scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Journey of Tax Reforms in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Kanungo
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Direct Tax

Reforms in the taxation system of a country are an integral part of its development. India has witnessed series of reforms in its taxation system. The tax rates have been rationalize d with simplification in the tax laws results in better compliance, ease of tax payment and better enforcement. India has witnessed reforms in both direct tax system and indirect tax system. After every reform, it becomes quite essential to measure its effectiveness. There are various parameters to measure the affects of the reforms and the tax to GDP ratio is considered to be the one. One of the major objectives of tax reform measures has been to increase total tax to GDP ratio as a means of achieving fiscal consolidation and improving resource allocation. Government of India is working to enhance its revenue collection, at the same time ensuring that cumbersome taxes do not bother the investors. This paper makes an attempt to highlight the journey of tax reforms taken place in India since the post liberalization period. The paper also highlights the tax to GDP ratio over the period of five years of study.

scholarly journals La Lente Evolution Du Système Fiscal Marocain : Les Faits Et Les Enseignements

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
M. Hafid Barka ◽  
M. Mohammed Saber Hassainate
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
French Protectorate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Taxation System

The present work aims to analyze the evolution of the Moroccan tax system from the independence to the implementation of the tax reform of the 1980s in order to draw the lessons and to be able to decide on its future evolutions. Indeed, fiscal developments and "reforms" succeeded one another since the independence in 1956, with no significant evolution in the Moroccan tax system inherited from the French protectorate. Yet this system was characterized by imbalances; inconsistencies and inequities. A profound tax reform has become inevitable. After an undue delay; The Government has proceeded from 1984 to the reform of the effective tax system with a view to its modernization and simplification. This reform has resulted, in fact, in the passage of a heavy and complex schedular or analytical system, characterized by blatant inequalities, imbalances and inconsistencies to a modern and synthetic taxation system. At the end of this reform; three major synthetic taxes were set up: T.V.A, I.S and I.R. The reform also concerned the taxation of local authorities. With the implementation of the tax reform since 1984, the Moroccan tax system has certainly made progress but limitations related in particular to the architecture of the system and its structure and new synthetic taxes persist. Future research will focus on assessing the tax reforms and adjustments of the years 2000 and the prospects for reforming the Moroccan tax system.

Tax Reforms in India since 1991: An Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaneeta Rani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

When the Indian economy faced an unprecedented macroeconomic crisis in 1991, fiscal consolidation constituted a major objective of the policy response. For this purpose, it became necessary to: (a) enhance tax and non-tax revenue, (b) curtail current expenditure growth, (c) restructure public sector undertakings, including disinvestment, (d) improve fiscal-monetary co-ordination, and (e) deregulate financial system. The need for improvements in budgetary practices led to the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 which ushered the Indian economy in an era of fiscal consolidation based on fiscal policy rules. Tax reforms introduced by the Government since 1991 have helped to build a structure which is simple, relies on moderate tax rates but with a wider base and better enforcement. Moreover, they have helped in correcting structural imbalances in the tax system. They are soft on industry with a view to create new investment climate and make India internationally competitive. By lowering the tax rates, the Government expects speedy industrial development and hence buoyancy in tax revenues. The country is keenly awaiting implementation of Direct Taxes Code (DTC) and National Level Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST is India’s most ambitious indirect tax reform. Lack of political consensus is holding up progress and implementation of GST. This paper gives a vivid account of recent reforms in the Indian tax system as a part of the on-going policy of liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy.

scholarly journals Transformation of the taxation system and its influence on enterprise development in the Republic of

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furkat Bazarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Small Business Taxation

The research studies impacts of new tax changes to the small businesses, unemployment and to economic growth in Uzbekistan. The study shows that the tax policy directed on perfection of tax mechanisms, reduction of tax rates aimed to raise economic efficiency of manufacturing and increasing individual income. As a result from year to year the tax burden is reduced and the taxation order becomes simpler. Empirical analysis shows that only for last seven years the general tax burden in economy was reduced with 40 to 27 percent. The author found problems existing in small business taxation and generalizes recommendations for simplification of tax system and tax administration. 

scholarly journals Personal Income Taxation in Poland

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Małecka-Zieńska
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxation System

The Polish taxation system has been undergoing substantial changes in recent years, aimed at creating a more transparent system and conforming to the taxation standards of market economy countries. The two most important changes were introduction of the personal income tax (PIT) in 1992 and replacement of the turnover tax with the value added tax (VAT) in 1993. The uniform personal income tax covered all incomes generated by natural persons irrespective of where the sources of income are located. The reform provided also a more equitable distribution of the tax burden by introducing a progressive system with three nominal tax rates (in 1992-20%, 30%, 40%).A comparative study of the effective PIT rate for pensioners and other groups of PIT payers is the main goal of this paper. The study refers to our own research on data received from The information of Polish Ministry of Finance about accounting of PIT in several subsequent years. Statistics cover a period from 1993 to 2003. However, numbers of taxpayers refer also to year 1992 when the PIT has been established and a period from 2004 to 2006.Concluding the situation in Poland, taxpayers with the highest income make exhaustive use of tax reductions. There are occurring situations when well-off people benefit more than people with relatively minor income (e. g. pensioners). It happens even if most of deductions were aimed generally at all taxpayers. Such a situation reduces the impression of the system fairness. Because tax deductions reduce budgetary revenues, the foregone revenues have to be compensated by other taxes or / and higher rates. Therefore, the system of deductions and relief, on the one hand, supports the special gains (e. g. house building), however, on the other it generates costs. It is possible that the reduction of tax rate for the I tax bracket and removal of some tax exemptions and deductions would make the Polish personal income tax more transparent, equal and simple.

scholarly journals Gst in india: a key tax reform

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
SUDHA B ◽  
DHATCHINAMOORTHI P
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
National Market ◽  
Indirect Taxes

GST is one of the most crucial tax reforms in India which has been longpending. It was supposed to be implemented from April 2010, but due to political issues andconflicting interests of various stakeholders it is still pending. It is a comprehensive taxsystem that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unifiedeconomy into a seamless national market. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existingindirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. This paper presents an overviewof GST concept, explains its features along with its timeline of implementation in India. Thepaper is more focused on advantages of GST and challenges faced by India in execution

TAXATION SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN: INFLUENCE OF TAX REFORMS ON SMALL ENTERPRISES

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhamadali Dekhanov
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Taxation System

    The problems of SME development and high tax rates have always been one of the most important social problems in any state. In recent years the taxation issue has gained a very big importance from the government policymakers. Politicians suggest further decrease of tax rates for small and medium enterprises and also improvement of single tax policy. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of influence of tax reforms on small enterprises in Uzbekistan.. Particularly it analysis how single tax effects the development and functioning of the SMEs. The base hypothesis used in this research paper is Laffer’ hypothesis, which states that decrease of tax rates will encourage the development of the enterprises and will raise more government revenues. This effect will be achieved through better business conditions, which ensures the financial sustainability of the business. Another point is the lower avoidance rate, where enterprises will not be more needed to hide their revenues and avoid taxes.The research results showed that implementation of lower tax rates and single tax policy, positively effect the development of the SME sector. Despite the policies and actions taken by government authorities, there is still space for improvements.

scholarly journals GST & Evolution of Tax System in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Jasmine V.M.
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
Taxation System

<em>Goods and Service Tax (GST) is a new tax-reform that India going to experience from July 1st 2017. GST is a comprehensive tax collection system which will subsume many direct as well as indirect taxes. Currently we have Value Added Tax system for collecting indirect tax by the states. It has been introduced as indirect value added tax into Indian Taxation system from 01st April 2005. Approximately 193 countries in the world employed VAT. In order to give uniformity in tax collection and to avoid cascading effect of tax GST has been studied and going implement throughout the country. In this context this paper is an attempt to understand historical development, structure of Indian Taxation system, working, features, Impacts of GST in a simple manner .This paper concludes with some suggestions which will be helpful for smooth implementation of GST.</em>

scholarly journals Household Behavior and the Tax Reform Act of 1986

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A Hausman ◽  
James M Poterba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Household Behavior ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Reform Proposal

President Reagan's May 1985 letter to Congress, accompanying his tax reform proposal, argued that the existing tax system hindered economic growth because “most Americans labor under excessively high tax rates that discourage work and cut drastically into savings.” This paper analyzes how the Tax Reform Act of 1986 affects these aspects of household behavior.

Top Income Shares and the Difficulties of Using Tax Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-152
Author(s):  
Gerald Auten ◽  
David Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Tax Rates ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Top Income Shares ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time

This chapter reconsiders income methods of estimating of inequality using US tax data. It presents a new approach that accounts for the effects of important social changes, tax reforms, technical tax issues, and the 40 percent of income missing from tax returns. Results suggest much smaller increases in top 1 percent shares of pre-tax income. After accounting for taxes and transfers, top 1 percent shares changed little since 1962. This resulted from substantial increases in transfers and increased overall progressivity of the tax system. While effective tax rates for the top 1 percent show little trend, they declined for the bottom 50 percent. Rather than stagnating, per capita real incomes of the bottom half of the population increased over time. Rather than increasing and capturing most economic growth, incomes of those starting at the top decreased while those starting with low incomes received most of the growth.

scholarly journals Impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Business and Tax Reforms in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Lavisha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Dual Structure ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Indirect Taxes

Goods and Services Tax (GST) comes under Indirect Tax regime covers whole of  India replaced  various indirect taxes levied by the Central and state governments. The GST is governed by GST Council and its Chairman is Union Finance Minister of India “GST is not a tax reform in true sense, but it is a major business reform which will change the way business activities are carried in the country. The dual structure of GST is the fundamental character of our country and therefore a single GST across the country is not possible in true sense under GST ,the taxpayer will be ease the burden  of taxpayers to deal with multiple indirect taxes as under present Indirect system but GST will cost high compliance burden on the taxpayers requiring a registration in every state from where taxable activities are carried out  but it would definitely reduced cumbersome documentation and save time. This research Paper discuss about the biggest step taken in indirect tax system that is GST and challenges in implementation. The paper aims to show that GST is a merely a Business reform, not a uniform tax system.

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