Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

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Effect of soluble silica fertiliser on total sugar, protein, starch content along with amylase and cellulase activity in banana

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 283-288

Author(s):

Tasneem Rangwala ◽

Angurbala Bafna ◽

Nagesh Vyas ◽

Rohan Gupta

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Essential Element ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Silica

Fertilisers have become an important factor used by farmers to increase yield and improve product quality. Earth’s crust carries a large amount of elemental silicon. However, silicon is not considered an essential element for plant growth therefore is not included in fertilisers. Silicon has shown to enhance the growth and productivity of various crops. The present study aimed to explore the potential of soluble silica in improving the biochemical parameters of banana (Grand naine variety). The field experiment was conducted at Ropni Vasaad village, Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh from August 2017 to September 2018. Silica was supplied as potassium silicate in the liquid form under the trade name AgriboosterTM. Doses were administered at the interval of one month starting from planting the tissue culture explants till harvesting the final crop. Eight treatments were designed which included three different concentration of soluble silica applied alone and with combination with compound fertilisers. Control was without any treatment. A significant increase in fresh and dry weight was observed with all the treatments. All the combinations of soluble silica resulted in significant increase in starch and total sugar content. The protein content showed significant increase with treatments consisting of soluble silica and compound fertiliser. Cellulase and amylase activity declined on treatment with soluble silica. The present study reveals that if soluble silica is either applied alone or with compound fertiliser, it can enhance the biochemical parameters and can indirectly delay ripening of banana by altering activity of cellulase and amylase.

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Seed Ontogeny and Nonstructural Carbohydrates of Cycas micronesica Megagametophyte Tissue

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci10986-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1144-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas E. Marler ◽

Nirmala Dongol

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Biological Function ◽

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Work ◽

Weight Basis ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽

Starch Concentration

The profile of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was quantified to determine sugar and starch relationships of megagametophyte tissue during Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill seed ontogeny. Field work occurred in northern Guam where megastrobili were marked and dated as they emerged from stem apices of plants in a natural population. Seeds were harvested beginning 6 months after megastrobili emergence and continuing until 28 months, and gametophyte tissue was separated from the remainder of each seed. Carbohydrates within lyophilized gametophyte tissue were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The levels of glucose and fructose declined from a high at 6 months to a homeostasis at 11 months, and the levels of sucrose similarly declined from 6 months to a homeostasis at ≈14 months. Starch content exceeded sugar content and increased from 6 months to reach a homeostasis at ≈18 months. Maltose was not detected in any sample. Stoichiometric quotients changed dramatically until ≈14 months, when they became fairly stable until 28 months. Starch concentration was ≈5-fold greater than sugar concentration at 6 months, and increased to ≈15-fold greater than sugar concentration by 28 months. Total NSC in mature megagametophytes was almost 70% on a dry weight basis. Our results are in agreement with the biological function of this haploid tissue, as copious carbohydrate resources are readily available to support embryo and seedling growth.

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DRY WEIGHT, SOLUBLE SUGAR CONTENT, AND STARCH CONTENT OF MAIZE KERNELS DURING THE EARLY POSTSILKING PERIOD

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps78-029 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 199-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. TOLLENAAR ◽

T. B. DAYNARD

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Soluble Sugar Content ◽

Maize Kernels

Kernel development was studied in the maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids United-H106 and Funk’s G-4444, grown in a controlled-environment growth room. A method was employed in which husks were excised, and kernels were removed from the same set of ears at several subsequent sampling dates. This method did not affect the dry matter accumulation of the remaining kernels. Basal kernels (kernel numbers 6–15 in the row) and tip kernels (kernel numbers 31–40) were removed at 2-day intervals during the period from 10 to 20 days postsilking. Dry weight, ethanol-soluble sugar content, and starch content were determined for each sample. Accumulation of dry matter in the tip kernels ceased in a fraction of the United-H106 ears at the onset of the period of linear tip-kernel dry matter accumulation. Only small differences were observed in sugar content between growing and non-growing tip kernels of ears of United-H106. Starch appeared to continue to accumulate in kernels in which dry matter had ceased to accumulate. Except for a delay of approximately 2 days, the pattern of development of tip kernels in Funk’s G-4444 was similar to that of kernels at the base.

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INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF BORON AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF MAIZE GROWN IN REFINED SAND

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-053 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 455-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. CHATTERJEE ◽

P. SINHA ◽

S. C. AGARWALA

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Polyphenol Oxidase ◽

Starch Content ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Boron Deficiency ◽

Starch Phosphorylase ◽

Combined Deficiency

Boron-phosphorus interaction was observed in maize (Zea mays L. ’Ganga 2’) when grown in refined sand at three levels of boron, deficient (0.0033 mg L−1), normal (0.33 mg L−1) and excess (3.3 mg L−1), each at three levels of phosphorus, deficient (0.17 m mol L−1), normal (1.5 mmol L−1) and excess (4 m mol L−1). The effects of phosphorus deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry matter, soluble protein, DNA, activity of ribonuclease and increase in the activities of peroxidase, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase) were intensified by a combined deficiency of boron and phosphorus. The effects of boron deficiency (i.e., reduction in dry weight, leaf boron and DNA and increase in starch content and in the activities of starch phosphorylase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) become more intense in the treatment-deficient B-excess P. The decreases caused by excess phosphorus (i.e., dry weight, starch and sugar content, DNA, RNA and activity of ribonuclease) were aggravated by combined excess of boron and phosphorus.Key words: Zea mays, maize, boron and phosphorus nutrition

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Effects of Leaf Potassium Content on Growth Dynamics of Muskmelon and Developing a Coupling Model of Nitrogen and Potassium

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13980-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 1397-1408 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Yang ◽

Lianzhu Chen ◽

Ming Cao ◽

Xuebin Zhang ◽

Shaopeng Li

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Coupling Model ◽

Potassium Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Area Index

Nitrogen and potassium are two crucial nutrient elements that affect the yield and quality of crops. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of potassium on growth dynamics and quality of muskmelon, so as to optimize potassium management for muskmelon in a plastic greenhouse, and develop a coupling model of nitrogen and potassium. For this purpose, four experiments (two experiments with different levels of potassium treatment and planting dates, and the other two experiments with different ratios of nitrogen and potassium, and planting dates) on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in a plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015. The quantitative relationship between leaf potassium content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g−1. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of leaf area index (LAI), direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively; and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) were 10.8%, 19.6%, 30.3%, 21.1%, 11.9%, 17.2%, 13.9%, 27.8%, 20.6%, and 10.1%, respectively. The two ways of nitrogen and potassium coupling (multiplicative coupling and minimum coupling) were compared, and the multiplicative coupling was used in model development finally. The r2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively; and their rRMSE were 9.2%, 12.4%, 11.8%, 43.2%, 6.6%, 7.2%, 6.85%, 4.98%, 6.61%, and 4.35%, respectively. The models could be used for the optimization of potassium, nitrogen, and potassium coupling management for muskmelon production in a plastic greenhouse.

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Effect of Seed Invigouration Treatments on Physiological Parameters and Nodulation of Grain Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4204 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anju B. Raj ◽

Sheeja K. Raj

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Research Station ◽

Area Index ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Cowpea Seed

The experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram with an objective to assess the effect of seed invigouration with ZnSO4 and borax alone and along with Trichoderma viride on physiological parameters and nodulation of grain cowpea. Seed invigouration treatments had significant effect on physiological parameters as well as nodulation parameters in grain cowpea. Leaf area index and total chlorophyll content were found to be higher in seeds primed in ZnSO4 0.025 and 0.05 per cent for 4h at both 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). From 30 to 60 DAS, crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were the highest in seeds pelleted with borax 50 mg kg-1 seed and from 60 DAS to harvest, seeds primed in ZnSO4 0.05 per cent for 4h registered the highest CGR and RGR. Total number of nodules and effective nodules per plant were found to be higher in seeds pelleted with borax 50 and 100 mg kg-1 seed. However, the nodule fresh and dry weight were the highest in seeds primed in ZnSO4 0.05 per cent for 4h. Hence it can be concluded that compared to seed pelleting with borax, seed priming with ZnSO4 was found better for nodulation as well as better expression of physiological parameters in grain cowpea.

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Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/v10298-012-0090-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽

F. Vazin ◽

M. Hassanzadehdelouei

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Area Index ◽

Relative Water ◽

The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

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In vitro Screening of Iron Efficient Groundnut Cultivars for Calcareous Soil

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1230291 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 137-148

Author(s):

V. S. Reddy Kiran Kalyan ◽

S. Meena ◽

D. Jawahar ◽

S. Karthikeyan

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Large Scale ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Pod Yield

Aims: In the present study twenty groundnut genotypes are evaluated for their resistance to IDC and to identify feasible indicators for screening iron (Fe) efficient groundnut genotypes in calcareous soils based on the morphophysiological parameters at 45 days after sowing (DAS). Study Design: The experiment was replicated three times with two iron treatments (+Fe and – Fe) in a randomized block design Place and Duration of Study: Field screening of genotypes was carried during Kharif 2019 at Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore district (10°59’31.9” N 76°47’15.4 E), Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: The randomized field experiment was comprised of two major factors, i) Fe status (with Fe, without Fe), and ii) genotypes (twenty) with differential IDC response. Seven morpho-physiological parameters associated with IDC resistance were evaluated in groundnut genotypes. Results: Under Fe deficit conditions, IDC efficient genotypes recorded significantly higher shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root volume, SPAD values, active Fe, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, and higher yield compared to susceptible ones because of better Fe utilization efficiency. The various morpho-physiological parameters studied showed a significant correlation with pod yield. The four genotypes viz., TAG 24, CO 7, VRI 8, and VRI-16086 were efficient under both sufficient and deficit conditions under calcareousness. The stepwise multiple regression shows the peroxidase (POD) accounts for 71 % under +Fe condition and SPAD accounted for 66 percent in -Fe in predicting the pod yield. Hence, POD and SPAD can be used as indicators for selecting Fe efficient groundnut cultivars for calcareous soil. Conclusion: The findings indicate that SPAD values are most optimal for the initial large-scale screening of groundnut genotypes for tolerance to IDC, whereas peroxidase may be used to validate established genotypes.

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Quantifying the Relationship between Leaf Nitrogen Content and Growth Dynamics and Yield of Muskmelon Grown in Plastic Greenhouse

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.11.1677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1677-1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Yang ◽

Gang Li ◽

Weihong Luo ◽

Lili Chen ◽

Shaopeng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Area Index

The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the impacts of nitrogen on growth dynamics and yield, so as to facilitate the optimization of nitrogen management for muskmelon crop in plastic greenhouse. For this purpose, four experiments with different levels of nitrogen treatment and planting dates on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Nov. 2012 to Sept. 2014. The quantitative relationship between leaf nitrogen content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf nitrogen content at flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 19.8 and 21.0 mg·g−1. The coefficient of determination (r2) and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) between the predicted and measured value of growth dynamics and yield were, respectively, 0.91 and 10.8% for leaf area index (LAI), 0.90 and 19.6% for dry weight of shoot (DWSH), 0.76 and 30.3%, 0.82 and 21.1%, and 0.92 and 11.9% for dry weight of leaf (DWL), stem (DWST), and fruit (DWF), 0.91 and 17.3%, 0.89 and 13.9%, 0.86 and 27.8%, and 0.88 and 20.6% for soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C content (VC), and soluble solids content (SO) of fruit, and 0.90 and 10.1% for fresh weight of fruit (FWF). The model could be used for the optimization of nitrogen management for muskmelon production in plastic greenhouse. Further calibration and test would be needed during the application of the model in wider range of conditions and muskmelon cultivars.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at Shewa Robit, North Shewa, Ethiopia

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070702115010059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Mandefro Tilahun ◽

Wondwosen Tena ◽

Bizuayehu Desta

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Average Weight ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Yield Quality

Background: Onion is one of the most important crops widely cultivated throughout the world, including Ethiopia. The production of onion is mainly affected by the inadequate application of inorganic fertilizer types and rates. Objective: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers on the growth, yield, quality, and nutrient uptake of onion at Shewa Robit in 2018/19 under irrigation. Methods: The experiment consisted of four nitrogen rates (100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha) and five sulfur rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60kg S/ha). The treatments were laid out in a factorial arrangement with three replications using randomized complete block design (RCBD). Bombay Red was used as a testing onion variety. Results: The interaction effect of nitrogen and sulfur significantly increased plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf area index, neck diameter, shoot dry weight, bulb fresh weight and bulb dry weight, percent dry matter content, yield, and quality parameters. The application of 200kg N/ha and 45 kg S/ha resulted in the highest yield (42.6 t ha-1), the average weight of bulb (193.6g), and a marketable bulb (99.8%). The highest N uptake (243.3 kg ha-1) and S uptake (31.9kg ha-1) were obtained by the combined application of 200 kgN/ha and 45kg S/ha. Conclusion: The application of 200 kgN/ha and 45kgS/ha can be recommended for high yield and quality onion production in the study area.

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