scholarly journals Sustainable Reserve Food Garden (SRFG): Development of a Booklet for the Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delvi Adri ◽  
Mimien Henie Irawati ◽  
Sueb Sueb
Keyword(s):  
Reserve Food

The Golgi Material and Mitochondria in the Salivary Glands of the Larva of Drosophila Melanogaster

1948 ◽  
Vol s3-89 (8) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
W. SIANG HSU
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Storage Granules ◽  
Reserve Food

1. The salivary glands in the larvae of Drosophila show evidence of serving two functions: (1) production of digestive secretion, (2) accumulation of reserve food for the period of pupation. The two functions proceed simultaneously within the same cell during certain stages of its development. 2. A single droplet of digestive material has been seen to originate and grow within each Golgi body in the gland-cells. When a certain size is reached the droplet is released into the cytoplasm and by the fusion of two or more of them bigger vacuoles are formed. The secretory material is discharged into the lumen by means of a merocrine mechanism. Neither mitochondria nor nucleus has been observed to take any visible part in the elaboration of secretion droplets. 3. The storage granules found in older and larger cells have been observed to be direct transformations of chondriomites, and neither the Golgi material nor the nucleus shows any sign of participation in the formation of these granules. 4. From the standpoint of morphology and behaviour, the Golgi bodies found in the salivary gland cells are the same as found in the cells of the glandular portion of the proventriculus and the epithelium of the anterior portion of the midgut of the larva. 5. My observations do not lend themselves convincingly to a two-component conception of the structure of Golgi bodies.

Ancient canids of the Aleutian Islands (new archaeological discoveries from the Islands of Four Mountains)

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (03) ◽  
pp. 1028-1044
Author(s):  
Dmitry D. Vasyukov ◽  
Olga A. Krylovich ◽  
Dixie L. West ◽  
Virginia Hatfield ◽  
Arkady B. Savinetsky
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Cultural Roles ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Reserve Food

AbstractWe discuss the cultural roles of dog and red fox recovered from Carlisle Island, Islands of Four Mountains, Alaska, within the context of Aleutian ethnographic and zooarchaeological records. Three dog bones were recovered from the Ulyagan archaeological site, Unit 5, in levels that date to AD 1450–1645. Three red fox bones come from the Ulyagan site, Unit 4, in levels that date 460 BC–AD 95. Our analyses show that both red fox and domestic dog date earlier than the contact with Russians and that these canids do not extend west of the Islands of Four Mountains archipelago. Given the rich history of human intervention on the Aleutians ecosystems over the last 250 years, we argue that indigenous red fox inhabited the Islands of the Four Mountains region prior to western contact; however, foxes did not have a pronounced cultural role for prehistoric Aleuts. Domestic dogs accompanied humans in the Aleutians after AD 950, suggesting that these canids might be linked with the Neo-Aleut culture. In the light of Arctic and oceanic cases of human use of dogs considered in the paper, we suggest that dogs might have served as reserve food sources during long trips for people migrating west.

The Life History and Post Embryonic Development of the Copepods, Calanus tonsus Brady and Euchaeta japonica Marukawa

1934 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
One Year ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Reserve Food

Calanus tonsus Brady is an abundant, deep water species in the strait of Georgia. Development is characterized by a distinct metamorphosis and the six nauplius and six copepodid stages are described. The life cycle extends over one year and breeding occurs in the spring at the surface. The nauplii and early copepodid stages are soon replaced by stage V which dominates the plankton from May to December. C. tonsus exists as an adult for approximately two months—January and February. Maturity is accompanied by marked degeneration of the mouth parts in both sexes, death following shortly. The retrograde development appears associated with a change in habits. Stage V stores up reserve food, and the mature females with the disappearance of feeding devices depend upon this accumulated food during the reproductive period. Euchaeta japonica Marukawa occurs in limited numbers in the deep water of the strait of Georgia. It undergoes a similar metamorphosis to C. tonsus and the twelve stages are described. There is no definite spawning period but reproduction occurs throughout the year in deep water where development proceeds. Several broods may be produced by one female but the males are believed to die shortly after copulation. The nauplii differ from those of C. tonsus due to larger size, slight increase in length from stage I to stage VI and retarded development of the appendages. The conspicuous feature of the copepodid development is the extreme degeneration of the male mouth parts.

Reserve Food of Trees

1906 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Keyword(s):  
Reserve Food

Effect of gibberellic acid on reserve food mobilization of maize (Zea mays L. var Arun-2) endosperm during germination

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra K Subedi ◽  
Tribikram Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Growth Axis ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Reserve Food

In the first 24 hrs of germination, the dry matter of the growth axis decreased in the control while in 1 mg/l GA3 solution it increased and in 10 mg/l and 100 mg/l the amount remained the same. Exogenous GA3 overcomes the dry matter loss in the growth axis during the initial stage and results in an increase in the amount of dry matter. GA3 application probably mobilized more soluble sugar to the growth axis, which results in an increase in the amount of soluble sugar in the growth axis as compared to caryopsis grown under control. 1 mg/l GA3 enhanced the amount of soluble sugar and decreased the ether extract. In protein mobilization, 1mg/l and 10mg/l GA3 solution appeared as effective as other treatments during the period from 48 to 96 hrs after sowing. The germination of seeds correlated directly with the mobilization of endosperm reserve. The seeds treated with 1 mg/l GA3 solution showed higher mobilization of endosperm reserve, which ultimately showed the higher germination percentage. Key words: GA3 mobilization, Zea mays, reserve food, protein, soluble sugar, ether extract Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 99-102, 2003

Tingkat Kesetaraan Gender dalam Rumah Tangga Peserta Program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Audia Rahma ◽  
Siti Amanah
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Reserve Food

Sustainable Reserve Food Garden (SRFG) is a program initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture to increase households food security. The program involves the households that consist of men and women in the activities of SRFGP. To see whether the program has addressed gender equality,  the research aims to analyze how the beneficiary households characteristics of SRFG, how men, women in the beneficiary households divides the division of labours and how the external supports towards the implementation of SRFGP. A census was conducted to 46 beneficiary households of SRFGP who are members of the Melati, Dahlia, and Mawar Women's Farmers Group (WFG) also supported by in-depth interviews to six informants including three chiefs of each WFG, chief of combined farmer group (CFG), agricultural extension officer, and the Village Head of Cikarawang. Most of the beneficiary households have a low level of gender equality in the implementation of SRFGP. The results show the issues of subordination and multi burden that experienced by women in the division of labours arises due to strong social value in the community, women are conceived to be responsible to activities such as managing the households and family, whilst men embedded as head of the family and responsibility to protect the family socio-economically.Keywords: gender equality, rural households, SRFGABSTRAKKawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) merupakan program yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Pertanian guna memenuhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Program ini melibatkan rumah tangga yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kegiatan Program KRPL. Untuk melihat apakah program ini telah menerapkan prinsip kesetaraan gender, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana karakteristik rumah tangga peserta Program KRPL, bagaimana pembagian kerja dalam rumah tangga peserta dan bagaimana dukungan lingkungan dalam pelaksanaan Program KRPL. Sensus dilakukan terhadap 46 rumah tangga peserta Program KRPL anggota Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Melati, Dahlia, dan Mawar juga didukung wawancara mendalam kepada enam informan yaitu tiga ketua masing-masing KWT, ketua gapoktan, penyuluh pertanian, dan Kepala Desa Cikarawang. Sebagian besar rumah tangga peserta memiliki tingkat kesetaraan gender yang rendah dalam pelaksanaan Program KRPL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat Isu subordinasi dan  beban kerja ganda yang dialami perempuan dalam pembagian kerja rumah tangga muncul akibat kuatnya nilai sosial dalam masyarakat yang dominan menempatkan perempuan pada kegiatan mengatur urusan rumah dan keluarga, sementara laki-laki sebagai kepala keluarga lebih dikhususkan untuk melindungi keluarga secara sosial ekonomi.Kata kunci: kesetaraan gender, Program KRPL, rumah tangga di pedesaan

XV.—Encystation and Reserve Food Formation in Trinema lineare, Penard

1924 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
J. S. Dunkerly
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Reserve Food

In the early spring of 1922 I was working with my friend Mr R. A. Staig at the rearing of larvæ and eggs of Stomoxys calcitrans in horse dung from a farm. Some of the manure had been left in the incubator (which was maintained at 24° C.) after all larvæ had been raised from it. On examining the surface of the material, which had been kept damp, it was found to be swarming with small Oligochætes and a rich culture of a testaceous Rhizopod (fig. 1). This latter is 35μ × 17μ in size, and appears to be identical with the organism figured by Leidy (10) as Trinema enchelys. It seems certain that Leidy had placed different species under this one name, and Cash and Waite (2) have placed in the species lineare those forms which differ from T. enchelys in being of smaller size and in having a test very thin and composed of ill-defined plates, which can hardly be seen in most of the specimens mounted in balsam. The present organism then can be placed in this species, Trinema lineare, Penard.

A Comparison of the Biology of Echinus esculentus in Different Habitats

1934 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Reserve Food

There are two types of ground at Port Erin, differing widely in the general environmental conditions, and each with a characteristic type of urchin on it. The difference is sufficiently well marked for the local fishermen, who collect the urchins for sale to summer visitors, to distinguish them as different types. The littoral urchins from the Breakwater are larger and thicker shelled than those from the Breast. Their gonads reach a greater maximum size, and, in fact, never fall as low even as the maximum volume for the Breast urchin gonads. This difference is probably correlated with the much greater food supply on the Breakwater, since the gonad is the one organ of the body in which the animal can store reserve food material. Spawning commences in March or April and lasts for about two months, but is slightly earlier on the Breakwater than on the Breast. Ripening also takes place considerably earlier in both sexes on the littoral ground. Spawning seems to set in at a temperature of about 7° C., and the colder winter of 1931, compared with 1932, was associated with a later ripening and spawning, i n the former year. Similarly it is suggested that the slightly later spawning on the Breast than on the Breakwater is correlated with the slightly later rise in the temperature of the water on the deeper water ground in the spring.

Seasonal changes in energy allocation by white oak (Quercusalba)

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. McLaughlin ◽  
R. K. McConathy ◽  
R. L. Barnes ◽  
N. T. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Reserve Food

Seasonal patterns of change in lipids, sugars, starch, labile (ethanol soluble) constituents, holocellulose, and lignin were studied in six forest-grown white oak (Quercusalba L.) trees. Contents of metabolically active constituents in leaves, twigs, branches, boles (upper and lower), and roots (support and small lateral) were used to construct whole-tree budgets of energy allocation. [14C]Sucrose was also concurrently supplied to the study trees to follow the fate and efficiency of utilization of food reserves. Results showed that white oak rapidly mobilized and replaced food reserves during the critical period of canopy generation in the spring. Starch was more important as a reserve food than lipids or sugar. Large fluctuations in starch in roots in spring and fall suggested a bimodal belowground growth pattern. Labile constituents showed the most pronounced seasonal changes and dominated the calculated whole-tree energy flux patterns. Rapid decline in labile compounds in early spring and a parallel increase in holocellulose suggested a possible pattern of mobilization and resupply of stored reserves associated with in cell wells. This possibility was supported by a concurrent shift of labile 14C to nonlabile 14C in tissues. Canopy generation was calculated to have cost ≤17.7 kg of glucose (1.6 g glucose/g of canopy) of which 13 kg appeared to have come from within the canopy.

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