scholarly journals URETERIC CALCULI

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536
Author(s):  
Afshan Noreen ◽  
Azhar Mehmood Javed ◽  
Maria Zahoor ◽  
Afshan Shakir ◽  
Maria Afzal Bodla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ureteric Calculi ◽  
Acute Flank Pain ◽  
Ureteric Colic ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The objective was to determine accuracy of ultrasound in thediagnosis of ureteric calculi confirmed on non-contrast Computed Tomography amongpatients with acute ureteric colic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: EmergencyDepartment of Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: 11-07-2012 to 10-01-2013. Materials andMethods: 100 consecutive patients presenting with acute severe ureteric colic and fulfillingthe inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study from the emergency departmentof Nishtar Hospital Multan. Ultrasonography was done in all patients and USG findings wererecorded for the presence or absence of hyperechoic shadows in the ureteric. All the patientsunderwent CT scan to confirm or refute the findings of Ultrasonography. Result: Mean age ofthe patients was 37.85 + 12.60 years. Males were 53 (53%) while females were 47 (47%). Meanduration of pain before presentation was 14.81 + 6.20 hours. Mean severity of pain on visualanalogue scale was 9.40 + 0.8. Overall 79 patients were diagnosed as having ureteric calculi.Ultrasonography detected the ureteric stone in 75 patients and was all found to have stoneon CT scan and represented true positives. Among 25 patients in whom ultrasound did notdemonstrate any stone, 4 were found to have ureteric stone on CT scan thus representing falsenegative whereas 21 (84%) were confirmed on CT scan not to have any stone, thus representingTrue negatives. The sensitivity of USG for detection of ureteric stone was found to be 94.9%,the specificity was 100%, and positive predictive value was 100% while negative predictivevalue was 84% .There was no significant effect of age or gender on the accuracy of ultrasound.Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a readily available, non-invasive and reliable investigation inpatients presenting with acute flank pain to diagnose ureteric stones with a specificity of 100%and a sensitivity approaching 95%. Thus it is recommended that it should be used routinely forthe evaluation of patients presenting with acute flank pain.

scholarly journals Clinical and paraclinical predictive factors for in-hospital mortality in adult patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Mousavi ◽  
Reyhaneh Sadat Mousavi-Roknabadi ◽  
Fateme Nemati ◽  
Somaye Pourteimoori ◽  
Arefeh Ghorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background Since December 2019, a type of coronavirus has emerged in Wuhan, China, which has become the focus of global attention due to an epidemic of pneumonia of unknown cause, called COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in one of the main hospital in central Iran. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study (February 2019-May 2020) was conducted on patients with confirmed diagnosis COVID-19, who were admitted in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, in middle of Iran. The patients with uncompleted or missed medical files were excluded from the study. Data were extracted from the patients' medical files and then analyzed. The patients were categorized as survivors and non-survivors groups, and they were compared. Results Totally, 573 patients were enrolled, that 356 (62.2%) were male. The mean ± SD of age was 56.29 ± 17.53 years, and 93 (16.23%) were died. All the complications were more in non-survivors. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was in 20.5% of the patients which was more in non-survivors (P < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression test showed that plural effusion in lung computed tomography (CT) scan (OR = 0.055, P = 0.009), white blood cell (WBC) (OR = 1.417, P = 0.022), serum albumin (OR = 0.009, P < 0.001), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 34.315, P < 0.001), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 66.039, P = 0.001) were achieved as the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality were the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality. Conclusion In-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 was about 16%. Plural effusion in lung CT scan, WBC, albumin, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and ARDS were obtained as the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality.

Liver nodules after the Fontan operation: role of the computerised tomography scan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Saviga Sethasathien ◽  
Suchaya Silvilairat ◽  
Rekwan Sittiwangkul ◽  
Krit Makonkawkeyoon ◽  
Yupada Pongprot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Fontan Operation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fontan Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liver Nodules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Abdomen Ct ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Abstract Currently, there is an increasing prevalence of liver nodules in patients following the Fontan operation. The appropriate non-invasive modalities have been applied to assess a diagnosis of Fontan-associated liver disease. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated factors for the presence of liver nodules using CT scan. A cross-sectional study of 34 patients older than 15 years of age was recruited. Ultrasound upper abdomen, ultrasound liver elastography, and CT scan of the upper abdomen were performed after the Fontan operation. The median age of patients was 20 years (range 14–36 years). The median age at the Fontan operation was 7 years (range 5–17 years) and the duration after the Fontan operation was 12 years (range 4–22 years). The prevalence of liver nodules was 62% as detected by CT scans. Hepatic vein pressure in patients with liver nodules was significantly higher than in those without liver nodules. Hepatic vein pressure above 13 mmHg was a factor associated with liver nodules. There was little agreement between the ultrasound of the upper abdomen and CT scan of the upper abdomen in the evaluation of liver nodules. Hepatic pressure was the only associated factor for the occurrence of liver nodules in patients following the Fontan operation. The prevalence of liver nodules was very high after the Fontan operation. The upper abdomen CT scan should be performed for the surveillance of liver nodules in every Fontan patient over the age of 15 years.

scholarly journals A hospital based cross sectional study of acute pancreatitis with special reference to computed tomographic evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. M. ◽  
Santosh U. Karpur
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Nature ◽  
Pancreatic Gland

Background: All suspected cases of acute pancreatitis should undergo CT scan. It is non invasive and reliable. CT scan is able to give complete picture of acute pancreatitis. The objective of the presentMethods: The present study was hospital based. 60 cases with evidence of acute pancreatitis were included. They were studied for 3 years from June 2015 to May 2018. CT scan was performed in all cases. CT features of the pancreas were noted and described.Results: Acute pancreatitis incidence was four times more in males compared to females i.e. 80% vs. 20%. CT scan showed that pancreatic gland was normal only in 16.7% of the cases. The contour was irregular in 66.7% of the cases. Eight cases showed necrosis. Less than 30% three patients (10%) had grade A acute pancreatitis. 28 cases were showing Phlegmonous changes. In 24 cases it was observed that lesser sac was affected.Conclusions: Authors conclude that for grading and staging of the pancreatitis of acute nature, CT scan is must and is very helpful to the clinicians. CT scan helps not only in precise diagnosis but also in predicting the proper prognosis of the patients who are affected by the pancreatitis of acute in nature.

scholarly journals SEIZURES

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Tariq Zaffar Shaikh ◽  
Akbar Yousfani ◽  
Iqbal Ahmed Memon ◽  
Hamid Nawaz Ali Memon ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To evaluate the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG) and computedtomography (CT) scan study of seizures. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period:Six months study. Setting: Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods:All patients of more than 18 years of age, either gender had seizures for the first time wererecruited and included in the study. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency andpercentage was calculated. Results: During six months study period total 50 patients wereevaluated for seizures, of which 35 (70%) male and 15(30%) were females, majority of thepatients 30(60%) were belonged to urban population while the means age ±SD for overallpopulation was 38.97±7.87 whereas it was 37.76±5.65 and 40.23±6.83 in male and femalepopulation respectively. Twenty subjects (40%) had partial seizures while 30 (60%) had generalseizures while the EEG and CT scan abnormalities was observed in 35 (70%) and 32 (64%)patients respectively. Regarding etiology the 20(40%) subjects were idiopathic, tuberculoma wasobserved in 9(18%) patients and cerebral infarct / hemorrhage in 8(16%) subjects respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that abnormal EEG supportive to confirm the diagnosis of seizures.CT scan was abnormal in 64% of patients revealing structural abnormalities. Majority of caseswere idiopathic although tuberculosis, cerebral infarct / hemorrhage and brain tumors werepredominant etiological factors.

scholarly journals Positive predictive value (PPV) of computed tomography in diagnosing wilms’ tumor using histopathology as gold standard.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755-1759
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Rasool ◽  
Mudassar Saeed Pansota ◽  
Fariha Mumtaz ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Saleem ◽  
Shafqat Ali Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Setting

CT can also accurately identify vascular invasion that will impact surgical approach along with identification of the preoperative parameters associated with increased risk of intraoperative Wilms’ tumor spill. Objectives: To determine positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation Centre, Bahawal Vitoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: From July 2017 to June 2018. Materials & Methods: A total of 81 patients with suspected wilm’s tumour on ultrasonography of age 1-12 years of either gender were included. Patients with recurrent tumour and undergoing pre-op chemotherapy were excluded. All the patients were then underwent CT scan and looked for presence or absence of wilm’s tumour. The results were compared with histopathology. Results: Mean age was 5.23 ± 3.28 years. Majority of the patients 56 (69.14%) were between 1 to 6 years of age. Out of these 81 patients, 61 (75.31%) were female and 20 (24.69%) were males with female to male ratio of 2.9:1. CT scan supported the diagnosis of wilm’s tumour in all 46 patients. Histopathology confirmed wilm’s tumour in 41 (true positive) cases where as 05 (False Positive) had no wilm’s tumour on histopathology. Positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour, taking histopathology as gold standard was 89.13%. Conclusion: This study concluded that positive predictive value of CT scan in diagnosing wilm’s tumour is quite high.

scholarly journals Association between central non-dipping pattern and platelet morphology in adults with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kulecki ◽  
Dariusz Naskret ◽  
Mikolaj Kaminski ◽  
Dominika Kasprzak ◽  
Pawel Lachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Platelet Morphology ◽  
Oscillometric Device

AbstractThe non-dipping pattern is nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) fall of less than 10%. Several studies showed that the non-dipping pattern, increased mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Hypertensives with the non-dipping pattern have higher MPV than the dippers but this relationship was never investigated among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the central dipping pattern and platelet morphology in T1DM subjects. We measured the central and brachial blood pressure with a validated non-invasive brachial oscillometric device—Arteriograph 24—during twenty-four-hour analysis in T1DM subjects without diagnosed hypertension. The group was divided based on the central dipping pattern for the dippers and the non-dippers. From a total of 62 subjects (32 males) aged 30.1 (25.7–37) years with T1DM duration 15.0 (9.0–20) years, 36 were non-dippers. The non-dipper group had significantly higher MPV (MPV (10.8 [10.3–11.5] vs 10.4 [10.0–10.7] fl; p = 0.041) and PDW (13.2 [11.7–14.9] vs 12.3 [11.7–12.8] fl; p = 0.029) than dipper group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that MPV (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.48–9.45; p = 0.005) and PDW (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3.00; p = 0.005) were positively associated with central non-dipping pattern adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, daily insulin intake, and height. MPV and PDW are positively associated with the central non-dipping pattern among people with T1DM.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Induced Abortion and Associated Factors among Female Students of Hawassa University, Southern Region, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Addisu Tadesse Sahile ◽  
Mieraf Shiferaw Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives ◽  
Hawassa University

Objectives. This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of induced abortion and associated factors among students in Hawassa University, southern region, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 422 students selected on the bases of a probability simple random sampling method. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was made with SPSS 20. Descriptive summary and inferential statistics (binary logistic regression) were used with a 95% CI and P value of less than 5% as a level of significance. Findings were presented in tables, figure, and texts. Confidentiality of information was also secured. Results. The prevalence of induced abortion in the study setting was 68.7% (95% CI: 64.15%-73.2%). Participants who used emergency contraceptives had 12 times higher odds of undergoing abortion than those who did not use emergency contraceptives at AOR: 11.95, 95% CI: 5.615-25.326, P<001. Conclusions. A higher prevalence of induced abortion was observed in the study setting. Contraceptive use was the predictor of induced abortion identified. Concerned bodies were recommended to work on the identified determinant of induced abortion in the study setting.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related hospitalisations of trauma patients in Southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional study based on a trauma registry system

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Shyuan Rau ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Shiun-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Yu Cho ◽  
Ching-Hua Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Trauma Registry System

ObjectivesTo provide an overview of the demographic characteristics of patients with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and to investigate the performance of brain CT scans in these patients.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTaiwan.Participants2192 patients who had undergone a test for blood alcohol of 13 233 patients registered in the Trauma Registry System between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012. A BAC level of 50 mg/dL was defined as the cut-off value. Detailed information was retrieved from the patients with positive BAC (n=793) and was compared with information from those with a negative BAC (n=1399).Main outcome measuresGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) as well as the performance and findings of obtained brain CT scans.ResultsPatients with positive BAC had a higher rate of face injury, but a lower GCS score, a lower rate of head and neck injury, a lower ISS and New Injury Severity Score. Alcohol use was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay (8.6 vs 11.4 days, p=0.000) in patients with an ISS of <16. Of 496 patients with positive BAC who underwent brain CT, 164 (33.1%) showed positive findings on CT scan. In contrast, of 891 patients with negative BAC who underwent brain CT, 389 (43.7%) had positive findings on CT scan. The lower percentage of positive CT scan findings in patients with positive BAC was particularly evident in patients with an ISS <16 (18.0% vs 28.8%, p=0.001).ConclusionsPatients who consumed alcohol tended to have a low GCS score and injuries that were less severe. However, given the significantly low percentage of positive findings, brain CT might be overused in these patients with less severe injuries.

scholarly journals AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) is an easy-to-use predictor score for cardiovascular risk in metabolic subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo De Matteis ◽  
Marica Cariello ◽  
Giusi Graziano ◽  
Stefano Battaglia ◽  
Patrizia Suppressa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractVisceral obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory systemic state that contributes to the genesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), frequently associated with liver fibrosis. Non-invasive serum markers have recently emerged as reliable, easy-to-use scores to predict liver fibrosis. NAFLD is often linked to metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we investigated in a population of 1225 subjects if AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), one of the non-invasive liver fibrosis serum markers, can predict cardiovascular risk (CVR). APRI has been previously validated as an efficient score to predict liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis patients with a cut-off of 0.5 for fibrosis and 1.5 for cirrhosis. Our study showed that APRI significantly correlates with CVR and determines, when elevated, a significant increase in CVR for both genders, especially females. This spike in CVR, observed when APRI is elevated, is relatively high in patients in the age of 51–65 years, but it is significantly higher in younger and premenopausal women, approaching risk values usually typical of men at the same age. Taken together, our data highlighted the role of APRI as a reliable predictor easy-to-use score for CVR in metabolic patients.

Incidence of writing double NSAIDs in a single prescription for osteoarthritis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Niaz Hussain Keerio ◽  
Nasrullah Aamir ◽  
Nuresh Kumar ◽  
Masood Ahmad Qureshi ◽  
Hassan Amir us Saqlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Bleeding Ulcers ◽  
Study Setting

 Objective: To determine how frequent NSAIDs are used for osteoarthritic patients because OA is common old age patients and NSAIDs can cause divesting complications on their health. In our study we tried to identify the main reasons and suggest a best possible solution. Study Design: Community Based Cross-sectional study. Setting: Mohammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas Pakistan. Period:  June 2018 to August 2018. Material & Methods: In this study, we included more than 300 prescriptions written for Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. Prescriptions collected from hospital pharmacy (80%) and from other pharmacies (20%). Data was collected on preformed proforma and was analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results: Osteoarthritis mainly affects elderly population. NSAIDs are used for pain relief but can cause acute renal failure and GIT bleeding ulcers. In our study 69% patients were prescribed double NSAIDs. Traditional NSAIDs were used 95% of the time and only 5% percent of the time selective cox 2 were used. Along with these NSAIDS only 20% patient were given prophylactically gastroprotective agents like PPI and other medications. Conclusion: Prescription osteoarthritis include multiple NSAID without any protocol and over dosage was observed commonly.

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