scholarly journals Application of DHS Reactor to Sewage Treatment in a Developing Country: Performance during Start-Up Period and under High Organic Load Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki NOMOTO ◽  
Vinay Kumar TYAGI ◽  
Muntjeer ALI ◽  
Komal JAYASWAL ◽  
Namita MAHARJAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Start Up

Control of an anaerobic reactor towards maximum biogas production

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
G. Olsson ◽  
B. Mattiasson
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Good Control ◽  
High Load ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Supervisory System ◽  
Start Up ◽  
High Load Condition

A new control strategy is introduced for operating anaerobic digestion processes efficiently at high load. The control system includes a cascade controller embedded into a rule-based supervisory system based on extremum-seeking control. The control system measures pH and biogas production rate and varies the organic load by manipulating the influent flow. Good control performances were achieved during the start-up and steady-state running operations and during rejection of disturbances. The control system can run the process under a high load condition and efficiently reject disturbances without explicit measurement of the influent characteristics.

Start-Up of the Anaerobic Fluidized Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Sun ◽  
Jing Yang Liu ◽  
Qi Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Sludge

Inoculated with anaerobic digester sludge of municipal sewage treatment plant, using the method of organic load increasing, anaerobic fluidized beds was started-up after 82 days. At organic loading rate of 5kgCOD/m3·d, the COD removal rate was 81%. The structure of this biofilm is good and propitious to further domestication.

scholarly journals The Start-Up of Continuous Biohydrogen Production from Cheese Whey: Comparison of Inoculum Pretreatment Methods and Reactors with Moving and Fixed Polyurethane Carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Elza R. Mikheeva ◽  
Inna V. Katraeva ◽  
Andrey A. Kovalev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Kovalev ◽  
Alla N. Nozhevnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Load Rate

This article presents the results of the start-up of continuous production of biohydrogen from cheese whey (CW) in an anaerobic filter (AF) and anaerobic fluidized bed (AFB) with a polyurethane carrier. Heat and acid pretreatments were used for the inactivation of hydrogen-scavengers in the inoculum (mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludge). Acid pretreatment was effective for thermophilic anaerobic sludge to suppress methanogenic activity, and heat treatment was effective for mesophilic anaerobic sludge. Maximum specific yields of hydrogen, namely 178 mL/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 149 mL/g COD for AFB and AF, respectively, were obtained at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.5 days and organic load rate (OLR) of 6.61 kg COD/(m3 day). At the same time, the maximum hydrogen production rates of 1.28 and 1.9 NL/(L day) for AF and AFB, respectively, were obtained at the HRT of 2.02 days and OLR of 14.88 kg COD/(m3 day). At the phylum level, the dominant taxa were Firmicutes (65% in AF and 60% in AFB), and at the genus level, Lactobacillus (40% in AF and 43% in AFB) and Bifidobacterium (24% in AF and 30% in AFB).

In-vessel co-composting – a rapid resource recovery option for septage treatment in Indian cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rachel Thomas ◽  
Martin Kranert ◽  
Ligy Philip
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Indian Cities

Abstract Septage management is a challenging task across India as more than 44% of the population depends on septic tanks for human waste management. Septage collected from Chennai city, India, was found to be rich in nutrients even though the total solids content (<2%) and C/N are low. The current practice of septage disposal in Chennai city is co-treatment in existing sewage treatment plants. The main drawback of this method is that treatment efficiency could deteriorate if the organic load increased much beyond the design load of the treatment plant and would result in poor treated-water quality. In this context, the present study focused on the potential of in-vessel co-composting as a sustainable treatment option. In order to enhance the co-composting process, suitable co-substrates were identified for making the process efficient and cost-effective. The area under the temperature profile during composting was used as an assessment tool for the identification of the proper mix. Addition of mixed organic waste and coir pith waste (bulking agent) to the dewatered septage gave the highest area among the different combinations. Different waste combinations were investigated in order to assess the suitability for field scale application.

Start-up of an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of winery wastewater

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López–Palau ◽  
J. Dosta ◽  
J. Mata-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in order to remove the organic matter present in winery wastewater. The formation of granules was performed using a synthetic substrate. The selection parameter was the settling time, as well as the alternation of feast-famine periods, the air velocity and the height/diameter ratio of the reactor. After 10 days of operation under these conditions, the first aggregates could be observed. Filamentous bacteria were still present in the reactor but they disappeared progressively. During the start-up, COD loading was increased from 2.7 to 22.5 kg COD/(m3 day) in order to obtain a feast period between 30 and 60 minutes. At this point, granules were quite round, with a particle diameter between 3.0 and 4.0 mm and an average density of 6 g L−1. After 120 days of operation, synthetic media was replaced by real winery wastewater, with a COD loading of 6 kg COD/(m3 day). The decrease of the organic load implied a reduction of the aggregate diameter and a density increase up to 13.2 g L−1. The effluent was free of organic matter and the solids concentration in the reactor reached 6 g VSS L−1.

START-UP STRATEGY FOR SBR TREATMENT OF COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
M. Muñiz ◽  
A. G. Lavin ◽  
M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Good Test ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Complex Organic

In SBR processes, the start-up operation is of considerable interest, not only because of the effect of the efficiency on normal operation, but also because of the cost of the transport of sludge seed and the related feeding time with artificial substrate. The selection of the strategy bas not been studied previously as far as we know, although it is a problem of considerable economic importance. This is not only a problem of the relation between seed magnitude and the start-up timing, but also the effect on the process efficiency. The start-up in SBRs is more frequent than in conventional activated sludge when considering SBRs are mainly used for industrial wastewater treatment, where there are more stops and changes of organic load. A start-up strategy for SBR biological treatment of industrial wastewater with several complex organic components, based on two steps (Filling and Conditioning Periods), bas been proposed and put into operation in a pilot plant column. The strategy looks for minimum time to achieve high steady state efficiency, and low cost of implementation, and sludge seeding. It makes a provision for feed on the basis of inhibition potential and organic needs, and introduces instructions during the operation, depending on the results being obtained. The results of this strategy using a complex organic high salinity water are presented. The presence in this case of two types of solvents and very high salts concentration has been a good test problem for the proposed strategy because of the necessity of multiple adaptation of sludge and the considerably difficult problem to be solved.

Application of piggery waste to nightsoil plant towards sustainable development

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eum ◽  
S.-W. Oa ◽  
E. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Carbon Addition ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

Organic loads have been significantly reduced in nightsoil plants along with the employment of sewage treatment plants. Nightsoil consisting of 10% septage and showing higher ratios of alkalinity and carbon to nitrogen helped nitrification and denitrification for those combined plants with weak piggery waste. However, alkalinity and carbon addition was necessary with the weak nightsoil consisting of 80% septage when the combined influent was less than 21 g/L COD. The piggery waste could be applied at a rate of 0.5 kgTKN/oxic m3/d, but the organic load should be limited to 0.7 kgCOD/m3/d with strong piggery waste during summer in order not to exceed the reactor temperature higher than 35°C.

Analysis on the Start-up of Campus Sewage Treatment with 3-Stage Biological Aerated Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1376-1379
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Fang Xing Liu ◽  
Xiao Lin Jiang ◽  
Hong Jiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Formation Method ◽  
Aerated Filter

In this study, the alternating 3-stage biological aerated filter system with the brush as the filler was proposed for campus sewage treatment and the biofilm formation process was researched. Adopting the four-stage inoculated biofilm formation method, the treatment effects of the 3 filter columns respectively lasted 23d, 20d, 23d to reach stable. After the attached biofilm grew steadily, the effluent COD concentration was between 45 mg/L and 95 mg/L, and the removal efficiency was 77%~85%. The effluent NH4+-N concentration of 1st and 3rd filter columns was 11~25 mg/L, and the removal efficiency was 47%~67%; while the effluent NH4+-N concentration of 2nd filter column was 8 ~19 mg/L, the removal efficiency was 64%~ 78%.

Sewage Treatment with a Hybrid Constructed Soil Filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Llorens ◽  
Ana B. Pérez-Marín ◽  
José Sáez ◽  
María I. Aguilar ◽  
Juan F. Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Ecological Process ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Hydraulic Load

Abstract The overall aim of this research was to apply a hybrid constructed soil filter for sewage treatment. A hybrid constructed soil filter is an ecological process used for decentralized sewage treatment in villages, small towns or scattered residential areas. Sewage is firstly treated by conventional physicochemical or biological treatment and then allowed to infiltrate through aerated unsaturated zone wherein it gets purified through processes such as filtration, adsorption, chemical reaction and biodegradation. This system has demonstrated a consistent capacity to remove organic matter and nitrogen. Experimental results have shown that under hydraulic load rates of 0.22 m3/m2 · h and organic load rates ranging from 47 to 156 g COD/m2 · h, mean removal efficiencies of 89% for COD, 99% for BOD5, 86% for suspended solids and 52% for total nitrogen can be achieved using an hybrid constructed soil filter. Compared to the conventional activated sludge process, this technology has many advantages, such as simple construction, low operation and maintenance costs, as well as a simple operation.

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