scholarly journals CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Chaudhry ◽  
Faris Mohammed Nour Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Head Height ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Gender Specific

Human body exhibits regular age, sex and race dependent proportions amongstits various segments relative to its height. Knowledge of the cranial morphometry is importantfrom clinical and forensic view point. The stature of a person being genetically predeterminedis an inherent characteristic, the estimation of which is considered to be important assessmentin identification of human remains. Norms of regression formulae for calculation of height arerequired for different populations. Objectives: To document norms for cranial dimensions andpresent linear regression formulae for stature prediction in adult male and female populationof Southern Punjab. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the MultanMedical and Dental College, Multan and took about fourteen months to complete. Materialand methods: The study was conducted on 672 adult individuals (430 males and 242 females)from in and around the city of Multan in Punjab. Measurements of the head including maximumcranial length (glabella-inion length), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter)and maximum auricular head height were taken. Results were expressed as mean ± SD.Height was measured in standing anatomical position. Correlation coefficient of Pearsonwas used to find the relationship between various cranial dimensions using which the linearregression formulae to predict the stature were derived. Results: The mean height of the studypopulation was found to be significantly different between genders. The males appeared tobe considerably taller than females. The mean cranial length, cranial breadth and auricularhead height the measurements were larger significantly in the males as compared to females.Pearson’s correlation coefficient between stature and cranial measurements was found to behighly positive for both sexes. Linear regression formulae to predict the stature from the cranialdimensions were derived. Conclusion: The study is conducted to document norms for cranialdimensions and it presented gender specific linear regression models for stature prediction inadult South Punjab population.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI TENTANG PROFESI FISIOTERAPI DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA AKADEMI FISIOTERAPI UKI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Maksimus Bisa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis study is descriptive analitik, aims to describe the relationship of perceptions about the physiotherapy profession with the motivation to learn students of the Academy of Physiotherapy UKI. Data collection through questionnaires to students of Physiotherapy Academy UKI level 1, 2, and 3 with a sample of 53 students, then give a score of each statement of questionnaire.The result of correlation analysis shows that p = 0,584> α (0,05) ho is accepted, so there is no significant relationship between the two variables. To measure the closeness and intensity of the relationship between the two variables, test of correlation coefficient and simple linear regression. The result of correlation coefficient test (r) obtained by -0,077, lies below the value of -0.30 (very weak) thus can be said there is no relation between perception about physiotherapy profession with motivation learn student Akfis UKI. Result of linear regression analysis obtained equation: Y = 73,52 + (-0,088) X. This means that every 1 point decrease of perception value will influence motivation value equal to 0,088 times.Keywords: Perception, motivation, physiotherapy profession, and learning achievement. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik, bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan persepsi tentang profesi fisioterapi dengan motivasi belajar siswa Akademi Fisioterapi UKI. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner kepada siswa Fisioterapi Academy UKI tingkat 1, 2, dan 3 dengan sampel sebanyak 53 siswa, kemudian memberikan skor masing-masing kuesioner pernyataan. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa p = 0,584> α (0,05) ho diterima, sehingga tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kedua variabel tersebut. Untuk mengukur kedekatan dan intensitas hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut, uji koefisien korelasi dan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil uji koefisien korelasi (r) diperoleh sebesar -0,077, berada di bawah nilai -0,30 (sangat lemah) sehingga dapat dikatakan tidak ada hubungan antara persepsi tentang profesi fisioterapi dengan motivasi belajar siswa Akfis UKI. Hasil analisis regresi linier diperoleh persamaan: Y = 73,52 + (-0,088) X. Artinya setiap 1 titik penurunan nilai persepsi akan mempengaruhi nilai motivasi sebesar 0,088 kali.Kata kunci: Persepsi, motivasi, profesi fisioterapi, dan prestasi belajar.

scholarly journals Effects of Winter Snow Cover on Spring Soil Moisture Based on Remote Sensing Data Product over Farmland in Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2716
Author(s):  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Xingming Zheng ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Xiaojie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
The Relationship

Spring soil moisture (SM) is of great importance for monitoring agricultural drought and waterlogging in farmland areas. While winter snow cover has an important impact on spring SM, relatively little research has examined the correlation between winter snow cover and spring SM in great detail. To understand the effects of snow cover on SM over farmland, the relationship between winter snow cover parameters (maximum snow depth (MSD) and average snow depth (ASD)) and spring SM in Northeast China was examined based on 30 year passive microwave snow depth (SD) and SM remote-sensing products. Linear regression models based on winter snow cover were established to predict spring SM. Moreover, 4 year SD and SM data were applied to validate the performance of the linear regression models. Additionally, the effects of meteorological factors on spring SM also were analyzed using multiparameter linear regression models. Finally, as a specific application, the best-performing model was used to predict the probability of spring drought and waterlogging in farmland in Northeast China. Our results illustrated the positive effects of winter snow cover on spring SM. The average correlation coefficient (R) of winter snow cover and spring SM was above 0.5 (significant at a 95% confidence level) over farmland. The performance of the relationship between snow cover and SM in April was better than that in May. Compared to the multiparameter linear regression models in terms of fitting coefficient, MSD can be used as an important snow parameter to predict spring drought and waterlogging probability in April. Specifically, if the relative SM threshold is 50% when spring drought occurs in April, the prediction probability of the linear regression model concerning snow cover and spring SM can reach 74%. This study improved our understanding of the effects of winter snow cover on spring SM and will be beneficial for further studies on the prediction of spring drought.

scholarly journals The effects of precipitation variability on the canopy cover of forage species in arid rangelands, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Joneidi ◽  
Nahid Azizi ◽  
Khaled Osati ◽  
Isa Bandak
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arid Rangelands ◽  
Annual Plant Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract This research was conducted to monitor changes in canopy cover of typical species during a 10-year period in the part of arid rangelands, to find out the relationship between two important climate variables (precipitation and temperature) and canopy cover changes. For that reason, canopy cover percentages of six dominant perennials and all annual plant species combined were measured during a 10-year period at phenological maturity of plant in thirty 2 m × 2 m plots which were placed along two 250-m transect lines. The results demonstrated that the maximum canopy cover for water year 2006–2007 (wet year) and the minimum value for water year 2012–2013 (drought) were 15 and 5.5%, respectively. The canopy cover was modeled by linear regression in which precipitation and temperature variables were considered independent variables. April precipitation explained 65% of changes in the canopy cover percentage of Artemisia sieberi at 95% confidence level (RRMSE = 0.26 and MAE = 0.49). The best simple linear regression models for estimating canopy cover percentages of Stipa barbata and Zygophyllum eurypterum corresponded to cumulative 4-month precipitation from March to June and March precipitation respectively, representing 77% (at 99% confidence level) and 67% (at 95% confidence level) of changes correspondingly. Considering the dominance of A. sieberi, S. barbata, and Z. eurypterum in floristic composition of the study area, it can be concluded that most changes in canopy cover of the studied rangeland are predicted by variability of precipitation during growing seasons.

BAYESIAN IDENTIFICATION OF OUTLIERS AND CHANGE-POINTS IN MEASUREMENT ERROR MODELS

2005 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 433-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO A. QUINTANA ◽  
PILAR L. IGLESIAS ◽  
HELENO BOLFARINE
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Point Problem ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Outlier Identification ◽  
Change Point Problem ◽  
Error In Variables ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of outlier and change-point identification has received considerable attention in traditional linear regression models from both, classical and Bayesian standpoints. In contrast, for the case of regression models with measurement errors, also known as error-in-variables models, the corresponding literature is scarce and largely focused on classical solutions for the normal case. The main object of this paper is to propose clustering algorithms for outlier detection and change-point identification in scale mixture of error-in-variables models. We propose an approach based on product partition models (PPMs) which allows one to study clustering for the models under consideration. This includes the change-point problem and outlier detection as special cases. The outlier identification problem is approached by adapting the algorithms developed by Quintana and Iglesias [32] for simple linear regression models. A special algorithm is developed for the change-point problem which can be applied in a more general setup. The methods are illustrated with two applications: (i) outlier identification in a problem involving the relationship between two methods for measuring serum kanamycin in blood samples from babies, and (ii) change-point identification in the relationship between the monthly dollar volume of sales on the Boston Stock Exchange and the combined monthly dollar volumes for the New York and American Stock Exchanges.

scholarly journals Factors associated with parasite dominance in fishes from Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Cristina Fernandes do Amarante ◽  
Wagner de Souza Tassinari ◽  
Jose Luis Luque ◽  
Maria Julia Salim Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The present study used regression models to evaluate the existence of factors that may influence the numerical parasite dominance with an epidemiological approximation. A database including 3,746 fish specimens and their respective parasites were used to evaluate the relationship between parasite dominance and biotic characteristics inherent to the studied hosts and the parasite taxa. Multivariate, classical, and mixed effects linear regression models were fitted. The calculations were performed using R software (95% CI). In the fitting of the classical multiple linear regression model, freshwater and planktivorous fish species and body length, as well as the species of the taxa Trematoda, Monogenea, and Hirudinea, were associated with parasite dominance. However, the fitting of the mixed effects model showed that the body length of the host and the species of the taxa Nematoda, Trematoda, Monogenea, Hirudinea, and Crustacea were significantly associated with parasite dominance. Studies that consider specific biological aspects of the hosts and parasites should expand the knowledge regarding factors that influence the numerical dominance of fish in Brazil. The use of a mixed model shows, once again, the importance of the appropriate use of a model correlated with the characteristics of the data to obtain consistent results.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

scholarly journals Reduced left atrial strain in magnetic resonance imaging is associated with abnormal P-waves in patients after acute myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wester ◽  
J Pec ◽  
C Fisser ◽  
K Debl ◽  
O Hamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
P Wave ◽  
P Value ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): ReForM-B-Program Background Abnormal P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) is associated with atrial remodeling. The relationship between PTFV1 and atrial function after acute myocardial injury is insufficiently understood and may be elucidated by detailed feature tracking (FT) strain analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance images (CMR). Purpose We investigated the relationship between PTFV1 and left atrial (LA) strain (measured by CMR) in a patient cohort presenting with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods 56 patients with acute MI underwent CMR within 3-5 days after MI. PTFV1 was measured as the product of negative P-wave amplitude and duration in lead V1 (Fig. A). A PTFV1 >4000 ms*µV was defined as abnormal. CMR cine data were retrospectively analyzed using a dedicated FT software. LA strain (ε) and strain rate (SR) for atrial reservoir ([εs]; [SRs]), conduit ([εe]; [SRe]) and booster function ([εa]; [SRa]) were measured in two long-axis views (Fig. A). Results Patients with abnormal PTFV1 had significantly reduced LA conduit function εe and SRe (Fig. B + D). There was a significant negative correlation between the extent of PTFV1 and both εe and SRe (Fig. C + E). In univariate and multivariate regression models, both PTFV1 and age predicted atrial conduit function. In contrast, multiple clinical co-factors had no significant influence on εe (Table). Interestingly, linear regression models revealed only mild dependency of PTFV1 on conventional parameters of cardiac function such as left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.059; R²(adj.)=0.047), and no dependency on structural parameters such as LA area (p = 0.639; R²(adj.)=0.016), or LA fractional area change (p = 0.825; R²(adj.)=0.020). Conclusion Abnormal PTFV1 was associated with reduced LA function independent from numerous clinical co-factors in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Table N = 56 Linear Regression Analysis Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (R2 (adj.)=0.376, p = 0.016) Variable B 95% CI P value R2 (adj.) B 95% CI P value PTFV1 [µV*ms] -1.628 17085.298 to 27210.854 0.013 0.092 -1.315 -2.614 to -0.016 0.047 Age [y] -425.775 24985.168 to 54634.995 0.002 0.145 -610.815 -982.78 to -238.849 0.001 Body mass indes [kg/m2] -185.653 -3259.187 to 47020.775 0.671 -0.015 -506.096 -1327.357 to 315.165 0.219 Creatinine kinase [U/l] -1.571 14806.991 to 24842.272 0.121 0.027 -1.791 -3.72 to 0.138 0.067 Male sex -893.28 10701.206 to 23504.066 0.802 -0.017 4275.631 -3842.517 to 12393.78 0.292 Estimated glomerular filtration rate [ml/min/1.73m2] 88.617 -4564.177 to 21395.361 0.202 0.012 -163.981 -331.343 to 3.381 0.054 Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] -2.001 14045.786 to 22037.253 0.095 0.038 29.331 -108.243 to 166.906 0.668 nt-pro brain natriuretic peptide [pg/ml] 24.629 -4060.804 to 30920.828 0.716 -0.016 1.015 -1.778 to 3.809 0.466 Univariate and multivariate linear regression models for left atrial conduit strain Abstract Figure

scholarly journals The influence of tourism development on the economic structure of the population of Belgrade

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Marko Sedlak ◽  
Dejan Šabić ◽  
Snežana Vujadinović
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The paper analyzed the impact of tourism development on changes in the employed population in the service sectors by individual activities. The aim of this paper is to point out the relationship between changes in the number of tourists and changes in the number of employed population in service activities. The area of research is limited to the territory of the city of Belgrade. It cover an area of 3.223km2 . The basic methodological procedures used for research are mathematical - statistical methods: Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), testing the significance of the correlation coefficient (t test) and causal relationship (R). By applying the mentioned methods, a strong connection has been established between the growth of tourist traffic and the growth of the number of employed population in the service delivery activities on the territory of Belgrade.

scholarly journals A Simple Angle-Measuring Instrument for Measuring Cemented Stem Anteversion during Total Hip Arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Mitsutake ◽  
Hiromasa Tanino ◽  
Yasuhiro Nishida ◽  
Masaru Higa ◽  
Hiroshi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Target Angle ◽  
Angle Measuring ◽  
Cemented Stem ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background During total hip arthroplasty (THA), the accurate placement of the femoral components is an important determinant of the success of the procedure. This study assessed the accuracy of cemented stem placement using a new angle-measuring instrument. The primary objective was to investigate the accuracy of the intraoperative measurements of cemented stem anteversion obtained using the angle-measuring instrument. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the accuracy of stem positioning performed using the angle-measuring instrument. Methods We compared the intraoperative stem anteversion measurements obtained using the angle-measuring instrument with postoperative stem anteversion measurements obtained using computed tomography in 149 hips (measurement accuracy). We also compared the target angle and postoperative stem anteversion in 105 hips (implantation accuracy). Results The mean amount of intraoperative stem anteversion was 37.9°±10.1°, and the mean amount of postoperative stem anteversion was 37.0°±10.4°. The mean measurement accuracy was 0.9°±6.1°, and the absolute measurement accuracy was 4.9°±3.7°. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the intraoperative and postoperative stem anteversion measurements was 0.824 (p=0.000). The mean amount of target angle was 37.4°±7.6°, and the mean amount of postoperative stem anteversion was 35.9°±9.1°. The mean implantation accuracy was 1.4°±5.6°, and the mean absolute implantation accuracy was 4.3°±3.6°. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between the target angle and postoperative stem anteversion was 0.795 (p=0.000). Conclusions The angle-measuring instrument measured intraoperative stem anteversion accurately, and cemented stem was implanted accurately during THA with the angle-measuring instrument.

scholarly journals Choroidal Remodeling Distribution Pattern in the Macular Region in Chinese Young Patients with Myopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Xiangjun She ◽  
Jiahao Xu ◽  
Yiqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foveal Center ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of myopia has been found to be associated with the blood supply of the choroid. This study aimed to determine the relationship between distribution pattern of the choroidal remodeling and the degree of myopia in young patients.Methods: Young patients (age < 18 years) with spherical equivalent of less than -12 diopters (D) were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) modality was used to measure the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in the macular regions. CVI was calculated as the proportion of luminal area to choroidal area and was measured within 1 mm and 3 mm nasal (N1 and N3), temporal (T1 and T3), superior (S1 and S3), and inferior (I1 and I3) to the foveal center. CT and CVI were compared across different ages (i.e., 5~9 years, 10~13 years, and 14~18 years), axial lengths (ALs) (i.e., 21.00~25.00mm and 25.01~29.00mm), and spherical equivalents (SEs) (i.e., SE>-0.5D, -0.5~-3.0D, -3.01~-6.0D, and <-6.0D). Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the associations amongst age, AL, SE, and CVI of different locations.Results: 164 of 172 eyes from 85 volunteers were included. The mean CT in the central foveal was 269.87 ± 63.32µm (ranging from 93.00µm to 443.00µm). The mean sub foveal-CVI was 67.66 ± 2.40% (ranging from 57.84% to 79.60%). Multiple linear regression results revealed significant correlations between SE and T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2= 0.082, β= 0.194), N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2= 0.039, β= 0.212). Simple linear regression results revealed that T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.09) and T3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) were negatively correlated with SE; N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) and N3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.04) were negatively correlated with SE. Conclusions and Relevance: CVI in the horizontal meridian underwent the largest change as myopia worsened. Temporal and nasal CVIs within the r =1mm and r=3mm sub foveal range were positively associated with degree of myopia in young patients. The CVI value may be used to assess the vascular status of the choroid and be a potential marker of myopic progression.

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