scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Ambreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Malik Ghulam Muhammad Uttra ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Mehreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Umme Habiba Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
College Administration ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Academic Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of depressionand associated risk factors among medical students at different levels (1st to 5th year) of theirMBBS course. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Sargodha Medical College,Sargodha. Period: April to September 2016. Material and Methods: A sample of 200 medicalstudents (including 147 female and 53 male) was chosen by random sampling. PHQ-9 scalewas used to evaluate depression among participants. Data was collected on a speciallydesigned questionnaire containing sociodemographic and educational characteristics andwas analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Out of 200 respondents, who participated in study,75.5% reached depression criteria. The age range of majority of students (53%) was 20-22 year.Factors such as female gender, year of medical college, staying in hostel, both pre and postexam depression, academic pressure, high competition, overburdened test schedules andworries about future were found to be significantly associated with depression. Conclusion:The results depict that frequency of depression among MBBS students during their academicyears is very high, making them highly susceptible individuals. This demands the necessityfor pervasive enactment of therapeutic measures by medical college administration, includingassessment, education and provision of mental health services.

scholarly journals Pneumothorax in neonates with meconium aspiration.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844-1849
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmad ◽  
Malik Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Amir Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Medicine ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: Recent years have seen advances in respiratory supports for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) but pneumothorax (PTX) still stands a significant indicator of disease severity. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, and Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ghazi Khan Medical College/Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st June 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 736 patients with meconium aspiration of age 1-28 days and both genders were included. Patients with congenital heart anomalies and preterm infants were excluded. Presence or absence of PTX in each patient was noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 1 to 28 days with mean age of 12.80 ± 6.52 days. Majority of the patients 434 (58.97%) were between 1 to 14 days of age. Out of the 736 patients, 394 (53.53%) were male and 342 (46.47%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration was found in 176 (23.91%) patients. Conclusion: Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration is quite high. In every newborn with meconium aspiration, proper management should be done for early prevention as well as taking therapeutic measures in this particular population.

Allodynia is associated with a higher prevalence of depression in migraine patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Louter ◽  
KJ Wardenaar ◽  
G Veen ◽  
WPJ van Oosterhout ◽  
FG Zitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Attack Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Specific Factors

Introduction There is a strong association between migraine and depression. The aim of this study is to identify migraine-specific factors involved in this association. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a large, well-defined cohort of migraine patients ( n = 2533). We assessed lifetime depression using validated questionnaires, and diagnosed migraine based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders III-beta criteria. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Results Of the 2533 migraineurs that were eligible, 1137 (45%) suffered from lifetime depression. The following independent factors were associated with an increased depression prevalence: i) migraine-specific risk factors: high migraine attack frequency and the presence of allodynia, ii) general factors: being a bad sleeper, female gender, high BMI, being single, smoking, and a low alcohol consumption. Conclusion This study identified allodynia, in addition to high migraine attack frequency, as a new migraine-specific factor associated with depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and associated factors among hemodialyzed patients in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asim Othayq ◽  
Abdulwahab Aqeeli
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Periodic Evaluation

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among patients on hemodialysis in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted on 211 randomly selected hemodialysis patients in Jazan area, Saudi Arabia, using an observational cross-sectional design. Patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the depression, anxiety and stress scale 42 (DASS-42). Descriptive statistics were used to present sociodemographic data. Multiple logistic regression was implemented to identify the predictors of depression. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. Findings The study found the overall prevalence of depression among patients on hemodialysis to be 43.6 per cent. Of them, 12.8 per cent were mildly depressed, 15.6 per cent were moderately depressed and 15.1 per cent fell in the severe or extremely severe category. Depression was significantly associated with marital status, education level and the presence of sleep disturbances. The study indicates a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on hemodialysis in Jazan. A higher rate of depressive symptoms was observed in currently unmarried, lower-educated patients and those with sleep disturbance. Originality/value Periodic evaluation of patients on hemodialysis for depression is needed to allow for early intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Transgender Male to Female in Kuantan, Pahang

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Hadis ND ◽  
Draman S ◽  
Samsudin S ◽  
Yusuf MZ ◽  
Md Rosli AN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Assessment ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behaviour does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. Transgender individuals are particularly vulnerable to mental health concerns and psychological distress. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among transgender male to female in Kuantan, Pahang.  Material and method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 96 transgender male to female in Kuantan, Pahang. A convenient type of sampling was used as a mean of data collection. A selfadministered validated Malay version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) was used to screen for depression. Result:  Majority of the respondent were Malay (82.3%), Muslim (99%), unmarried (93.8%) and monthly income <RM2300 (91.7%). Prevalence of depression among transgender male to female in Kuantan is 37.5%. There is no significant association between sociodemographic data of participants and depression. Conclusion: This study shows that almost one third of transgender male to female are at risk of depression. Therefore, screening for mental health assessment is recommended so that important measures can be taken to prevent depression among this high-risk group.

scholarly journals A Pattern of Age-related Macular Degeneration

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprada Pokhrel ◽  
O K Malla ◽  
C L Pradhananga ◽  
S N Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is a disorder of the macula most often clinicallyapparent affecting central vision and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the populationabove 50 years. The aim of this study is to determine clinical profi le of AMD in Nepalese presentingto a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The subjects included in the study were thosepresenting to the Ophthalmology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospitalfrom July 2007- Dec 2007.The total number of individuals included in the study were 402 and totalnumber of eyes were 804.Results: AMD was observed in 5.2% out of 402 subjects of 40 years and above age group withprevalence increasing with age. The prevalence of AMD was 0.7% within 40-50 years of age-groupindividuals increasing to 2.6% in 51-60 years, 6.5% in 61-70 years and to 19.3% among subjectsabove 71 years. This study revealed that the prevalence of AMD in females was higher with femalepreponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. 52.5 % AMD subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6/24-6/60 vision and 15% had vision <3/60-PL. Our study revealed statistically signifi cant increased riskfor AMD with aging (p=0.00). Increased risk was observed in female gender and diabetics though theOdds ratio (OR) was statistically insignifi cant (p=>0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of AMD in Nepalese presenting to Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital was 5% with female preponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. Aging showed statistically signifi cantincreased risk for AMD development in this study.Key Words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, Nepalese, prevalence

scholarly journals Tooth Shade and Skin Colour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (223) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Dilesh Pradhan ◽  
Lajana Shrestha ◽  
Junu Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Skin Tone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Shade Selection

Introduction: Selection of proper tooth shade is one of the most significant factors influencing patients’ aesthetic perception and improved prosthesis acceptance. Guidelines in the dental literature suggest age, sex, colour of skin, hair and eye for selecting tooth shade when past records cannot be obtained. The objective of the study was to observe the most common tooth shade in relation to the skin colour and the prevalence of the same in relation to age and sex. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College from June to August 2019. Vitapan Classical Shade guide was used to select the shade of upper right central incisorin 338 participants. Revlon Foundation Makeup Shade guide was used to determine colour of skin. Participants were examined without facial makeup. Skin colour and teeth shade were examined in daylight at about sametime of the day.  Data obtained were computed and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results: Prevalence of tooth shade with high value (lighter shade) was seen in all fair (121, 35.8%), medium (63, 18.6%) and dark skin tones (23, 6.8%). Most common teeth shade in fair individuals was B1 (47, 37.9%), in medium also B1 (25, 7.4%) and dark was B2 (9, 2.7%). Age range of 10 to 35 years had tooth shade with higher value (159, 47.04%). Conclusions: Hence, teeth shade with high value (lighter shade) was prevalent in skin tone of all types in current study. Skin tone was not related to teeth shade selection, teeth became darker with age and females had lighter teeth shade (high value).

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Dry Eye in Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Anas Abdulaziz Almujalli ◽  
Abdulaziz Abdullah Almatrafi ◽  
Anas Abdullah Aldael ◽  
Talal Waleed Aljudi ◽  
Bahaa-Eldin Hasan Abdulhalim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic suspected dry eye, diagnosed dry eye syndrome (DES), and associated risk factors; in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 654 participants was employed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics like age, gender, and risk factors (smoking, using contact lenses, chronic comorbidities, etc.). Results: There were 266 (40.7%) previously diagnosed DES participants and 388 (59.3%) non-diagnosed DES, of which 497 were female and 157 were male. Females had a significantly higher rate of diagnosed DES than males (p<0.001), with a significant increase in the rate of DES diagnosis with age (p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in DES in participants with diabetes mellitus, allergic eye, thyroid eye, and skin diseases, as well as having undergone laser surgery or using contact lenses. There was no significant increase in DES in cases of smoking, daily use of electronic devices, or duration of sleep. Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye among adults in Riyadh was 46.6%, with the most important risk factors being female gender, increasing age, Lasik refractive surgery, skin disease around the eye, and thyroid eye disease.

scholarly journals DEPRESSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman Farrukh Nagi ◽  
Syed Tehseen Haider Kazmi ◽  
Khadija Zafar Qureshi ◽  
Kiran Wasiq ◽  
Khadija Sajid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Terminal Illness ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Psychological stress is prevalent in medical schools and is associated withdepression. The personal and social sacrifices young medical apprentices have to makein order to sustain a fine academic outcome in an exceedingly competitive education setsthem under enormous strain. The estimated prevalence of depression among private medicalstudents has been 19% in United States, 49% in India, and 60% in Pakistan. Pakistan boastshighest prevalence of depression globally among undergraduate private medical students.Additionally a lack of any prior study in this institution, this study aimed to find prevalence ofdepression in the undergraduate private medical college of Lahore. Setting: The subjects werestudents of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore a private institution, in a metropolitanurban population. Study Design: Cross sectional study based on systematic random samplingtechnique. Methods: A modified, self-administered, structured questionnaire based onGoldberg’s depression scale was distributed to a sample of 240 subjects during March 2014,till October 2014. Higher total scores refer to higher depression levels. Prior to the initiation ofresearch permission was sought from the institution’s ethical review committee. The data entryand analyses were done in SPSS for Windows version 20.0. Results: The response rate was80%. The age of students (n= 164) averaged 21.1 ±1.4 years. The prevalence of depressionamong undergraduate medical students of our setting was almost 63% (n= 122). Thirty onepercent (n=59) were possibly mildly depressed, 9% (n=17) borderline depressed, 19%(n=37) mild to moderate cases, 20% (n=39) moderate to severe cases and 3 % (n=6) wereseverely depressed students. Almost 85% (n= 40) of the students from second year sufferedfrom depression the highest prevalence among all undergraduate medical years. A substantial41% (n= 36) and 42 % (n= 37) of students suffering from depression admitted to the use oftaking stimulants like amphetamines and caffeine respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence ofdepression is highest among the students of second academic year. Terminal illness of a familymember and effect of law and order situation of the country also compromise the mental healthof undergraduate medical students.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Investigation of Stress Fractures in German Elite Triathletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neidel ◽  
Wolfram ◽  
Hotfiel ◽  
Engelhardt ◽  
Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Questionnaire

Triathlon is a popular sport for both recreational and competitive athletes. This study investigated the rates and patterns of stress fractures in the German national triathlon squad. We developed a web-based retrospective questionnaire containing questions about the frequency of stress fractures, anatomic localisation and associated risk factors. The survey was conducted as an explorative cross-sectional study. Eighty-six athletes completed the questionnaire. Twenty athletes (23%) sustained at least one stress fracture. All documented stress fractures were located in the lower extremities. Factors associated with a higher risk for stress fractures were female gender, competitive sport prior to triathlon career, Vitamin D or iron deficiency, menstrual disturbances and a high number of annual training hours. Disseminating knowledge among athletes and their professional community in order to raise awareness about early symptoms and relevant risk factors could help to improve prevention and reduce the incidence of stress fractures.

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