scholarly journals Haemophilus influenzae infection among children with acute bacterial meningitis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Maqsood ◽  
Safdar Hussain ◽  
Asim Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To determine the frequency of haemophilus influenzae infection in children less than 5 years with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: A total of 165 children aged 5 – 60 months of either gender having acute bacterial meningitis with duration of < 2 weeks were enrolled. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of each child was sent for microbiological analysis. Results: There were 106 (64.2 %) boys and 59 (35.8 %) girls. Mean age was 2.72 ± 1.07 years. Most cases, 112 (67.9 %) belonged to urban areas.  Maternal literacy was positive in 65 (39.4%) cases while 59 (35.8%) were fully vaccinated. Mean disease duration was 56.25 ± 15.36 hours and 112 (67.9%) had duration of illness more than 36 hours. Frequency of Haemophilus Influenzae was noted in 35 (21.2%) cases. Conclusion: Frequency of Haemophilus Influenzae was high among children with acute bacterial meningitis. Early diagnosis and appropriate management might help reducing prolonged hospitalization and disease morbidity related to Haemophilus Influenza.

scholarly journals TB-DOTS PROGRAM;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 524-532
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ANWAR SULEHR ◽  
AYUB `ALI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Supervision ◽  
Suspect Identification ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To assess the performance of Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in collection, storage & distribution of drugs andevaluate their effectiveness regarding TB suspect identification, referral, directly observing the intake of medicine, default identification andhealth education in TB-DOTS program. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: In district Toba Tek Singh. Period: From January to Sep2006. Materials & Methods: One hundred and Two LHWs were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Among 102 LHWs, 76.5% were trained in TB-DOTS. Sixty four (62.7%) had qualification matric and above. Collection of the drugswas being performed properly by 87.3%, while 83.4% were storing the anti-TB drugs at proper places. Anti-TB drugs were being distributedto patients daily by 95.1%. Under the direct supervision of LHWs 69.6% of TB patients had completed treatment. In the areas of 58.8% LHWs,TB patients were declared cured after 8 months treatment. Defaulted TB cases were present, in the areas of 19.6% LHWs, while 12.8% of theLHWs had relapsed TB cases in their areas. Most of the LHWs (85.3%) had proper record of medicine and of the patients (84.3%). Conclusion:The experienced and TB-DOTS trained LHWs of urban areas, in the age group of 41-50 years had overall good performance. The LHWs havingqualification matric and above had better performance than the LHWs having middle qualification. TB-DOTS program in district Toba Tek Singhwas working successfully and it should be continued with some improvements and innovations.

scholarly journals Frequency of sensorineural hearing loss in children with bacterial meningitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2729-2733
Author(s):  
Rabia Saleem Safdar ◽  
M Faisal Mehar ◽  
Madiha Naz ◽  
Afsheen Asghar Khan ◽  
Nusrat Buzdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Evoked Response Audiometry ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with bacterial meningitis. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatric Medicine Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: The study was conducted after permission from ethical committee. A total of 151 patients admitted with bacterial meningitis were enrolled. Apart from the presenting complaints, necessary information like the age and gender were noted. Examination of the child was done to assess the condition of child. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test was performed before discharge of the patient from the hospital. The outcome variable that is SNHL in bacterial meningitis assessed by BERA test was noted in a specifically designed Performa. Results: Out of total of 151 patients, males were 83 (55%) while females 68 (45%). Overall mean age was 11.85+6.12 months. SNHL was found in 26 (17.2%) children. There was no significant effect of age or gender on the frequencies of SNHL. Conclusion: SNHL is a frequently encountered complication in our population of children with bacterial meningitis. SNHL should be carefully sought out and properly diagnosed in all the patients presenting with bacterial meningitis.

scholarly journals OBESITY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
ABDUL SALAM MALIK ◽  
MUNIR AHMAD AZHAR ◽  
KHALIL AHMAD SHAHID
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To assess frequency of obesity among college adolescent male and female students on BMI-Prime bases throughanthropometric. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: At higher secondary colleges located in urban areas of Bahawalpur City. Period: FromFebruary 2009 to March 2009 Materials & Methods: Assessment of obesity among 400 college male & female students equally divided, agesfrom 16 to 23 years was carried out on BMI-Prime bases. Weight categories so achieved were stratified and labeled. Results: There were3(0.75%) severely under weight, 44(11%) under weight, 273(68.25%) normal, 68(17%) over weight, 9(2.25%) obese and 3(0.75%) wereclinically obese. There was no morbidly obese. No statistical gender difference for severely under weight and clinically obese was noted.However females were more under weight (p<0.05) while males were more over weight (P<0.05) and obese (P<0.05) when compared witheach other. C o n c l u s i o n : The adolescent female college students were under weight when compared to their male colleagues. The frequencyof obesity was higher among male students

scholarly journals Frequency of ischemic stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis visiting to Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. Cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Saira Awan ◽  
◽  
Khalid Sher ◽  
Samar Iltaf ◽  
Quratulain Panhwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Life Threatening

Objective. To determine the frequency of ischemic stroke in patients presenting with bacterial meningitis visiting to JPMC. Material and method. Descriptive cross-sectional study, held in Neurology ward of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 20thapril 2018 to 20th October 2018. Patients aged >18 years of either gender with acute bacterial meningitis were included, written informed consent was obtained from all participants and also approval of ethical review committee of the institute was obtained. CT scan brain or MRI brain performed in all the included patients to assess ischemic stroke. All the collected data were recorded on proforma. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. 168 patients of bacterial meningitis were included. Mean ± SD of age was 63.48 ±10.53 (61.87-65.08) years. Out of 168 patients, 118 (70.28%) were male and 50 (29.76%) were female. The frequency of ischemic stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis was found to be 22(13.09%). In stratification of age group, 18-40 years and > 40 years, ischemic stroke was found in 4 (6.2%) and 18 (17.3%) patients respectively. In stratification of gender frequency of ischemic stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis in our study was found to be (16.9% among males and 4% among females). Conclusions. The frequency of ischemic stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis was 13.09% and it is associated with poor outcome so high degree of suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment of this life threatening complication. Ischemic stroke was found to be significantly more common in old patients as compared to young adults, also more common in males as compared to females.

scholarly journals Acute bacterial meningitis in children with 1st episode of febrile seizures.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Saba Urooj ◽  
Maria Saleem ◽  
Asim Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meningitis In Children

Objectives: To find out the frequency of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) among children with 1st episode of febrile seizures (FS) at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics Medicine Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child’s Health, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: A total number of 169 children who presented with 1st episode of acute FS, aged 6-60 months were included in this study. Data regarding age, gender, residential area and mother education was taken for each children. Once registered, lumbar puncture (LP) was performed along with a random blood sugar. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected and analyzed to find out the frequency of FS among children having ABM. Results: Mean age of children was 24.44±12.26 months. There were 100 (59.17%) male children and 69 (40.83%) female children. there were 16 (9.47%) children having positive family history of FS. 97 (57.40%) children were belonged to rural area and rest of the others were belonged to urban area. ABM was found in 10 (5.92%) children. Conclusion: Frequency of ABM among children presented with FS is not high. ABM was diagnosed in 5.92% children presenting with 1st episode of acute FS.

scholarly journals Role of Clinical Presentations and Routine CSF Analysis in the Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Cases of Negative Gram Stained Smears

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab Fouad ◽  
Marwa Khairy ◽  
Waleed Fathalah ◽  
Taha Gad ◽  
Badawy El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Background and Aim.Bacterial meningitis is a lethal, disabling endemic disease needing prompt antibiotic management. Gram stained smears is rapid accurate method for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. In cases of negative gram stained smears diagnosis is delayed till culture results. We aim to assess the role of clinical presentations and routine CSF analysis in the cost-effective rapid diagnosis of negative gram stained smears bacterial meningitis.Methods.Cross sectional study including 623 acute meningitis patients divided into two groups: bacterial meningitis and nonbacterial meningitis groups. The clinical presentations, systemic inflammatory parameters, and CSF analysis were evaluated and compared in both groups.Results.Altered conscious level, localizing neurological signs, Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs together with peripheral leucocytosis (>10.000/mm3), high CRP (>6) together with high CSF protein (>50 gl/dL), CSF neutrophilic count (≥50% of total CSF leucocytic count), and low CSF glucose level (<45 gm/dL) and CSF/serum glucose ≤0.6 were significantly diagnostic in bacterial meningitis patients. From the significant CSF analysis variables CSF protein carried the higher accuracy of diagnosis 78% with sensitivity 88% and specificity 72%.Conclusions.High CSF protein (>50 mg/dL) together with plasma inflammatory markers and CSF cytochemical parameters can diagnose bacterial meningitis in gram stain negative smear till culture results.

scholarly journals Maternal depression and loss of children under the one-child family planning policy in China: a cross-sectional study of 300 000 women

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e048554
Author(s):  
Hanyu Wang ◽  
Eric Frasco ◽  
Jie Shang ◽  
Minne Chen ◽  
Tong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Child Group

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the association between maternal depression and the loss of the only child under the family-planning (FP) policy.DesignCross-sectional data from a Chinese population-based study were analysed.SettingPopulation from 10 (5 rural and 5 urban) areas in China.ParticipantsAround 300 000 females were included in the study. The FP group was defined as women with one or two live births. Those with no surviving child were classified into the loss-of-only-child group. The non-FP group included women who had more than two live births. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and family types, after stratification and adjustment.OutcomeMDD was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory.ResultsThe odds of MDD are 1.42 times higher in the FP group in general (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.57), as opposed to the non-FP group. In particular, the odds of MDD are 1.36 times greater in the non-loss-of-only-child group (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.51) and 2.80 (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 0.88 to 8.94) times greater in the loss-of-only-child group, compared with the non-FP group. The associations between FP groups and MDD appeared to be stronger in the elderly population, in those who were married, less educated and those with a higher household income. The association was found progressively stronger in those who lost their only child.ConclusionsPeople in the FP group, especially those who lost their only child, are more susceptible to MDD than their counterparts in the non-FP group. Mental health programmes should give special care to those who lost their only child and take existing social policies and norms, such as FP policies, into consideration.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

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