Frequency of etiological causes of intestinal obstruction in children.

Objective: To determine the frequency of the various etiological causes of intestinal obstruction in children. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. Period: January 2017 to December 2017. Material & Methods: Total 143 patients included in study with age range d from 1 month to 12 years. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited to Outpatient/ Emergency department of National Institute of Child health, Karachi were included in the study. Patients followed diagnosis of intestinal obstruction were operated and the outcome variables (Round worms, adhesions, intussusceptions and obstructed hernia) were noted. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version: 22. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for age and duration of symptoms. Results: The Mean ± SD of age was 35.41±27.664 months. Out of 143 patients 118 (82.5%) were male and 25 (17.5%) were female. Etiological causes i.e. Adhesive bowel obstruction 59(41.3%), intussusception 51 (35.7%), obstructed hernia and worm infestation was found in 23 (16.1%) and 10(7%) children. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that pattern of intestinal obstruction varies at different age groups in terms of etiology. Adhesion was found to be most common cause of intestinal followed by intussusceptions. However, there is a need to conduct more studies using large sample size with multiple study sites in Pakistan to validate these results.

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Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest and Analysis of Different Smile Characteristics in the Saudi Population of the Jeddah Region

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/8859376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdelmageed Awad ◽

Doaa Saleh Alghamdi ◽

Aljawharah Talal Alghamdi

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Crown Length ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest in different age groups and to evaluate the smile line, smile arc, and number of maxillary teeth displayed during smiling among the Saudi population visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 157 participants (77 males and 80 females) were included in this study with an age range of 19 to 69 years. All participants had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth without restorations. Crown length and visible portions of anterior teeth at rest were measured using a Fowler Electronic Digital Caliper. Three measurements of each variable were recorded by two independent dental interns and calibrating their measurements was performed. Smile line, smile arc, and number of teeth displayed during smiling were examined. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. It was found that the average clinical crown lengths in the maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and canine were significantly higher in males than females. At rest position, females displayed more maxillary central and lateral incisors. The displayed length of maxillary teeth at rest is inversely proportional to increasing age; the reverse occurs in mandibular teeth. The common visibility of maxillary teeth during smiling was from the second bicuspid to its counterpart. Average smile line and consonant smile arc were the most common characteristics. It was concluded that both age and gender affect the characteristics of tooth display at rest and in smiling. These effects should be considered during treatment planning and restoration of anterior teeth to obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.

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Symptom Analysis of Confirmed Covid-19 Patients Managed at Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.607 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 235-241

Author(s):

Javeria Malik ◽

Muhammad Khurram ◽

Arsalan Manzoor Mughal ◽

Noman Ahmed Chaudhary ◽

Qaiser Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Persistent Cough ◽

Medical University

Introduction Coronavirus can cause respiratory disease ranging from mild upper respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. The purpose of this research was to study the symptoms of confirmed Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and their relationship with gender and age groups. Materials and Methods This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Institute of Urology and Transplantation (RIUT) that is the COVID-19 management center of Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi during the month of March 2020. Consecutive sampling methodology was used, and all real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed patients of COVID-19 were included. Data regarding age, gender, and symptoms with onset was recorded and analyzed. Results Thirty-five patients, 22 (62.9%) males, and 13 (37.1%) females were included. Seven (20%) patients were ≥60 years old, and 12 (34.8%) ≥40 years old. 21 (60%) were symptomatic and the rest of them were asymptomatic. The mean duration of symptoms was 2.8±1.1 days. Fever (13, 61.9%), persistent cough (12, 57.1%), sputum (6, 28.6%), shortness of breath (4, 19%), anorexia (3, 14.3%), fatigue (3, 14.3%), myalgia (1, 4.8%), were presenting symptoms. Cough, anorexia, and fatigue were significantly more frequent in the patients ≥40 of age. Anorexia and fatigue were common in the age groups ≥40 and ≥60 years. Myalgia was significantly frequent in patients aged ≥60 years. Conclusion Fever, persistent cough and shortness of breath are commonest symptoms of COVID 19 patients. COVID-19 can be asymptomatic in many cases.

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Abstract 660: Prevalence of Hypertension Among Children with Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.660 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert O Drutel ◽

Remberto Paulo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population ◽

Standard Of Practice ◽

Age Range

This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension among children with diabetes mellitus, and describe adherence to the standard of practice regarding early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in this population. Diabetes renders higher susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in affected patients and thus early detection of hypertension can be beneficial for future quality of life. We hypothesize that a number of diabetic children with hypertension are not promptly diagnosed and treated due to the difficult process preceding diagnosis. This cross-sectional study in an out-patient clinic of a university hospital was based on a group of 263 children (both females and males, age range between 3-18) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. At the visit, the child's weight and height were recorded, BMI was calculated, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was taken, and blood sample drawn for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) readings. Within the study population we have identified a group of 73 children with hypertension. Comparing the two groups: the normotensive with the hypertensive, we have observed that the normotensive patients have significantly lower average BMI (26.7), p=0.000012 and slightly reduced HbA1C (8.9%), p=0.28 levels compared to the hypertensive group: BMI (32.5) and HbA1C (9.3%), respectively. We investigated the same parameters within every age group starting from age 10, and recorded that HbA1C was only significantly different for the group of 14 year-olds (8.7%; 11.7%, p=0.039). We also found that a significantly higher BMI is linked with hypertension for groups: age 13: BMI (29.2; 33.9, p=0.047), age 14: BMI (24.1; 35.6, p=0.00007) and age 18: BMI (31.8; 45.6, p=0.045). Within the different age groups there were differences between normotensive and hypertensive patients in BMI and HbA1C measurements, but they were not statistically significant and we assume that an increased sample size would be needed to confirm the data. We are currently working on identifying other risk factors including sex, race, height, urine creatinine, urine microalbumin, serum creatinine, lipid profile and thyroid function, that might be responsible for hypertension in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Association of Birth Parameters with Refractive Status in a Sample of Caucasian Children Aged 4–17 Years

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/635682 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berna Akova-Budak ◽

Sertaç Argun Kıvanç ◽

Osman Okan Olcaysü

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Refractive Status ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

Purpose. To investigate the association of birth parameters with refractive status in different age groups of Caucasian children.Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 564 eyes of 282 children aged 4 to 17 years. All children underwent complete ophthalmologic examination. The children were divided into three groups according to their refractive status (emmetropia,myopia, and hyperopia), ages (4–7, 8-9, 10–12, and 13–17), and appropriateness for gestational age, respectively.Results. The mean age of the children was9.2±2.8(age range 4–17 years). The mean spheric equivalent was+0.3±1.7(range: (−10.0)–(+10.0) diopters). The mean birth weight and gestational age were2681.1±930.8grams (750–5000 grams) and37.2±3.7weeks (25–42 weeks). According to multinominal logistic regression analysis, children with myopia were more likely to have higher birth weights than emmetropic children (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 1.000–1.001, andP=0.028). The hypermetropes were found to be significantly small for gestational age between 13 and 17 years of age.Conclusion. Birth weight and appropriateness for gestational age as birth parameters may have an impact on development of all types of refractive errors. The hypermetropic children tended to be small for gestational age.

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Effects of Task Demands on Postural Control in Children of Different Ages: A Cross-Sectional Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12010113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Asiyeh Ghanbarzadeh ◽

Elaheh Azadian ◽

Mahdi Majlesi ◽

Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero ◽

Mohammad Akrami

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Age Groups ◽

Force Plate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Task Demands ◽

Dual Tasks ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Base Of Support ◽

Age Range

This study evaluates the effect of dual tasks on balance during manipulation of visual information, the base of support, and cognitive tasks in 7–12-year-old children and adults. An equal number of girls (210) and boys (210) were selected from the schools by the cluster random sampling method (within the 7–12 age groups). Twenty young adults were also selected. Postural sway (PS) was measured in the anterior–posterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions using a force plate in eight standing positions, including standing with closed eyes versus standing with open eyes and standing with feet together versus on a single limb, under the interference of cognitive dual tasks (DT) or a single task (ST). PS was found to decrease with advancing age. PS was also greater in men than women in both AP and ML directions (p < 0.05). PS was greater in the 7–12-year-old participants compared to adults under the manipulation of the base of support (p < 0.05). However, PS increased in all participants regardless of their age while manipulating both the base of support and visual information (p < 0.05). Children (within the 9–12 years age range) and adults could keep their balance while performing basic tasks; however, children had difficulty in maintaining their balance with higher task demands.

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METAL RESTORATIONS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.04.230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Lubna Memon ◽

Muhammad Rizwan Memon ◽

Aamir Mehmood Butt ◽

Madiha Waqas Memon

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Metal Ceramic ◽

Fixed Dental Prostheses ◽

Fixed Prosthesis ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Aesthetic is the most important consideration for the replacement of missing teeth. Traditional metal-ceramic fixed dental prostheses are stronger, clinically recognized, and reliable and will therefore persist the first consideration. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: October 2015 to September 2016. Material and Methods: Using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Data from 120 patients regarding effect of age on appearance after providing metal-ceramic fixed prosthesis were collected using the method of interview and examination. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 with a mean age of 30 years and standard deviation (SD) 10.88. 120 Patients were divided in four age groups. Out of Sixty-six patients with age range from 19 to 30 years, thirty-eight were found to be completely satisfied. Out of 21 patients of 31-40 years old, eighteen were aesthetically satisfied. In another group comprises of 24 patients with an age range 41-50, seventeen showed completely satisfaction. Another group, age range from 51-60 that showed 9 patients, in which six patients were satisfied with fixed prosthesis. Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study were satisfied after providing prostheses. Middle age (31-40years) patients showed more satisfaction comparative to other age groups.

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Survey on Prevalence of Canine Cutaneous Myiasis in Some Selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa City Administration

10.1101/110502 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Henok Abebe

Keyword(s):

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Housing System ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dire Dawa ◽

Cutaneous Myiasis ◽

Age Range ◽

Living Area

ABSTRACTA cross sectional study of canine cutaneous myiasis was conducted in five randomly selected kebeles of Dire Dawa Administrative council from December 2009 up to April 2010 to determine the prevalence of canine cutaneous myiasis and to assess factors that determine the occurrence of the disease specifically in dog. Active questionnaire survey among 60 households were used for which 384 dogs were sampled. From a total of 384 dogs, 162 (42.19%) were found harboring the disease cutaneous myiasis among this 120 (74.07%) were infested with the 3rd and 2nd instar larvae of Cordylobiaantropophaga. whereas the remaining 42(25.93%) observed dogs were found infested with cutaneous myiasis. The larvae were identified in Dire Dawa regional diagnostic veterinary parasitology laboratory. Analysis of active questionnaire survey showed that there is no statistically significance difference in the prevalence of disease among different breeds and sexes (P >0.05). In this study, an overall prevalence rate of 162 (42.19%) was found with a statistically significant association among different age groups, housing system and living area (kebele) (P<0.05). Higher prevalence was recorded at 02 kebele (Sabian area) 59 (54.65%), 03 Kebele (Depo and number-one), 43(44.33%), 04 Keble (Gende kore and Greek camp) 33(37.50%), Addis Ketema. 27(51.92%) and05 Keeble (Dechatu) 0(0%). There was 121(49.59%) confined dogs and 41(29.29%) were stray dogs which let out without any control, and puppies of age less than 6 month old (71.56 %), and dogs of age range between 6 months and 18months (79.03%) while those of greater than 18 months (16.43%), were least affected.

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The Fear of COVID-19, Demographic Factors, and Substance use in a Multinational Sample Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

European Review Of Applied Sociology ◽

10.1515/eras-2021-0005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Ifeanyichukwu Anthony Ogueji ◽

Rachel Bolaji Asagba ◽

Delroy Constantine-Simms

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Younger Age ◽

Age Range

Abstract The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had mental health consequences such as fear. Scholars have argued that when people are fearful, they may use substances to escape from fear, and demographic variables can have implications on how to target interventions to people. To date, little is known about how the fear of COVID-19 and demographic factors may contribute to substance use amid the COVID-19 pandemic. From 3 June to 10 June 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 202 residents (Mean age = 41.77 ± 11.85; age range = 18-70 years) in 14 countries. A standardized questionnaire was utilized for data collection, SPSS (version 22.0) was utilized for data analysis, and p < .05 implied statistical significance. Descriptive statistics revealed that residents in Canada scored the highest mean score in the fear of COVID-19 scale, while residents in Australia scored highest in the substance use scale. Further, fear of COVID-19 had a negative nonsignificant relationship with substance use (r = −.07; df = 200; p > .05). Males (Mean = 18.21) scored significantly higher than females (Mean = 14.06) in substance use [t (200) = 1.9; p < .05]. The younger age group (18-28 years) scored the highest mean score in substance use compared to older age groups (29-39 years, 40-50 years, 51-61 years, and 62-72 years); however, it was not significant [F (4, 197) = 2.04; p > .05]. These data contribute to informing future studies that add more questions regarding how different variables may contribute to substance use during subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Macronutrient malabsorption in acute diarrhea: Prevalence and affecting factors

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi45.5.2005.207-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Lilis D. Hendrawati ◽

Agus Firmansyah ◽

Darlan Darwis

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infection ◽

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactose Malabsorption ◽

Diarrhea Prevalence ◽

Fat Malabsorption ◽

Age Range

Introduction Diarrhea remains a major problem for communityhealth in Indonesia. More than 25% of children with severe diar-rhea suffer from malabsorption syndrome.Objectives This study aimed to determine the age range of chil-dren with acute diarrhea, the prevalence of macronutrient malab-sorption, and the relationship between age and bacterial infec-tion in macronutrient malabsorption.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, subjects were chil-dren aged 0-59 months with acute diarrhea whose stools wereobtained and examined in the laboratory of GastrohepatologyDivision, Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospi-tal, Jakarta from January 2002 to December 2003.Results Children with acute diarrhea were mostly in the agerange of 0-11 months (61%). The prevalence of lactose malab-sorption was 11%, carbohydrate malabsorption was 19%, andfat malabsorption was 51%. Moreover, the age group of 0-11months had a 1.5 times greater possibility of lactose and fatmalabsorption compared to that of 12-59 months. The 12-59 monthsage group had a greater possibility of suffering carbohydratemaldigestion (70%). The group of children who did not sufferfrom bacterial infection had a higher prevalence of lactose mal-absorption (54%), carbohydrate maldigestion (65%), and fatmalabsorption (58%).Conclusions Acute diarrhea occurred more frequently in theage of 0-11 months. There was a significant correlation betweenthe age groups of 0-11 months and 12-59 months in experiencingmacronutrient malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption, carbohy-drate maldigestion, and fat malabsorption were encountered morefrequently in the group that did not have bacterial infection

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A Comparison of Objective and Subjective Measures of Respiration in Healthy Adults

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20211009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

Pranali Chavan ◽

Jyoti Mohite

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Maximum Phonation Time ◽

Group I ◽

And Gender ◽

Age Range ◽

Effect Of Age

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender and age effect on lung function measures and maximum phonation time in the age range of 20-60 years. The present study also aimed to evaluate correlation between FEV1 and maximum phonation time. Study Design: Cross- sectional study, Convenience sampling method Method: The lung function measures (FVC, FEV1, & FEV1/FVC) and maximum phonation time were obtained from 200 healthy participants in the age range of 20-60 years. These participants were divided into two groups (Group I - 20- 40 years & Group II - 41- 60 years) with equal number of males and females in each group. The lung function measures were obtained using Easy on PC spirometer. Three consecutive trials were collected for MPT using stopwatch. Mann- Whitney U test was used to determine effect of age and gender on lung function measures and MPD. Spearman's Rank Correlations were performed to identify is there any significant relationships between the FEV1 and MPT of /a/, /i/, /u/, /s/, and /z/. Results: There were significant effect of gender on FVC, FEV1, & MPT except on FEV1/FVC. There was significant effect of age in both genders on FVC, FEV1, & FEV1/FVC. There was no significant effect of age in both genders on MPT /i/, /u/, /s/, and /z/ except MPT /a/ for males. FEV1 showed significant positive correlation with MPD (/a/, /i/, /u/, /s/, and /z/). Conclusions: The mean FVC and FEV1 were lower in females and higher in males in both the age groups. Maximum phonation time of /a/, /i/, /u/, /s/, and /z/ was longer in males as compared to female. Age has inverse effect on lung function measure and MPT. FEV1 showed positive correlation with MPT, which indicates that FEV1 increases with increase in MPT. Key words: Maximum Phonation Time, Lung Function Measures.

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