scholarly journals Promising Diagnostic Markers of Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
S. V. Volkov ◽  
S. L. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Background. The incidence of colon cancer over the past decade has been growing markedly in the Russian Federation, with about 50 % cases detected at stagesIII–IV of the disease, when a clear clinical picture of the disease appears. In this regard, the search for new methods for early diagnosis of RTK is undoubtedly relevant.Objective. To determine the standard composition of the aerobic parietal colon microbiota and the level of cytokines (chemokines and growth factors) in patients with cancer of the left half of the colon and to assess the possibility of using these data in the diagnosis of the tumor process.Materials and methods. Blood tests were performed on the day of the study using two test systems (BioLegend): multiplex kit for determining growth factors, chemokine multiplex kit. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined in colon biopsy specimens by the bacteriological method using the standard test systems StaphyTest, StreptoTest, and EnteroTest.Results. There is an increase in the number of Clostridiumspp. and a decrease in Bifidobacteriumspp., E. coli in the colon during the transformation of a healthy person’s mucosa into a malignant tumor (p < 0.05); a clear tendency was revealed for both an increase (EGF, HGF, M-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, IP-10) and a decrease (MCP-1, RANTES) of the level of chemokines and growth factors under colon cancer conditions. In addition to general quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiota, the level of the investigated substances, a statistically significant dependence was established on the sex, age of the patient, as well as the degree of differentiation and form of tumor growth.Conclusion. It was established that changes in the quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota, the level of some biologically active substances that occur precisely in the conditions of colon cancer, can be interconnected and interdependent, and also serve as an additional diagnostic marker in the detection of a malignant tumor. 

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COLON CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
S. V. Volkov ◽  
S. V. Lobanov ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Test System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Regional Metastases

 Objective: to determine the level of growth factors in the blood serum of patients with left-sided colon cancer and to assess the feasibility of using these findings in the tumor detection.Material and Methods. The study group included 63 patients aged 20 to 75 years who underwent surgery for left-sided colon adenocarcinoma (descending, sigmoid, rectosigmoid) with stage i (t1–2n0m0), ii (t3–4an0m0), and iii (t1–2n1m0). Only 5 patients developed metastases in one regional lymph node. The remaining patients had no regional metastases. In all patients, before hospitalization, the tumor was confirmed by colonoscopy followed by histological examination. The group of comparison consisted of 25 patients with chronic hemorrhoids without exacerbation, who underwent colonoscopy. In patients of the study group, blood tests were drawn on the day of surgery before its starting. In patients of the comparison group, blood was taken after excluding colon cancer (after colonoscopy). Blood tests were carried out using a test system (Biolegend): multiplex set for determining growth factors (angiopoietin-2, (ang-2), egf, epo, FGF-basic, G-csf, GM-csf, HGF, M-csf, pdgf-aa, pdgf-BB, scf, tgf-α, vegf).Results. In cancer patients, the levels of egf, HGF, M-csf, pdgf-aa, and pdgf-BB were several times higher than in the control group (p <0.05). The level of pdgf-aa was 10 times higher in cancer patients than in controls. In addition to quantitative changes, statistically significant differences were observed between the vegf level and sex of the patients; angio protein-2, G-csf, epo, M-csf, pdgf-aa, pdgf-BB, vegf levels and the age of the patients; tgf-α, HGF levels and the histological grade of the tumor.Conclusion. It was found that changes in the level of biologically active substances that occur in colon cancer can serve as additional diagnostic markers for cancer detection.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE COLON CANCER DIAGNOSTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
S.V. Volkov ◽  
◽  
S.L. Lobanov ◽  
B.S. Erdineyeva ◽  
A.A. Dutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli

Objective. To determine the composition of the the parietal microflora of the colon under the condition of a tumor process and to assess the possibility of using these data from this study in the diagnosis of the colon cancer. Methods. The main group included patients (n=75) operated on in the Trans-Baikal Regional Oncology Center for the colon cancer. Among them are 38 men and 37 women aged 20 to 75 years. Control group consisted of 25 patients. The material of the main group, biopsies of tumor tissue and visually unchanged colon mucosa was taken intraoperatively during tumor removal. In patients of the control group, the material was taken during the colonoscopy. process. The detection of Helicobacter pylori in the biopsy of the mucous membrane was carried out by determining the urease activity, as well as by the method of polymerase chain reaction. The composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by the bacteriological method. Results. As a result of comparison of the colon microbiota of the cancer patients and the control group, statistically significant differences in the quantitative composition of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Enterococcus spp., E. coli (typical), E. coli (lactose-negative), Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp. (CNS), Candida spp. were revealed. Moreover, a clear tendency of changes in the level of certain microorganisms (Bifidobacterium spp., E. coli (typical), Clostridium sp.) was detected when comparing the mucous membrane of a healthy person, unchanged mucous membrane of a patient with colorectal cancer, tumor tissue. A statistically significant dependence of the level of microorganisms on the sex of a patient, as well as the form of tumor growth, was revealed. Conclusion. Thus, a reliable correlation between the clinical and morphological characterization of the colon malignant tumor and the composition of the intestinal microbiota has been revealed. The microbiological features established within in the course of the study, which arise precisely under the conditions of colon cancer, can be used as an additional diagnostic marker in the diagnosis of a malignant process. What this paper adds It was found that thequantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota during the transformation into mucous and malignant tumor tissue in colon cancer and the correlation of specific microorganisms with the patient’s gender and the form of tumor growth. The state of the intestinal microbiota may represent a promising diagnostic marker for the detection of a malignant tumor.

PRP application in dermatology: review of current approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Active Substances

In recent years, the possibilities of a dermatologist in the treatment of patients with chronic dermatoses have significantly expanded due to the emergence of new highly effective methods, such as autologous blood plasma enriched with platelet-rich-growth factors (platelet-rich-plasma, PRP). The positive results of using this technology due to its constituent growth factors, cytokines and other biologically active substances, which have a pronounced normalizing effect on the processes of tissue repair and regeneration, expands the possibilities of its use in such skin diseases as erosive and ulcerative lichen planus, scleroatrophic lichen, acne and post-acne. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature on the mechanisms of PRP action in patients with dermatological diseases.

Effect of prolonged exposition to growth factors differently on proliferation of CRC cell cultures encapsulated in alginate.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15610-e15610
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yu. Filippova ◽  
Anastasia O. Sitkovskaya ◽  
Irina V. Mezhevova ◽  
Sofia V. Timofeeva ◽  
Tatiana V. Shamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
Ht 29 ◽  
Resistant Cells

e15610 Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are promising targets in modern oncology. A lot of CSCs enrichment and cultivation techniques are being currently developed. Most of the approaches deploy high doses of growth factors in culture media, - EGF and FGF2 above all, - without prior testing. Since prolonged exposition to growth factors may cause paradoxical growth inhibition it is worth developing test systems to evaluate culturing conditions before establishing the main experiment. Encapsulation in alginate may serve as a promising approach to develop such test-systems due to alginate reduced ability to adsorb proteins and maintain proper attachment to the ECM of non-stem cell even in the presence of serum. It is important to notice that serum addition may be crucial during initial stages of primary CSCs culture establishment. The aim of the study was to test EGF and FGF2 effects on anoikis resistant cells growth in permanent colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods: The cells of Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT 116 cultures were encapsulated in 1% alginate beads at a concentration of 100 000 cells/ml. Subsequently encapsulated cells were kept in 2 variants of culture media: DMEM/F12 + 10%FBS with and without addition of growth factors (EGF 20 ng/ml, FGF2 10 ng/ml). The cultivation was carried out for 10 days, after that the colonies area (A) was measured. Data are given as: Mean ± 95% confidence interval. Results: The average area of Caco-2 culture colonies increased significantly with the addition of growth factors (FBS only A = 1755.16±195.87 μm2, with additional growth factors Af = 3270.57±274.91 μm2), the difference was significant (t = 8.83, n = 300, p < 0,05). The area of HCT116 colonies after growth factors addition increased only slightly (A = 2844.89±461.57 μm2, Af = 3530.31±503.85 μm2), the difference nevertheless did not reach significant values (t = 1.94, n = 300, p > 0.05). At the same time, the area of HT-29 colonies significantly decreased in the culture medium containing additional growth factors (A = 4605.10±324.02 μm2, Af = 3167.85±249.07 μm2), the difference was significant (t = 6.92, n = 300, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Combining alginate encapsulation and colonies size measurement enabled us to evaluate culturing conditions of anoikis resistant cells in permanent CRC cultures and proved growth factors addition to be an ambiguous practice in CSCs research. This tactics can be applied in a broad spectrum of tasks concerning more effective CSCs medium formulations development.

scholarly journals Multifunctional roles of growth factors or biologically active peptides in salivary glands and saliva

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Mori ◽  
Shinichiro Sumitomo ◽  
Prashanta Shrestha ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Yoshiaki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Peptides ◽  
Biologically Active Peptides

scholarly journals The Role of TGF-β in Bone Metastases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Trupti Trivedi ◽  
Gabriel M. Pagnotti ◽  
Theresa A. Guise ◽  
Khalid S. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Complications associated with advanced cancer are a major clinical challenge and, if associated with bone metastases, worsen the prognosis and compromise the survival of the patients. Breast and prostate cancer cells exhibit a high propensity to metastasize to bone. The bone microenvironment is unique, providing fertile soil for cancer cell propagation, while mineralized bone matrices store potent growth factors and cytokines. Biologically active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), one of the most abundant growth factors, is released following tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β promotes tumor cell secretion of factors that accelerate bone loss and fuel tumor cells to colonize. Thus, TGF-β is critical for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of tumor growth in bone. Further, TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing cell invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastatic progression. Emerging evidence shows TGF-β suppresses immune responses, enabling opportunistic cancer cells to escape immune checkpoints and promote bone metastases. Blocking TGF-β signaling pathways could disrupt the vicious cycle, revert EMT, and enhance immune response. However, TGF-β’s dual role as both tumor suppressor and enhancer presents a significant challenge in developing therapeutics that target TGF-β signaling. This review presents TGF-β’s role in cancer progression and bone metastases, while highlighting current perspectives on the therapeutic potential of targeting TGF-β pathways.

scholarly journals Description of biologically active protein hydrolysates of whey and colostrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Т. M. Halavach ◽  
E. I. Tarun ◽  
N. V. Dudchik ◽  
R. V. Romanovich ◽  
I. A. Bubra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Whey Hydrolysate ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Sds Electrophoresis

Antioxidant, antimutagenic and antigenic properties of partial hydrolysates of whey and colostrum obtained using bacterial endopeptidase (alcalase) have been investigated. It was found that the depth of proteolysis, qualitative and quantitative composition of protein component of samples determined the level of their antiradical and antimutagenic activity. According to SDS-electrophoresis whey hydrolysate contains cleaved allergen proteins, whereas colostrum hydrolysate possesses a high molecular weight fraction (>10 kDa) of partially digested immunoglobulins. Proteolysis of β-lactoglobulin, which has a high allergenic potential, is confirmed by results of immunoprecipitation reaction. In accordance with the ORAC method antioxidant action of hydrolysed whey and colostrum increased by 2.8 and 5.0 times, respectively. Antimutagenic effect for whey hydrolysate was 15.7–49.2 % when tested on the strain Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and 18.8–52.1 % for strain TA 100. It exceeded values of colostrum hydrolysate. Samples of whey and colostrum hypoallergenic hydrolysates with confirmed antioxidant and antimutagenic properties have been obtained.

scholarly journals A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-based Approach to Profile Biologically Active Plant Metabolites Using Black Raspberry Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation as a Model System

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000B-1000
Author(s):  
Faith J. Wyzgoski ◽  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens ◽  
Peter L. Rinaldi ◽  
Bert L. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

We have developed a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based approach to metabolomics research that enables the identification of bioactive compounds in crude plant extracts. For this work, we used black raspberries, which are known to contain compounds that exhibit chemopreventive activity toward oral, esophageal, and colon cancers. To ascertain bioactive components and their interrelationships, NMR results for black raspberry samples from four cultivars grown on commercial farms in Ohio were examined using principal component analysis. Multivariate analysis that included anthocyanin content (HPLC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteau assay), and bioactivity as measured by inhibition of colon cancer HT-29 cell line proliferation showed correlations with specific regions of NMR spectra at 400 MHz. Correlations were also observed for major and minor groupings of the black raspberry samples. Replicate black raspberry samples were examined with a 750 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a cryoprobe that provided a 4- to 5-fold improvement in sensitivity. In this manner, even minor bioactive components in black raspberries could be examined to determine additive and synergistic effects.

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