Conflictos por tomas de tierras y modos de intervención estatal: análisis de una experiencia del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-508
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Majid Ali ◽  
Abdoulaye M’Begniga ◽  
Zhou Guoqing ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is an important Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) project that integrates many countries. The CPEC project will play a vital role to make more strong relationship between China and Pakistan. CPEC project will enhance cooperation between Pakistan and China in field of socio-cultural and regional Bilateral Cooperation and exchange. Despite growth between two countries in the economic and trade field, there is a vital area to explore the cultural exchange, cooperation, and communication needed to improve from both sides. In this theoretical study method, the data has been obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources consisted of books, official databases of China and Pakistan, MoU signed b/w both countries, etc., as the secondary sources consisted of research papers, newspapers, journals, online databases, etc. This paper has an analytical overview of the time value and general cultural and artistic exchanges between China and Pakistan. Further, the paper discussed the relationship between literature, art, and economics. In this paper, researchers have also examined the significant role of people-to-people contact for socio-cultural exchange and cooperation between China and Pakistan.


2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-468
Author(s):  
Barbara Turoff

D’Annunzio’s cult of Beauty—his attention to, and interest in, all things beautiful—is well known and has been widely discussed. Yet, the nature of the spirituality which infuses this aestheticism has not been adequately explored due to (mis)interpretations or even an outright rejection of D’Annunzio’s religiosity. In discussing the relationship between Hinduism and D’Annunzio, this article reveals the relevance of Hinduism’s aesthetics to D’Annunzio’s, primarily in the shared concept of the artist’s ability—through his or her heightened senses—to perceive the union of the self with the universal soul, or to experience what D’Annunzio calls “una sensualità rapita fuor de’ sensi”. While placing D’Annunzio in the cultural environment of Orientalism, and noting that he accessed Hindu ideas not only through secondary sources such as Schopenhauer, Romain Rolland, and Angelo Conti, but also through his reading of Orientalist scholars and primary sources (translated into French or Italian), this article demonstrates that in Hindu thought, D’Annunzio found support for, and confirmation of, his own mystic aestheticism.


2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyofyllis Zervoulis ◽  
Evanthia Lyons ◽  
Sokratis Dinos

Aims and methodThe relationship between homophobia (varying from actual and perceived to internalised) and measures of well-being is well documented. A study in Athens, Greece and London, UK attempted to examine this relationship in two cities with potentially different levels of homophobia. One-hundred and eighty-eight men who have sex with men (MSM) living in London and 173 MSM living in Athens completed a survey investigating their views on their sexuality, perceptions of local homophobia and their identity evaluation in terms of global self-esteem.ResultsThe results confirmed a negative association between homophobia and self-esteem within each city sample. However, Athens MSM, despite perceiving significantly higher levels of local homophobia than London MSM, did not differ on most indicators of internalised homophobia and scored higher on global self-esteem than London MSM. The city context had a significant impact on the relationship.Clinical implicationsThe findings are discussed in relation to the implications they pose for mental health professionals dealing with MSM from communities experiencing variable societal stigmatisation and its effect on a positive sense of self.


2018 ◽  
Vol XVI (2) ◽  
pp. 332-332
Author(s):  
Marko Marina ◽  
Ivan Karlić

Historical Jesus Studies represent the attempts of historians and New Testament scholars to, using different methodologies, deduce certain facts about his life and acts. This present essay is primarily concerned with the standard methodology based on criteria of authenticity. By characterising this methodology in a clearer way, the article strives to critically analyse it, and show its disadvantages. The conclusion of the article is that the criteria of authenticity cannot be only basis of studying Historical Jesus, and that such criteria could be replaced by a more sophisticated approach. Basic problem with such criteria lies in the fact of their incompatibility with respect to the way history is remembered. Such a methodological approach assumes that history, if done properly, will be able to tell us how it really was. Also, trying to find exact words of Jesus does not take into account that people tend to remember gist of the event, not exact details. Numerous psychological studies have shown that. Also, very own act of remembering past events always includes present context. We are inclined to fill the gaps of our memory with things that are of great importance to us from the perspective of present events. Furthermore, present essay deals with specific criteria (e.g. Criterion of embarrassment, Criterion of dissimilarity etc.) and problems they have when one tries to use them as a means of getting to the real »historical« Jesus. The Criterion of dissimilarity, for example, ends up in a picture of historical Jesus whose foremost characteristics are his dissimilarity to Judaism. Getting there means that one has to have a presupposition that embeds anti-Judaism in methodology, a presupposition that is obviously wrong. Jesus was a 1st century Jewish teacher and that context is crucial if one wants to understand historical Jesus. The second part of the article presents a different approach to studying Historical Jesus based primarily on a more adequate understanding of the relationship between the past and the present. Also, this approach takes the studies of social memory and perception into consideration and use those studies when dealing with primary sources for Historical Jesus.


Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-151
Author(s):  
Chong Xu

AbstractThis article, based on western primary sources, seeks to investigate the relationship between western imperialism in China and the making of modern Chinese statecraft in urban form, focusing on the French perspective and on historical institutionalism. Both internal rebellions and western empires shaped modern Chinese cities. The Chinese response to western intervention is a more complicated story. Pace Paul Cohen, we do need to know about foreign activities in modern China – not as ‘impact-response’ and ‘tradition-modernity’ paradigms – but rather as part of local history, both in terms of local administration and urban landscape. Euro-American expansion and exploitation are not part of a unitary or totalizing enterprise, and warfare and Franco-British conflicts facilitated the making of modern municipal administration in the French Concession of Shanghai; on the other hand, Chinese forces indirectly shaped the structure of the institutions of imperialism, as well as pointing to divergent national approaches to imperialism.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Nash

Through its focus on the City of London as a particular work sector and setting, this paper emphasizes the symbolic and material significance of place to understanding the lived experiences of power relations within organizational life. The socio-cultural and material aspects of the City are explored through an analysis of the rhythms of place, as well through interview data. Using a methodological approach based on Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis in order to develop an embodied, immersive sense of how the City is experienced as a workplace, the paper makes a methodological, empirical and theoretical contribution to an understanding of the way in which rhythms shape how place is performed. Using rhythmanalysis as a method, the paper shows the relationship between rhythms and the performances of place, foregrounding a subjective, embodied and experiential way of researching the places and spaces of organizing.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Angelo Nicolaides

Independence of the continent in general from the grip of colonialism, except for Spanish Sahara which is not yet independent. These wars set the course for external military interventions, which, by and large, escalated the conflict in many cases and prevented a speedy conclusion to hostilities in the countries in question. This article investigates the relationship between domestic and external forces in Chad and suggests why military intervention occurred. African governments’ failure to unify the nations and their dependence on external aid to keep themselves in power led to repeated foreign involvement, particularly where the foreign powers were posturing so as to emphasise their strength in the global arena. Data was drawn from primary sources encompassing, inter alia, writings and speeches of political leaders, and numerous secondary sources on African affairs.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 565-591
Author(s):  
Joanna Rękas

Memory of the borders: The demarcation productivity of Vodici in the Mijaci - inhabited Macedonian villages of Bituše and EhloecThe main aim of this article is to present ways of expressing the inner (religious) and exter­nal (ethnic) social boundaries of Mijaks, as they appear during the celebration of the festival of Epiphany (Revelation of Lord / Baptism of Christ in the Jordan / Vodici) in the villages of Bituše and Ehloec (Western Macedonia). The realization of this goal is based on the notion of the demarcation productivity of Vodici, developed based on Nikita Ilyich Tolstoy’s theory of ritual codes, with its semiotic foundations of Yuri Lotman’s signifying elements; insights concerning the relationship between rituals and social boundaries made by Anthony Cohen and Macin Lubaś; Clifford Geertz’s observations on the ritual ignorance of newly-created urban social patterns; the notions of collective memory of religious groups of Maurice Halbwachs; Paul Connerton’s commemorative ceremonies and the concept of media of memory, developed by Jan Assmann, Astrid Erll and others. The sources of analysis are the results of my fieldwork, i.e. participant observation and in-depth interviews (primary sources, 2012–2014), carried out in the mentioned villages, as well as secondary sources: printed materials, manuscripts, as well as audio and video recordings. Pamięć o granicach. Demarkacyjna produktywność Wodzic w mijackich wsiach Bituše i EhloecPodstawowym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobów ekspresji wewnętrznych (różnowierczych) i zewnętrznych (etnicznych) granic społecznych Mijaków, ujawniających się podczas obchodów święta Epifanii (Objawienie Pańskie/Chrzest Chrystusa w Jordanie/ Wodzice) we wsiach Bituše i Ehloec (zachodnia Macedonia). Realizację tego zamierzenia autorka opiera na demarkacyjnej produktywności Wodzic, wypracowanej w oparciu o teorie: kodów obrzędowych Nikity Ilicza Tołstoja z jej semiotycznymi fundamentami elementów znaczących Jurija Łotmana; zależności między obrzędami a granicami społecznymi Anthony Cohena i Marcina Lubasia; rytualnej ignorancji nowo powstałych miejskich wzorów społecz­nych Clifforda Geertza; pamięci zbiorowej grup religijnych Maurice Halbwachsa; ceremonii upamiętniających Paula Connertona oraz mediów pamięci Jana Assmanna, Astrid Erll i in. Źródłami analiz są wyniki własnych badań terenowych, tj. obserwacji uczestniczącej oraz wywiadu pogłębionego (źródła wytworzone, 2012–2014), przeprowadzonych we wspomnianych miejscowościach, a także materiały zastane, drukowane, rękopisy, zapisy audio i audio-video.


ILUMINURAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Marmanillo Pereira

Resumo: o presente artigo visa compreender a experiência da fotografia urbana na cidade de Imperatriz-MA, por meio da observação do trabalho e das narrativas de um fotógrafo de rua chamado Daniel Sena.  Analisando o itinerário e o “olhar” dele, buscaremos os diferentes ritmos, velocidades, e especificidades dessa metrópole localizada na Amazônia maranhense. Baseados em um aporte teórico-metodológico simmeliano, tentamos compreender a relação entre os processos de sociabilidade e a produção fotográfica, enfatizando as noções de forma, conteúdo e problematizando o viés para os desafios na pesquisa local. Seguindo essa orientação, produzimos uma etnografia com base nas histórias vividas, dando especial atenção para as conexões entre aspectos da biografia do fotografo e uma inserção em um bairro periférico chamado CAEMA.Palavras chave: Fotografia urbana. Etnografia. Sociabilidades IMPERATRIZ AND HIS URBAN PHOTOGRAPHERS:Walk, Velo[cities] and framing in the city Abstract: this article aims to understand the experience of urban photography in the city of Imperatriz-MA, through the observation of the work and narratives of a street photographer named Daniel Sena. Analyzing his itinerary and his “look”, we will look for the different rhythms, speeds, and specificities of this metropolis located in the Amazon of Maranhão. Based on a Simmelian theoretical-methodological approach, we seek to try the relationship between sociability processes and photographic production, emphasizing the notions of form, content and problematizing the bias towards the challenges in local research. Following this orientation, we produced an ethnography based on the lived stories, paying special attention to the connections between aspects of the photographer's biography and an insertion in a peripheral neighborhood called CAEMA.Keywords: Urban photography. Ethnography. Sociabilities


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