical practitioners, through visits and intensive supervision by more experienced managers in the hierarchy, it would be likely to improve the quality of prescribing practitioners.

scholarly journals Violence against the Brazilian elderlies: an analysis of hospitalizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Carla de Castro ◽  
Leidyani Karina Rissardo ◽  
Lígia Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Old Men

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of physical aggression and neglect and abandonment in the hospitalizations of Brazilian elderly people for violence and assault from 2008 to 2013 and the association of these causes with socio-demographic variables related to hospitalization. Method: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with elderlies hospitalized for assault. Inclusion criteria: to be 60 years old or over, to have been hospitalized in the Unified Health System (SUS) for assault or neglect and abandonment, between 2008 and 2013. The data were collected in February 2016, in Datasus database and descriptive and inferentially, using the Chi-square distribution, in the Epi Info 3.5.4 program. Results: the prevalence of hospitalizations due to assaults and violence prevailed among 60 and 69 years old men in the public sector. For abandonment and neglect, there was a higher prevalence in women, over 80 years old, in the public sector. Conclusion: nurses must be able to identify and prevent violence against the elderly.

scholarly journals Determinants of Helminthic Infections and Anemia among Schoolchildren in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yeshimebet Fetene ◽  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Mulat Yimer ◽  
Megbaru Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Helminthic Infections

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni are the major helminthic parasites that cause major public health problems among schoolchildren in developing countries. Infection with the above parasites decreases the hemoglobin level of children. However, information regarding the current status of helminthic infections and anemia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of helminthic infections and anemia among children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 schoolchildren at Sekelet primary school in northwest Ethiopia, from February to March 2017. Study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were collected and processed via the modified Ritchie’s concentration technique to detect parasites in stool. A HemoCue Hb 201 analyzer was used to determine the hemoglobin level. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software. Association of helminthic infections and anemia with independent variables was determined using logistic regression analysis. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. From the total of 394 participants, 185 (46.9%), 164 (41.6%), and 112 (28.4%) were infected with intestinal parasites, helminths, and STHs, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni were 106 (25.6%) and 54 (13.7%), respectively. The prevalence of anemia among the schoolchildren was 278 (70.6%). Anemia was prevalent among 55 (51.9%) hookworm-infected and 19 (35.2%) S. mansoni-infected children. Not wearing shoes and improper utilization of latrine were significantly associated ( P < 0.05 ) with hookworm infection, and frequent swimming in the river was also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections were also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with low levels of hemoglobin. Conclusion. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections and anemia are highly prevalent among schoolchildren. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections are significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, helminthic detection and hemoglobin determination should be done simultaneously among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis control activities in the private and public health sectors of Kenya from 2013 to 2017: how do they compare?

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 740-748
Author(s):  
Eunice W Mailu ◽  
Philip Owiti ◽  
Serge Ade ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Marcel Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Background Large numbers of tuberculosis (TB) patients seek care from private for-profit providers. This study aimed to assess and compare TB control activities in the private for-profit and public sectors in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data from the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program. Results Of 421 409 patients registered and treated between 2013 and 2017, 86 894 (21%) were from the private sector. Data collection was less complete in the private sector for nutritional assessment and follow-up sputum smear examinations (p&lt;0.001). The private sector notified less bacteriologically confirmed TB (43.1% vs 52.6%; p&lt;0.001) and had less malnutrition (body mass index &lt;18.5 kg/m2; 36.4% vs 43.3%; p&lt;0.001) than the public sector. Rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation were &gt;95% and &gt;90%, respectively, in both sectors, but more patients were HIV positive in the private sector (39.6% vs 31.6%; p&lt;0.001). For bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB, cure rates were lower in the private sector, especially for HIV-negative patients (p&lt;0.001). The private sector had an overall treatment success of 86.3% as compared with the public sector at 85.7% (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions The private sector is performing well in Kenya although there are programmatic challenges that need to be addressed.

Autonomous Motivation among Employees of Public Sector Medical University: The Role of Demographic Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Maryam Moula Maryam Moula ◽  
Muhammad Akram Sharif ◽  
Faraz A. Wajidi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Medical University

To determine employee autonomous motivation and find out the effect of age and Gender on autonomous motivation among employees working in public sector medical university, Karachi. A Cross-sectional study design was used to conduct this study among employees of public sector medical university. The duration of the study was three months. The sample size of the study was 384. The response rate was 78%, 300 out of 384 duly filled questionnaires were collected. A probability random sampling technique was used to collect data. SPSS software was applied to analyze the collected data. Mean ±SD and % & n were explored for Quantitative and Qualitative variables, respectively. T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied to test hypotheses. P-Value <0.05 was considered significant. 59.3% (n=178) were males. 46% (n=138) were females in age between 25 to 31 years. 53.7 % (n=161) respondent reported their marital status as single. The mean age of the respondents was 30.16±7.03. Factors that motivate employees included salary (34%), positive feedback (26.3%), felt very proud when did well at work (52%), learnt new things (57.7%), , had a feeling of accomplishment (35.3%), Solving work issues made them feel important (26.7%), felt guilty if didn’t accomplish a job-related task (45.3%). The t-test and ANOVA revealed significant effect of gender; t (298) = -2.81, p-value = 0.005, CI [-3.77, -0.66] and age; F (5,294) =2.56, p-Value = 0.027 on employees’ autonomous motivation. It was observed proven that there was a significant effect of gender and age on employee’s autonomous motivation.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices of Meat Hygiene among Meat Handlers and Microbial Profile of Meat in the Jos Abattoir, Plateau State

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
CA Miner ◽  
HA Agbo ◽  
AP Dakhin ◽  
P Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plateau State

Background: Meat handling and sanitation practices can have resultant effects on the quality of meat sold to the public. The study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of meat hygiene amongst meat handlers. It also sought to determine the microbial profile of meat sold in the Jos abattoir of Plateau State. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted among 128 butchers and meat handlers in the Jos abattoir selected by total population sampling technique. Data on knowledge and practice was collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Sampled meat products were analysed for bacterial load using Serial Dilution technique and bacterial pathogens identified by standard procedures. Epi Info statistical software was used for data analysis at a 95% confidence limit. Results: The mean age of respondents was 32.8 ± 10.4 years and all were males. A fair knowledge of meat hygiene was found among 55.5% of respondents while 8.6% were adjudged to have good meat hygiene practices. The mean bacterial load for sampled meat for sale was 2.5 x 103 ± 3.4 cfu/ml. Main bacterial isolates identified were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp and Enterobacter spp.Conclusion: In this study knowledge of meat hygiene was mostly fair among respondents with a low level of meat hygiene practices and a high level of meat bacterial contamination. The study recommended training for meat handlers for hygiene maintenance, increased inspection of meat sold to the public and provision of standard facilities to ensure the maintenance of a good level of meat hygiene.

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