scholarly journals 3.3 Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in healthy individuals and the relation with cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Holder ◽  
Rosa Maria Bruno ◽  
Daria Shkredova ◽  
Andrew Thompson ◽  
Ellen Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Reference Intervals for Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation and the Relation With Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie M. Holder ◽  
Rosa Maria Bruno ◽  
Daria A. Shkredova ◽  
Ellen A. Dawson ◽  
Helen Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Age And Sex

Endothelial function, assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), predicts future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study established age- and sex-specific reference intervals for brachial artery FMD in healthy individuals and examined the relation with CVD risk factors. In a retrospective study design, we pooled brachial artery FMD (acquired according to expert-consensus guidelines for FMD protocol and analysis) and participant characteristics/medical history from 5362 individuals (4–84 years; 2076 females). Healthy individuals (n=1403 [582 females]) were used to generate age-/sex-specific percentile curves. Subsequently, we included individuals with CVD risk factors, without overt disease (unmedicated n=3167 [1247 females] and medicated n=792 [247 females]). Multiple linear regression tested the relation of CVD risk factors (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking) with FMD. Healthy males showed a negative, curvilinear relation between FMD and age, while females revealed a negative linear relation that started higher but declined at a faster rate than males. Age- and sex-specific differences in FMD relate, at least partly, to baseline artery diameter. FMD was related to CVD risk factors in unmedicated (eg, systolic/diastolic blood pressure) and medicated individuals (eg, diabetes/dyslipidemia). Sex mediated some of these effects ( P <0.05), with normalization of FMD in medicated men, but not women with dyslipidemia. In conclusion, sex alters the age-related decline in FMD, which may partly be explained through differences in baseline diameter. Sex also alters the influence of some CVD risk factors and medication on FMD. This work improves interpretation and future use of the FMD technique.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic position and cystatin C in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Zamrik ◽  
Mirjam Frank ◽  
Carina Emmel ◽  
Lars Christian Rump ◽  
Raimund Erbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Income Quartile ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractSocial inequalities in health and disease are well studied. Less information is available on inequalities in biomarker levels indicating subclinical stages of disease such as cystatin C, an early diagnostic marker of renal dysfunction and predictor for cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the relationship between cystatin C, socioeconomic position (SEP) and established cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based study. In 4475 men and women aged 45–75 years participating in the baseline examination of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study cystatin C was measured from serum samples with a nephelometric assay. SEP was assessed by education and household income. Linear regression models were used to analyse the association between SEP and cystatin C as well as the impact of cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, diabetes mellitus, blood lipids, C-reactive protein, smoking) on this association. After adjustment for age and sex cystatin C decreased by 0.019 mg/l (95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.030 to − 0.008) per five years of education. While using a categorical education variable cystatin C presented 0.039 mg/l (95% CI 0.017–0.061) higher in men and women in the lowest educational category (≤ 10 years of education) compared to the highest category (≥ 18 years). Concerning income, cystatin C decreased by 0.014 mg/l (95% CI − 0.021 to − 0.006) per 1000 € after adjustment for age and sex. For men and women in the lowest income quartile cystatin C was 0.024 mg/l (95% CI 0.009–0.038) higher compared to the highest income quartile. After adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors the observed associations were substantially diminished. Social inequalities seem to play a role in subclinical stages of renal dysfunction, which are also related to development of cardiovascular disease. Adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors showed that these risk factors largely explain the association between SEP and cystatin C.

Metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk factors and health-related quality of life in children, adolescents and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopa Vijayan ◽  
Nisha Bhavani ◽  
Praveen V. Pavithran ◽  
Vasantha Nair ◽  
Usha V. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background The present study was designed to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and compare it with age- and sex-matched controls. Methods Fifty-two patients aged 3–21 years with classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were included in the study. Metabolic profiling was done for 36 cases and compared with 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Quality of life was assessed in all 52 children and their parents using a validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire and was compared with normative data from the same population. Results The median age was 12 years with 14 (27%) males and 38 (73%) females. Out of the total 52 patients, 35 (67%) had salt wasting and 17 (33%) had simple virilising CAH. The median height standard deviation score (SDS) of cases was similar to that of controls (−0.72 vs. −0.64, p = 0.57) and 81% of females had normal pubertal status indicating a good control of the disease. Weight SDS, body mass index (BMI) SDS, mean diastolic blood pressure and insulin resistance were significantly higher in cases when compared to controls (0.31 vs. −0.3; 0.96 vs. 0.17; 67.8 ± 10.49 vs. 61 ± 8.49 and 2.1 vs. 0.95, respectively). The quality of life was significantly reduced in all domains as per parents’ perspective, whereas the children reported reduced quality of social and school functioning. There was no significant correlation between quality of life and metabolic parameters. Conclusions Children with CAH despite a reasonably good control of the disease have a higher cardiovascular risk and reduced quality of life when compared to healthy controls.

scholarly journals Predictors of Change in Plasma Total Cysteine: Longitudinal Findings from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina El-Khairy ◽  
Stein E Vollset ◽  
Helga Refsum ◽  
Per M Ueland
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Abstract Background: Total cysteine (tCys) in plasma has recently been linked to cardiovascular risk and is also associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol. Changes and predictors of change in tCys concentrations over a mean follow-up time of 6.0 (5.2–7.2) years were assessed in this study. Methods: Baseline data from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study recorded in 1992–1993 included tCys, total homocysteine (tHcy), and various lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. In 1998–1999, the same measurements were repeated in 3732 individuals born in 1950–1951 and 3339 individuals born in 1925–1927. Most of the statistical analyses were done separately in the four age and sex groups. Results: The overall mean values of tCys were higher at follow-up [mean (SD), 296 (41) μmol/L] than at baseline [278 (36.5) μmol/L]; P &lt;0.0001. The mean percentage of increase in tCys in the different age and sex groups ranged from 4.9% to 8.5%. There was a significant correlation between the tCys values measured on the two occasions (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.55–0.59 in the different age and sex groups; P &lt;0.0001). The change in tCys correlated with changes in BMI, cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure in the younger age group, whereas only changes in BMI predicted changes in tCys in the older age group. Conclusions: tCys increased in the 6 years between the two measurements. Factors related to the baseline tCys values, including BMI and the change in BMI, predicted the tCys changes over time.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Specific Reference Intervals for Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases for Gujarati Asian Indians

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibasis Sahoo ◽  
Komal H. Shah ◽  
Ashwati R. Konat ◽  
Kamal H. Sharma ◽  
Payal Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objective. We aimed to establish age and sex specific percentile reference data for cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI in apparently healthy and disease-free Gujarati population.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 3265 apparently healthy and disease-free individuals of both genders residing in Gujarat state. Fasting samples of blood were used for biochemical estimations of lipids and sugar. The measurement of BMI and blood pressure was also done according to the standard guidelines. Age and gender specific 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were obtained.Results. The mean values of lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI were significantly (p<0.001) higher in males as compared to female population. Age-wise distribution trends showed increase in the risk factors from the 2nd decade until the 5th to 6th decade in most of the cases, where loss of premenopausal protection in females was also observed. Specific trends according to gender and age were observed in percentile values of various parameters.Conclusion.The outcome of current study will contribute significantly to proposing clinically important reference values of various lipids, sugar, blood pressure, and BMI that could be used to screen the asymptomatic Gujarati Indian population with a propensity of developing dyslipidemia, diabetes, blood pressure, and obesity.

scholarly journals The Brachial Artery Remodels to Maintain Local Shear Stress Despite the Presence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Chung ◽  
Naomi M. Hamburg ◽  
Monika Holbrook ◽  
Sherene M. Shenouda ◽  
Mustali M. Dohadwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Local Shear ◽  
Local Shear Stress
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