scholarly journals AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF THERMAL CONTACT HEATING AND MELTING OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURES TO OBTAIN SOFT DOSAGE FORMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Obodovych ◽  
◽  
Olesya Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixtures ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Contact Heating ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Consuming

Heat exchange processes are of great importance for the implementation of technological operations in many industries, including the pharmaceutical, food and refining industries. The problem of heat transfer intensification is especially important for the creation of high-energy-efficient equipment. Heat-exchange processes of heating and melting are labor-intensive and energy-consuming, where it is necessary to transfer substances or mixtures from a solid state to a sufficiently fluid one to ensure their further transportation to the next stages of production. The peculiarity of hydrocarbon mixtures lies in their thermophysical properties: a wide range of changes in the phase transition temperature or melting point (37…100 °C), a tendency to thermal destruction and a low thermal conductivity (0.034… 0.34 W/m ∙ K). Traditionally, reactors with different mixer designs, baths with coils, electric tissue heaters, heating chambers, etc. are used at enterprises for heating and melting hydrocarbon mixtures. Mostly equipment is purchased abroad, for the purchase of which a lot of money is spent. Such methods are long and energy-intensive, there are large temperature gradients, which often leads to overheating of one part of the substance and underheating of another. In addition, the process of loading mixtures into boilers and their subsequent unloading is problematic and contaminatingly dangerous. Given all this, the development and implementation of domestic innovative technologies and equipment for the processes of heating and melting of hydrocarbon mixtures is an urgent task.

An Innovative Heating Energy System Planning and Design: Case of Yinchuan City

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghai Zheng ◽  
Lin Fu ◽  
Zi Wu ◽  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Yanting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Energy Structure

The current heating system in Yinchuan city, the capital of the Ningxia Autonomous Region in northwest China, is investigated and analyzed. Lacking an integrated planning, the heating systems have developed with low energy efficiency, high environment emission and economic cost. The choice of heating energy structure vary between coal and gas, the heating modes including gas-fired CHP, coal-fired CHP, gas-fired boiler and coal-fired boiler are facing challenges. In this paper, several innovative planning scenarios are proposed to achieve high energy efficiency, low environment emission and reasonable economic cost. In the heating schemes, three innovative technologies are designed. The first technology is waste heat recovery based on the Co-generation-based absorption heat-exchange (Co-ah) cycle. The waste heat can be both from circulating water or flue gas in CHP heating system and the industrial waste heat recovery. The second technology is the heating network with large temperature difference. The third technology is the gas distributed peak-shaving, gas-driven absorption heat-exchange in the substation.

scholarly journals MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING WORKS ON MOBILE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Iskovich-Lototskyy ◽  
Nataliia Veselovska ◽  
Yaroslav Ivanchuk ◽  
Olena Hnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Vibration Impact ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Agricultural Machines

In this work, vibrations were investigated during loading and unloading operations of mobile agricultural machines, which are considered to be one of the most labor-intensive components of the transport process. Therefore, idle machines during carrying out operations and in anticipation of them remain quite significant, which is due to the insufficient level of mechanization of loading and unloading of cargoes on transport, with a fuzzy coordination of actions of different organizations during the overloading of cargoes at transport nodes and for some other reasons. The main means of mechanization are stationary and gantry cranes for containers, heavy loads and large packages, as well as means of mechanization on the railway or on the chassis of a standard mobile car or special chassisIn our opinion, the use of hydraulic impulse actuators in the production of vibration and vibration shock unloading devices, which is due to simplicity of design, compactness, high energy intensity, a wide range of regulation of operating parameters and the ability to work in an automated mode is promising. In particular, a promising area is the creation of removable attachments with hydraulic impulse drive for dump trucks, onboard vehicles, tractor trailers and other vehicles. For intensification of processes of unloading of a body of a trailer-dump truck of tractors the hydraulic vibrating shock device is developed. It accelerates the unloading and cleaning of the body of agricultural products. Reduced costs and reduced oversized idle tractors with unloading trailers. Therefore, the development of vibration and vibration impact equipment for use in loading and unloading operations on mobile agricultural machines and in general on transport is an urgent task.

scholarly journals METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR HEATING AND MELTING HYDROCARBON MIXTURES IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
A.A. Dolinskiy ◽  
V.G. Gorobets ◽  
O.O. Pereiaslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixtures ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Energy Consuming

The analysis of the methods and equipment in which the heating and melting of hydrocarbon mixtures in the pharmaceutical, food and oil refining industries is carried out has shown that reactors, baths, electric heaters, heating chambers, etc. are traditionally used for heating and melting hydrocarbon mixtures. Such methods are time consuming and energy consuming, large temperature gradients are observed, which leads to overheating of one part of the substance and underheating of another. In addition, the process of loading mixtures into boilers and their subsequent unloading is problematic and unsafe for contamination. Often containers with such substances are kept in unheated or poorly heated rooms (warehouses, workshops, etc.) and are too viscous to be unloaded from the container and transported to the next stages of production, which makes it difficult and slows down their melting. Most of the equipment is purchased abroad, for the purchase of which large funds are spent. The discovered existing problems give impetus to the development of new methods and equipment for the implementation of heating and melting processes. References 6, figures 6.

scholarly journals VIBRATION RESEARCH IN MOBILE AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Iskovich-Lototskyy ◽  
Nataliia Veselovska ◽  
Yaroslav Ivanchuk ◽  
Olena Hnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Vibration Impact ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Agricultural Machines

In this work, vibrations were investigated during loading and unloading operations of mobile agricultural machines, which are considered to be one of the most labor-intensive components of the transport process. Therefore, idle machines during carrying out operations and in anticipation of them remain quite significant, which is due to the insufficient level of mechanization of loading and unloading of cargoes on transport, with a fuzzy coordination of actions of different organizations in the overloading of loads at transport nodes and for some other reasons. The main means of mechanization are stationary and gantry cranes for containers, heavy loads and large packages, as well as means of mechanization on the railway or on the chassis of a standard mobile car or special chassis. In our opinion, the use of hydraulic impulse actuators in the production of vibration and vibration shock unloading devices is promising, due to the simplicity of construction, compactness, high energy intensity, a wide range of regulation of operating parameters and the ability to work in automated mode. In particular, a promising area is the creation of removable attachments with hydro-impulse drive for dump trucks, onboard vehicles, tractor trailers and other vehicles. For intensification of processes of unloading of a body of a trailer-dump truck of tractors the hydraulic vibrating shock device is developed. It accelerates the unloading and cleaning of the body of agricultural products. Reduced costs and reduced oversized idle tractors with unloading trailers. Therefore, the development of vibration and vibration impact equipment for use in loading and unloading operations on mobile agricultural machines and in general on transport is an urgent task.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Compact back-scattered electrons' energy analyzer for standard SEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
S. Likharev ◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
V. Vybornov
Keyword(s):  
Depth Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Beam ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
High Energy Part ◽  
Small Window ◽  
Energy Part ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Voltage Supply

At present time the interest is growing considerably for theoretical and experimental analysis of back-scattered electrons (BSE) energy spectra. It was discovered that a special angle and energy nitration of BSE flow could be used for increasing a spatial resolution of BSE mode, sample topography investigations and for layer-by layer visualizing of a depth structure. In the last case it was shown theoretically that in order to obtain suitable depth resolution it is necessary to select a part of BSE flow with the directions of velocities close to inverse to the primary beam and energies within a small window in the high-energy part of the whole spectrum.A wide range of such devices has been developed earlier, but all of them have considerable demerit: they can hardly be used with a standard SEM due to the necessity of sufficient SEM modifications like installation of large accessories in or out SEM chamber, mounting of specialized detector systems, input wires for high voltage supply, screening a primary beam from additional electromagnetic field, etc. In this report we present a new scheme of a compact BSE energy analyzer that is free of imperfections mentioned above.

Increase of Heat Exchange Processes Efficiency at Production Site

2017 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
A.F. Khasanova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Gallyamov ◽  
Z.A. Zakirova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Exchange Processes

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals Optically transparent and very thin structure against electromagnetic pulse (EMP) using metal mesh and saltwater for shielding windows

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Tung Phan ◽  
Chang Won Jung
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Pulse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optically Transparent

AbstractAn electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with high energy can damage electronic equipment instantly within a wide range of thousands of kilometers. Generally, a metal plate placed inside a thick concrete wall is used against an EMP, but it is not suitable for an EMP shielding window, which requires not only strong shielding effectiveness (SE) but also optical transparency (OT). In this paper, we propose a very thin and optically transparent structure with excellent SE for EMP shielding window application. The proposed structure consists of a saltwater layer held between two glass substrates and two metal mesh layers on the outside of the glass, with a total thickness of less than 1.5 cm. The SE and OT of the structure are above 80 dB and 45%, respectively, which not only meet the requirement of EMP shielding for military purposes but also retain the procedure of good observation. Moreover, the OT of the structure can be significantly improved using only one metal mesh film (MMF) layer, while the SE is still maintained high to satisfy the required SE for home applicants. With the major advantages of low cost, optical transparency, strong SE, and flexible performance, the proposed structure can be considered a good solution for transparent EMP shielding windows.

Enabling highly reversible sodium metal cycling across a wide temperature range with dual-salt electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akila C. Thenuwara ◽  
Pralav P. Shetty ◽  
Neha Kondekar ◽  
Chuanlong Wang ◽  
Weiyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Metal Cycling ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Wide Range

A new dual-salt liquid electrolyte is developed that enables the reversible operation of high-energy sodium-metal-based batteries over a wide range of temperatures down to −50 °C.

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