scholarly journals Between psychology and history

2018 ◽  
Vol XVI (2) ◽  
pp. 332-332
Author(s):  
Marko Marina ◽  
Ivan Karlić
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The Relationship

Historical Jesus Studies represent the attempts of historians and New Testament scholars to, using different methodologies, deduce certain facts about his life and acts. This present essay is primarily concerned with the standard methodology based on criteria of authenticity. By characterising this methodology in a clearer way, the article strives to critically analyse it, and show its disadvantages. The conclusion of the article is that the criteria of authenticity cannot be only basis of studying Historical Jesus, and that such criteria could be replaced by a more sophisticated approach. Basic problem with such criteria lies in the fact of their incompatibility with respect to the way history is remembered. Such a methodological approach assumes that history, if done properly, will be able to tell us how it really was. Also, trying to find exact words of Jesus does not take into account that people tend to remember gist of the event, not exact details. Numerous psychological studies have shown that. Also, very own act of remembering past events always includes present context. We are inclined to fill the gaps of our memory with things that are of great importance to us from the perspective of present events. Furthermore, present essay deals with specific criteria (e.g. Criterion of embarrassment, Criterion of dissimilarity etc.) and problems they have when one tries to use them as a means of getting to the real »historical« Jesus. The Criterion of dissimilarity, for example, ends up in a picture of historical Jesus whose foremost characteristics are his dissimilarity to Judaism. Getting there means that one has to have a presupposition that embeds anti-Judaism in methodology, a presupposition that is obviously wrong. Jesus was a 1st century Jewish teacher and that context is crucial if one wants to understand historical Jesus. The second part of the article presents a different approach to studying Historical Jesus based primarily on a more adequate understanding of the relationship between the past and the present. Also, this approach takes the studies of social memory and perception into consideration and use those studies when dealing with primary sources for Historical Jesus.

Conflictos por tomas de tierras y modos de intervención estatal: análisis de una experiencia del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Context ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.

scholarly journals Regional markets with agricultural workforce based on Labour offices' data

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
František Nohel ◽  
Daniela Spěšná ◽  
Pavel Pospěch
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Job Vacancy

The changes in Czech agriculture over the past twenty years have had their impact on the agricultural labour market, too. The regional differentiation of the chances of applicants on the labour market as well as the agricultural enterprises’ chances of hiring employees fitting their requirements, are, among others, influenced by the specific conditions of agricultural production. The aim of this paper pertains to two basic problem areas: first, the differentiation of respective regions based on the number of agricultural applicants and job vacancies, and second, the identification of disequilibrium on the agricultural labour market. The latter is based on a theoretical framework defined by approaches in economy dealing with labour market equilibrium. Due to the unavailability of economic data (including wages, economic performance, etc.) on the regional level, authors develop their own methodological approach, based on the number of applicants per job vacancy. A database of applicants and vacancies available from the Labour Offices is used as a source for the analysis and interpretation of data, enabling us to study the agricultural labour market not only sector-wise but also region-wise.

scholarly journals O Contexto Da Formação De Professores De Letras No Brasil: Políticas Publicas, Experiências E Metodologias

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cristiane Dall ◽  
Cortivo Lebler ◽  
Karen Andresa Santorum
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Reading To Learn ◽  
Education In Brazil

The present article has as its goals to discuss the current context of teachers in pre-service in Brazil, especially in the area of Modern Languages, and to present two possibilities that potentialize the articulation between theory and practice, namely, the Institutional Program of Teaching Initiation (PIBID) and the Reading to Learn Program. For such, it will start with a theoretical-analytical study on the past and present context of teacher education, especially regarding to public policies related to the theme. Also it will present results of two projects promoted by Pibid. In addition, it will bring a suggestion for a methodological approach aimed at training teachers with the Reading to learn Program. The research`s results point to a change in the scenario of teacher education in Brazil, both in relation to the profile of undergraduate courses and students, as well as in relation to the structuring of teaching degrees, defined by official documents.

scholarly journals Between Individual Memory and Social Memory. What Do People in Poland Remember About 1989?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aneta Ostaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Memory ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

30 years have passed since the events of 1989 that led to the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the paper the themes of social memory of political transformation in Poland in 1989 are discussed. The content of online statements collected from popular Polish news portals are analysed. When asking the question what events and experiences do Poles bring back when they think of 1989, I am interested in the relationship between the individual (biographical) memory and collective memory – the socially reconstructed knowledge of the past.

scholarly journals Školovanje u antici - Prema jasnijem razumijevanju obrazovanja i pismenosti u Palestini tijekom 1. stoljeća

2019 ◽  
Vol XVII (2) ◽  
pp. 307-307
Author(s):  
Marko Marina
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Network ◽  
Per Se

The question of Jesus’ literacy and education is one of the most interesting questions there is in the Historical Jesus studies. The purpose of the present essay was to show what position did education had in ancient world, especially in Palestine during the 1st century. Looking at the primary sources and secondary bibliography, article concludes that level of literacy was much lower in the ancient world then it is in the modern societies. Also contrary to some scholars, article’s thesis is that there wasn’t any universal network of schools operating in the Palestine during the life of Jesus. Consequently, most people didn’t go to school and they weren’t literate in the sense of being able to read or write comprehensive texts. Testimonies of Philo and Josephus present an ideal, formulated from the perspective of well-educated upper-class Jews, not the reality of average Jew living in 1st century Palestine. In particular, article argues that Josephus is probably presenting a best-case scenario to his Roman readership for what it’s like for other elite Jews like himself. There is no reason to think that the average Jew was able to read and write on a sophisticated level. Also, rabbinic sources come from 3rd or 4th century at best and one cannot use them to reconstruct the world of Palestine prior to 70 A.D. However, essay emphasizes the importance of the graduation of literacy in ancient world, since there is evidence that some people (manual laborers) were literate on a level necessary for them in their daily job (some form of rudimentary knowledge of letters). Article does not go into discussion about Jesus’ literacy per se. Rather it gives a clearer picture of the education and literacy rates in the ancient world so that some further research into Jesus’ literacy would be able to have better understanding of the broader picture.

Rosa Luxemburg’s Global Class Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

How did Rosa Luxemburg, in herThe Accumulation of Capitaland other writings, analyse the development of the working class and other subordinate classes under capitalism, and how did she view the relationship between these classes and those living in ‘natural economic societies’? Following primary sources closely, the present essay reconstructs and evaluates Luxemburg’s class analysis of global society. It is shown that Luxemburg pioneered a truly global concept of solidarity from below, including the most oppressed – women and colonised peoples.

scholarly journals RUA DO LAZER NO CENTRO DE GOIÂNIA: uma análise a partir do conceito de lugar

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202122
Author(s):  
Josiane Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Mendes de Morais ◽  
Marcos Pedro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

RUA DO LAZER IN THE CENTER OF GOIÂNIA: an analysis based on the concept of placeRUA DO LAZER EN EL CENTRO DE GOIÂNIA: un análisis basado en el concepto de lugarRESUMOA proposta deste artigo almeja esboçar uma análise da Rua do Lazer a partir do conceito de lugar por meio das narrativas dos sujeitos que ali expressam seu cotidiano, colocando a rua como lugar de significado e de diferentes dimensões enquanto movimento da vida, possível de ser apreendido pela memória. O caminho do passado dessa rua, por intermédio da história oral, torna-se um elemento primordial para entender seu sentido na vida dos sujeitos. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa foi realizada com comerciantes que atuam em sua maioria desde a década de 1960 e que ali persistiram apesar das diferentes reconfigurações ocorridas ao longo do tempo. Com aporte da história oral, a pesquisa buscou compreender o significado de lugar atribuído à Rua do Lazer por esses comerciantes e suas perspectivas em relação ao processo de revitalização, ocorrido no decorrer do ano de 2019, por meio de uma parceria público-privada. Como caminho metodológico, incluiu-se a abordagem qualitativa, pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com a utilização de entrevistas realizadas in loco. Dessa forma, os dados coletados apontam a relação estabelecida entre a Rua do Lazer e os sujeitos que nela vivem, bem como para as mudanças que a configuram atualmente.Palavras-chave: Lugar; Significado; Memórias; Rua do Lazer – GO.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article aims to outline an analysis of Rua do Lazer from the concept of place through the narratives of the subjects who express their daily life there, placing the street as a place of meaning and of different dimensions as a movement of life, possible to be apprehended by memory. The path of the past of this street, through oral history, becomes a primordial element to understand its meaning in the subjects' lives. In this perspective, the research was carried out with traders who have been operating mostly since the 1960s and who have persisted with the different reconfigurations that occurred over time. With the contribution of oral history, the research sought to understand the meaning of place attributed to Rua do Lazer by these sellers and their perspectives in relation to the revitalization process, which occurred during the year 2019, through a public-private partnership. As a methodological approach, a qualitative approach, bibliographic, documentary and field research was included, with the use of on-the-spot interviews. Thus, the data collected point us to the relationship that is established between Rua do Lazer and the subjects who live on it, as well as to the changes that currently configure it.Keywords: Place; Meaning; Memoirs; Rua do Lazer – GO.RESUMENEl propósito de este artículo tiene como objetivo esbozar un análisis de la Rua do Lazer desde el concepto de lugar a través de las narraciones de los sujetos que expresan su vida cotidiana allí, colocando la calle como un lugar de significado y de diferentes dimensiones como un movimiento de la vida, que puede ser aprehendido. a través de la memoria. El camino del pasado de esta calle, a través de la historia oral, se convierte en un elemento primordial para comprender su significado en la vida de los sujetos. En esta perspectiva, la investigación se llevó a cabo con comerciantes que han estado operando principalmente desde la década de 1960 y que allí han persistido pese a las diferentes reconfiguraciones que ocurrieron con el tiempo. Con el apoyo de la historia oral, la investigación buscó comprender el significado de lugar atribuido a la Rua do Lazer por estos comerciantes y sus perspectivas con respecto al proceso de revitalización, que se produjo durante el año 2019, a través de una asociación público-privada. Como enfoque metodológico, se incluyó un enfoque cualitativo, bibliográfico, documental y de investigación de campo, con el uso de entrevistas sobre el terreno. Por lo tanto, los datos recopilados nos señalan la relación establecida entre la Rua do Lazer y los sujetos que viven en ella, así como los cambios que actualmente la configuran.Palabras clave: Lugar; Significado; Recuerdos; Rua do Lazer – GO.

scholarly journals Agenciamiento de la memoria social en la escuela colombiana como mecanismo reparador

2017 ◽  
pp. 171-204
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lorena Torres Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo reflexionar sobre el papel de la escue­la en los ejercicios de reparación de afectaciones acaecidas en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia. Para dicha tarea, resulta importante reconocer que hace aproximadamente tres décadas las Ciencias Sociales asisten al crecimiento exponencial de trabajos que sitúan la memoria como elemento sustancial en la comprensión del pasado y su incidencia en los discursos sociales, polí­ticos, culturales y normativos del presente, frente a los cuales la escuela no es indiferente, pues se encuentra en un lugar privilegiado para la producción y reproducción de discursos relacionados con los ejercicios de memoria. En este sentido, se acude metodológicamente al orden cualitativo de revisión bibliográfica, enfatizada en la localización y recuperación de información para construir reflexiones desde la óptica de la pedagogía de la memoria, que, más que conclusiones, se conciben como abrebocas ante la mirada multidisciplinar con la que es necesario asumir los retos del reco­nocimiento de las diversas formas de reparar en la escuela.Palabras clave: memoria social, conflicto armado, escuela, reparación. ABSTRACTSocial memory agency in the Colombian school as a reparation mechanism The aim of this article is to reflect on the role of the school in the exercises for making amends that have occurred in the context of the armed conflict in Colombia. For this task, it is important to recognize that approximately three decades ago Social Sciences attended the exponential growth of works that place the memory as a substantial element in the understanding of the past and its incidence in the social, political, cultural and normative discourses of the present, in which the school is not indifferent, because it is on a privileged place for the production and reproduction of discourses related to memory exer­cises. In this sense, a methodological approach is done tothe qualitative order of bibliographic review, emphasized in the location and retrieval of information, to build reflections from the perspective of the pedagogy of memory, which, more than conclusions, are conceived as an appetizer before the multidisciplinary view that is necessary to assume the challenges of the recognition of the diverse forms to make amend for the school.Keywords: social memory, armed conflict, school, to make amend for.

scholarly journals Anthropocentrism and Taxidermy in Santiago Nazarian's Neve negra

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Varela
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

In the present essay, I argue that taxidermy is a fundamental element in Brazilian novelist Santiago Nazarian’s Neve negra (2017). To do so, I frame my argument by using studies on anthropocentrism and the relationship between the human and the non-human through taxidermy. The first part of the essay examines recent studies on taxidermy and primary sources from the nineteenth century that center on the art and science of skinning, preparing, and mounting dead specimens. The second part focuses on a close reading of Nazarian’s novel by studying the narrator’s patriarchal and masculine anxieties in conjunction with taxidermy and the non-human characters that appear in the novel.

scholarly journals Conflictos por tomas de tierras y modos de intervención estatal: análisis de una experiencia del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Context ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.

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