scholarly journals In vitro Screening of Iron Efficient Groundnut Cultivars for Calcareous Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
V. S. Reddy Kiran Kalyan ◽  
S. Meena ◽  
D. Jawahar ◽  
S. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Pod Yield

Aims: In the present study twenty groundnut genotypes are evaluated for their resistance to IDC and to identify feasible indicators for screening iron (Fe) efficient groundnut genotypes in calcareous soils based on the morphophysiological parameters at 45 days after sowing (DAS). Study Design: The experiment was replicated three times with two iron treatments (+Fe and – Fe) in a randomized block design Place and Duration of Study: Field screening of genotypes was carried during Kharif 2019 at Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore district (10°59’31.9” N 76°47’15.4 E), Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: The randomized field experiment was comprised of two major factors, i) Fe status (with Fe, without Fe), and ii) genotypes (twenty) with differential IDC response. Seven morpho-physiological parameters associated with IDC resistance were evaluated in groundnut genotypes. Results: Under Fe deficit conditions, IDC efficient genotypes recorded significantly higher shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root volume, SPAD values, active Fe, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, and higher yield compared to susceptible ones because of better Fe utilization efficiency. The various morpho-physiological parameters studied showed a significant correlation with pod yield. The four genotypes viz., TAG 24, CO 7, VRI 8, and VRI-16086 were efficient under both sufficient and deficit conditions under calcareousness. The stepwise multiple regression shows the peroxidase (POD) accounts for 71 % under +Fe condition and SPAD accounted for 66 percent in -Fe in predicting the pod yield. Hence, POD and SPAD can be used as indicators for selecting Fe efficient groundnut cultivars for calcareous soil. Conclusion: The findings indicate that SPAD values are most optimal for the initial large-scale screening of groundnut genotypes for tolerance to IDC, whereas peroxidase may be used to validate established genotypes.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini S V ◽  
◽  
Jayanthi C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phenolics Content

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Mulch Application on Growth Performance and Pod Yields of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Irrigated Condition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Molla ◽  
Girma Abera ◽  
Sheleme Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Banana Leaves

Hot pepper is an important vegetable and spice crop in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of hot pepper is limited by poor soil fertility and lack of proper soil and water conservation measures under irrigated condition. Therefore, hot pepper crop response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and mulching experiment was conducted at Alage ATVET College. The treatments consisted of three mulch types (no mulch, transparent plastic mulch, and dry banana leaves mulch) and four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A hot pepper cultivar commonly known as “MarekoFana” was used for the study. Days to 50% flowering, 50% fruit set, maturity and harvest were significantly prolonged in response to increasing N application. The delays were about 7, 19, 23 and 12 days at the N levels of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1respectively compared to the control. The analysis of variance revealed that plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, dry weight of seeds per pod, total weight of dried pods per plant, weight of individual dry pods and width were significantly (P = .001) increased by the main effect of mulching. Generally, the results revealed that nitrogen application significantly (P = .001) influenced all growth parameters, pod yield, and yield components of the crop. Nitrogen application at 100 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest total dried pod yield (4.5 tha-1), marketable yield (3.76 t ha- 1), pod length (13.3 cm), pod width (3.2 cm), mean dry weight of pod (3.85 g), and seed number per pod (108.4). The interaction of N and mulching also significantly (P = .05) affected marketable and total pod yields. In conclusion, based on agronomic performance and partial budget analyses results we recommend a combined application of dry banana leaves mulch and 100 kg N ha-1 for economically feasible and sustainable hot pepper production in Alage areas of Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCES FOR WATER SCARCE CONDITIONS OF PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR COMMAND AREA OF TAMIL NADU

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (june) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sudhalakshmi C ◽  
◽  
Rani S ◽  
Geethalakshmi V ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Water Scarce

Field experiments were conducted at Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar during 2016 – 2019 to assess the performance of rice-based cropping sequences for water-scarce conditions of the Parambikulam Aliyar Project Command area of Tamil Nadu. Five cropping sequences viz., rice–sesame (T1), rice–groundnut (T2), rice– sunflower (T3), rice–castor (T4) and rice–black gram (T5) were experimented adopting Randomized Block Design with each sequence replicated four times. Results revealed that compared to the other non-legume sequences experimented, the contents of KMnO4-N and organic carbon in the post harvest soil, productivity of rice and economic efficiency were higher in rice–black gram followed by rice–groundnut sequence. Rice– castor sequence recorded the highest land utilization efficiency of 76.7 % and was the lowest in rice–black gram sequence (53.4 %). Rice equivalent yield was the highest on sequential cropping with sunflower (5755 kg ha-1) followed by groundnut (5028 kg ha-1). Production efficiency was the highest in rice– groundnut (47.5 kg ha-1 day-1) followed by rice–castor (42.5 kg ha-1 day- 1) systems. Net returns and benefit-cost ratio were higher in rice–sunflower and rice–black gram sequences followed by rice–groundnut and was the lowest in rice–sesame sequence. In terms of soil fertility, system productivity and economic returns, rice–sunflower, rice–black gram and rice–groundnut systems are highly remunerative for water-scarce conditions of Parambikulam Aliyar Command Area of Tamil Nadu.

scholarly journals Plant Pellets: A Compatible Vegan Feedstock for Preparation of Plant-Based Culture Media and Production of Value-Added Biomass of Rhizobia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8389
Author(s):  
Hassan-Sibroe A. Daanaa ◽  
Mennatullah Abdou ◽  
Hanan A. Goda ◽  
Mohamed T. Abbas ◽  
Mervat A. Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol

Although plant-based culture media enhances in vitro cultivation of rhizobacteria, studies assessing their biomass potential for large-scale applications are lacking. Here, we advance plant pellets (PPs) as a novel technology to unlock the potential of such vegan culture media for biomass production of Rhizobium leguminosarum. PP formulations were based on mixtures of Egyptian clover powder and the agro-byproducts glycerol and molasses. These mixtures were either contained or not contained in teabags during culture media preparation. Metrics of biomass included colony forming units, optical density (OD600nm), and cell dry weight (DW). Biomass comparisons between culture media based on PPs and standard yeast extract mannitol (YEM) revealed that the following PPs composition, contained in teabags, cultivated rhizobia at levels comparable to YEM: 16 g clover powder, 5% molasses, and 0.8% glycerol. This PPs composition enabled shorter generation times of rhizobia (PP: 3.83 h, YEM: 4.28 h). Strikingly, PPs mixtures supplemented with 10% molasses and not contained in teabags promoted rhizobia without apparent lag phases and produced 25% greater DW than YEM. PPs potentiate the use of dehydrated vegan feedstocks for both plant microbiota cultivation and biomass production and appear as cost- and labor-effective tools, easy to handle and store for plant-based culture media preparation.

Effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of kharifgroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Patel ◽  
D. M. Patel ◽  
B. J. Patel ◽  
P. P. Patel ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Free Treatment

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2009-10 to 2011-12 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nine treatments of weed control were evaluated in randomized block design and replicated four times. Besides weed free treatment, an application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha PE + imazethapyr 75 g/ha PoE at 15-20 DAS and H. W. + IC at 20 and 40 DAS recorded higher mature pods per plant, shelling percent, pod yield, haulm yield, gross return, net return, BCR and weed control efficiency as well as lower weed index and dry weight of weeds. No adverse effect of herbicides was observed on plant population, grain and straw yield of succeeding wheat crop.

scholarly journals Production of in vitro strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) plantlets in large-scale system supplemented with silver nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-493
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thuong ◽  
Hoang Thanh Tung ◽  
Hoang Dac Khai ◽  
Vu Thi Hien ◽  
Vu Quoc Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
System Length

The growth of strawberry plantlets in the rooting stage on culture medium supplemented with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the ethylene gas accumulation in plantlet culture bottles were investigated. In addition, different culture systems were first used to produce large-scale Strawberry plantlets. The results showed that shoots (3 cm) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/L NAA, 1 g/L activated charcoal, 30 g/L sucrose, 8 g/L agar and 0.5 mg/L AgNPs showed about 4 days earlier rooting formation and the plantlet growth such as plantlet height (5.60 cm), fresh weight (242.67 mg), dry weight (34,67 mg), number of roots/plantlet (6.67), root length (3.40 cm), SPAD (39.30 nmol/cm2) were higher than those in the control after 15 days of culture. Besides, the ethylene gas content in the culture bottle (0.06 ppm) in the 0.5 mg/L AgNPs treatment was lower than as compared to that in the control (0.15 ppm) after 15 days of culture. A shoot density (10 shoots) in 250 mL culture bottle with 40 mL of medium gave optimal growth than those in other treatments after 15 days of culture. Square plastic box culture system (length × width × height: 19 cm × 19 cm × 7 cm; 2.5 L in volume) containing 250 mL MS medium added to 0.5 mg/L AgNPs produced 100 vigorous plantlets; meanwhile, rectangular plastic box system (34 cm × 23 cm × 13 cm; 10 L in volume; 10 L in volume) produced 200 vigorous plantlets. Plantlets derived from 0.5 mg/L AgNPs treatment in the plastic box systems exhibited well acclimatization after 30 and 60 days of culture in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical applications and consequent environmental impacts of Spirulina (Arthrospira): An overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Shao ◽  
R. Ebaid ◽  
M. El-Sheekh ◽  
A. Abomohra ◽  
H. Eladel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation ◽  
Complete Protein ◽  
Β Carotene

Recently, microalgae cultivation for different applications, including the production of nutritional and pharmaceutical active compounds has received increasing attention. Among the different genera, Spirulina (Arthrospira sp.) is one of the most promising blue-green microalgae (Cyanophyta) because it is rich in antioxidants, essential amino acids (EAAs), minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins. It has a high protein content (60-70% of the dry weight), which is a complete protein, i.e. containing all EAAs. Therefore, Spirulina is currently a commercial product with high nutritional value and also a significant source of complementary and alternative medicine. The objective of the present work was to review the pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of Spirulina, especially its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-toxicity properties. The results were obtained from experiments in the literature performed in vitro and in vivo using experimental animals. The main reported active ingredients in Spirulina include phycocyanin, tocopherol, β-carotene, caffeic acids and chlorogenic acid, which showed individual or synergetic effects. In addition, the present review discusses the future perspectives of genetically modified Spirulina as a source for industrial products while producing valuable biomass photoautotrophically. Furthermore, the consequent environmental impacts of large-scale cultivation of Spirulina are discussed.

scholarly journals In vitro screening for salt stress tolerance of native and exotic potato genotypes by morphological and physiological parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Harun Or Rashid ◽  
SMS Islam ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Whole Plant

This study was performed on in vitro bioassay screening for salt tolerance of ten native and six exotic potato genotypes in Bangladesh. Single node was used to evaluate salinity tolerance especially on biomass production. Five different concentrations of NaCl (0 = control, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM) were used in addition to MS medium and evaluated salt tolerant and sensitive genotype by various morphological and physiological parameters e.g. shoot and root length and its thickness, number of leaves and roots, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and water contents. The ANOVA, DMRT and correlation coefficient were found highly significant at p<0.01 among the genotypes. With salt stress condition highly positive correlation, co-efficient were found between stem length and internodal distance, leaves number, roots number, root length, dry weight of whole plant and fresh weight of whole plant. A dendrogram based on relative values of 10 morphological and physiological parameters of growth under salt conditions were led to clustering into four distinct group’s i.e. tolerant, moderately tolerant, sensitive and very sensitive. On the basis of stress tolerance trait indices (STTIs), Arun (92.78) and Ausha (80.27) showed as a highest salt tolerant, Jamalu (56.33) and Chollisha (57.03) showed the most salt sensitive potato cultivars. From this finding it may be concluded that in vitro screening with bioassay are relatively simple, rapid and convenient and these methods can be used for further advance biotechnological research on potato improvement. J. bio-sci. 28: 21-32, 2020

scholarly journals Weed Management Strategies for Enhanced Productivity in Groundnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
T. Parthipan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field investigation was carried out at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vridhachalam to evaluate suitable weed management strategies for enhanced productivity groundnut. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments. The treatments included were Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready  mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Imazethapyr @ 75 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Hand Weeding (HW) at 25-30 DAS, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb HW at 25-30 DAS, Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and Weedy check. Application of Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha on 3rd day after sowing followed by one manual weeding at 25-30 DAS recorded lower weed density of 33.3 No/m2, weed dry weight of 113 g/m2 with higher pod yield of 2400 kg/ha, net return of Rs. 62851/- per ha with BCR of 1.91. Among the herbicide combinations, application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha on 3 DAS followed by Imazethapyr @ 75 g/ha at 15-20 DAS recorded pod yield of 1600 kg/ha with Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.38. From this study, it was concluded that application of Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg a.i//ha on 3 DAS as pre-emergence followed by one hand weeding at 25-30 DAS was identified as efficient and economical weed management practice for groundnut.

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