scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae infestation on smoked catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Adeolu Rufus Jose ◽  
Yallappa Rajashekar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Leaf Powder

Studies were conducted under ambient condition to assess the efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against larvae infestation and adult emergence of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on smoked dried catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae). The leaf powder was admixed at 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g and 5.0 g/15 g to disinfected smoke-dried catfish Clarias gariepinus separately in a 125 mL plastic container. Ten newly emerged (0-72 h) larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into each of the plastic containers. Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum was assessed based on percentage larval mortality, adult emergence reduction and weight loss. Results showed that the plant powder cause significantly (p < 0.05) larval mortality compared to the untreated fish at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infestation. Percentage reduction of adult emergence was not significant (p > 0.05) in treated fish samples compared to untreated sample. While fish sample protected with powder of Clerodendrum capitatum, exhibit significant (p < 0.05) low weight loss as against weight loss observed in untreated fish. The efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum is inversely proportional to increase in dosage rate. This study clearly demonstrated the larvicidal potential of Clerodendrum capitatum powder in offering effective protection against infestation and damage by D. maculatus and recommended for utilization in integrated post-harvest management strategies of smoke-dried fish.

Piper guineense: A potent ethnobotanical preservative against Dermestes maculatus in smoke-dried African catfish, Clarias gariepinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Omosowone Olajumoke
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Dried Fish

Piper guineense fruits were purchased, sun-dried (30±2oC) for 10 days and ground into fine powder. Fifteen (15) pieces of Clarias gariepinus (300 ± 5.0 g) were procured and smoke-dried in the laboratory using a charcoal-powered smoking kiln at 65oC for 10 hours. Each smoke-dried fish sample was placed in a plastic container with perforated lids covered with muslin cloth and Piper guineense fruit meal was sprinkled at varying quantities (0.0 g, 2.5 g, 5.0 g, 7.5 g and 10.0 g). Ten (10) adults of Dermestes maculatus bred from highly infested smoke-dried fish samples were introduced into each container and covered air-tight for seven (7) days. Mortality of D. maculatus was significantly different (p = .05) in all treatments and increased with an increase in the quantity of P. guineense and number of days. Mortality ranged between 73.33 and 100 % in treated groups while none was recorded in the control. Chemical compositions in treatments showed an increase in crude protein, lipids and lower moisture content at higher inclusion levels. This study showed that P. guineense can prolong the shelf-life of smoke-dried C. gariepinus against D. maculatus while retaining its nutritional composition. Key words: Dermestes maculatus, Piper guineense, smoke-dried, Clarias gariepinus

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

scholarly journals Antifeedant and Insecticidal Effect of Hexane Botanical Extracts on Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L.. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmitha S ◽  
◽  
Shanthi M ◽  
Murugan M ◽  
Senthil K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Significant Difference

Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the nefarious pests of cruciferous crops. Crude extracts from six botanicals obtained using hexane by continuous hot percolation process in Soxhlet apparatus were evaluated for their effect on larval mortality, antifeedant, growth and development of second instar larvae of DBM. The results revealed that the antifeedant index of Sesbania grandiflora 5% was 20.82% followed by Swietenia macrophylla 5%, which had 15.61%. The larval mortality and adult emergence exhibited by S. grandiflora was (66.67% and 33.33% respectively) after 72 h of feeding on treated leaf. It was statistically on par with S. macrophylla, which had 63.33% larval mortality and 36.67% adult emergence. With regard to the developmental period of life stages, no significant difference was observed among the treatments. However, all the treatments were significantly superior over untreated check in prolonging the developmental period of DBM. It was concluded that the S. grandiflora and S. macrophylla hexane leaf extract 5% are promising botanicals against P. xylostella, as they possess insecticidal, antifeedant and growth inhibitory activity. These results open up the scope for further isolation of bioactive compounds and validation under field conditions, which would lead to formulation development, ultimately it can be incorporated as ecofriendly component in the integrated pest management strategies.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p184
Author(s):  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Leaf Powder

The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium),  marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination  of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The highest weight loss was observed in control seeds followed by marigold leaf powder 0.5 g/kg gram seeds. Datura leaf powder treated seeds showed the lowest seed weight loss followed by neem, garlic and marigold. Plant powders had profound effect on seed germination. The highest germination was observed in treated seed with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg and the lowest germination in control seed followed by marigold leaf powder at 1.5 g/kg treated seeds. The pesticidal effect on oviposition, adult mortality, adult emergence, and seed weight loss was directly proportional to leaf powder rates.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of indigenous plant powders as grain protectant against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in stored chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
MAA Bachchu ◽  
KS Ahmed ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
Seed Infestation

The effectiveness of 17 indigenous plant powders as grain protectant were assessed against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.). The results indicated that among all the tested plant materials, tobacco leaf powder (TLP) had promising effects on inhibiting oviposition and reducing adult emergence, seed infestation, and weight loss by C. chinensis. Tobacco leaf powder offered complete protection of chickpea seeds applied at 20.0 g/kg seeds. Its lower doses exhibited efficacy in dose dependant manner. The lowest number of eggs (24.60), egg bearing seeds (23.40), adult emergence (23.20), seed infestation (8.28%), and weight loss (0.50%) were obtained from the TLP treated at 10.0 g/kg seeds, while the highest of these parameters were in untreated control. In the ovicidal test, TLP showed 100% inhibition at 20.0 g/kg seeds over control. The lowest number of adults (37.20) were emerged when larvae bearing seeds were treated with TLP at 20.0 g/kg seeds along with 59.39% retardation over the control and had no adverse effect on seed germination up to 3 months. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20146 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 93-103, March 2014

Potential of Five Local Plant as Protectant against Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus Degeer Infesting Dry Cat Fish; Clarias gariepinus Burchell

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Jatau ◽  
Q. Majeed ◽  
M. A. Yahaya ◽  
M. B. Sokoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Dried Fish

Efficacy of varying amounts of five selected local plant namely : Balanite aegyptiaca, Eugenia aromatica, Piper guineense, Ocimum gratisimum, and Ziziphus mauratania against the mortality, oviposition, progeny emergence and  weight loss of dried fish due to infestation by  Dermestes maculatus was studied under ambient conditions. The plant were pulverised into powders and applied as 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g per 50 g of dried fish. Three pairs of newly emerged adults by  were inoculated into each of the treated fish in a beaker, arranged in a Complete Randomized Design  in the laboratory. The result showed all the plant powders tested evoked significant mortalities of adults at the highest concentration (6) after 3 and 7 days of post-treatment when compared with untreated control. The rate of oviposition was drastically suppressed by all plant powders, especially at higher concentration.  The number of adults emerged were significantly lower than control at (p>0.05).  Similarly, all the plant's powders significantly prevented weight loss at highest concentration after 12 weeks of post-treatment periods. These results have shown that tested plants demonstrated potential ability against adults hide beetle infesting dried fish.

scholarly journals Responses of two plant-derived bioinsecticides as protectants of smoke-dried catfish, Clarias gariepinus [Pisces: Clariidae] against hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) [Coleoptera: Dermestidae]

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Toxicities of Vernonia amygdalina and Tithonia diversifolia leaf powders and extracts on larva and adult mortality of Dermestes maculatus on smoke-dried catfish were evaluated in the laboratory. The leaf powders were admixed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/100 g of smoked catfish in 500 ml plastic container while plant extracts were tested at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations. Results The toxicities of the plant products were concentrations and exposure time dependent. Significant difference (P < 0.05) existed between the toxicity of V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia leaf powders and control. Tithonia diversifolia powder evoked 27.5, 40, 52.7, 60 and 82.5% larval mortalities at the various concentrations after 24 h of exposure of the catfishes to the plant powder. Similarly, V. amygdalina leaf powders caused 20, 30, 42.5, 52.5 and 77.5% larval mortalities at varying concentrations of 24 h intervals of exposure to the plant powder. Tithonia diversifolia powder achieved 100% mortality at 9 g dosage after 96 h of treatment. Similar trend was achieved on the response of both plant leaf extracts as protectants of smoke-dried catfish against hide beetle. Conclusion Tithonia diversifolia powder and extract were more lethal than bitter leaf (V. amygdalina) and could be integrated as smoked fish protectant against hide beetle (D. maculatus).

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in combination with chlorantraniliprole against Spodoptera species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Naeem Arshad Maan ◽  
Muhammad Ahsin Ayub ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
Mubasher Ahmad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
High Larval Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background The armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and S. litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are polyphagous pests of many cash crops. Heavy crop losses have been reported for the fruit and vegetable crops each year owing to the diverse impact on global economies. The present study was aimed to sort out a novel method of pest control using the insect’s own nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) alone and in combination with a new chemistry insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Results In the study, the effect of indigenous isolated nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and the chemical insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of S. litura and S. exigua, collected from the different geographical region of Punjab (Pakistan) province, was evaluated. Three concentrations of the NPV isolate, sub-lethal (1 × 104, 6 × 104 POB ml−1), lethal (3 × 105 POB ml−1), and chlorantraniliprole 0.01 μl l−1, were applied alone and in combination against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of both pest species. The lethal concentration of NPV + chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic interaction and caused high larval mortality against both instars, while in all other combinations, additive effect was observed. Moreover, NPV + chlorantraniliprole at lethal concentration exhibited decreased pupation, adult emergence, and egg eclosion. Conclusion The implications of using NPV alone and in combination with an insecticide are discussed briefly in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of gallic acid on the larvae of Spodoptera litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Punia ◽  
Nalini Singh Chauhan ◽  
Drishtant Singh ◽  
Anup Kumar Kesavan ◽  
Sanehdeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Bracon Hebetor ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Immense Potential

AbstractThe antibiosis effect of gallic acid on Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitoid evaluated by feeding six days old larvae on artificial diet incorporated with different concentrations (5 ppm, 25 ppm, 125 ppm, 625 ppm, 3125 ppm) of the phenolic compound revealed higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid had a negative impact on the survival and physiology of S. litura and its parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The mortality of S. litura larvae was increased whereas adult emergence declined with increasing concentration of gallic acid. The developmental period was delayed significantly and all the nutritional indices were reduced significantly with increase in concentration. Higher concentration (LC50) of gallic acid adversely affected egg hatching, larval mortality, adult emergence and total development period of B. hebetor. At lower concentration (LC30) the effect on B. hebetor adults and larvae was non-significant with respect to control. Gene expression for the enzymes viz., Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Peroxidase, Esterases and Glutathione S transferases increased while the total hemocyte count of S. litura larvae decreased with treatment. Our findings suggest that gallic acid even at lower concentration (LC30) can impair the growth of S. litura larvae without causing any significant harm to its parasitoid B. hebetor and has immense potential to be used as biopesticides.

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

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