AGROECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LEGUMES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE

The ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the sown areas of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of common field crops in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is calculated. A comparison is made for these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with by-products of leguminous crops at their average yield. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Calculated symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will more contribute to the stabilization of the agroecological state of the soil. It is proved that an increase in the areas of leguminous crops in the intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will have a positive effect on the agroecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products, which can be buried in the soil – 3.5 t/ha. Also, the by-products of beans provide the input into the soil of all mineral phosphorus – 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium – 16.5 kg/ha. By-products allow to accumulate more mineral nitrogen in the soil with by-products – 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops – 120 kg/ha.

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ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF GRAIN PEGULUM CROPS IN MODERN INTENSIVE CROP ROTATIONS

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 161-171

Author(s):

Oleksander Tkachuk ◽

Vitalii Ovcharuk

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Ecological State ◽

Average Yield ◽

Mineral Phosphorus ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Leguminous Crops ◽

Sown Area ◽

By Products ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The article discusses the ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation. In particular, the area under crops of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of the most widespread grain crops. The emphasis of the article is aimed at establishing the level of nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops, which have the largest sown areas in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation by these leguminous crops of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is also calculated. A comparison is made according to these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with the by-products of leguminous crops with an average yield of their seeds. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation contributes most to the stabilization of the agro-ecological state of the soil. According to the State Statistics Service in Ukraine in 2019, the largest sown area among leguminous crops belonged to peas - 347.0 thousand hectares, which is 61.3% in the structure of all leguminous crops. In total, the sown area for leguminous crops in Ukraine is 566.0 thousand hectares, which is about 2% of the total sown area and this is a very low indicator. Considering the average yield in Ukraine, beans can return more by-products to the soil - 3.5 t/ha, soybeans and peas - by 8.6% less, beans - by 37.1%, and least of all - chickpeas and lentils - 1.7 - 1.8 t/ha. The content of the main macronutrients in the by-products of all leguminous crops is similar and is: nitrogen - 10.0-12.0 kg/t, phosphorus - 3.4-3.6 kg/t, potassium - 4.6-5.0 kg/t. It has been proven that an increase in the area of leguminous crops in an intensive crop rotation will have a positive effect on the agro-ecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products that can be ploughed into the soil - 3.5 t/ha. Also, by-products of beans are characterized by a high content of mineral phosphorus - 3.6 kg/t, which ensures the supply of all mineral phosphorus to the soil - 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium - 16.5 kg/ha. Soybean by-products are characterized by a high nitrogen content - 12.0 kg/t, phosphorus - 3.6 kg/t and potassium - 5.0 kg/t. This allows, after growing soybeans, to accumulate in the soil with by-products more mineral nitrogen - 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops - 120 kg/ha. By-products of leguminous crops have a high content of nitrogen - 2.3-2.7 times, phosphorus - 1.5-1.6 times compared to by-products of grain crops. Also, when plowing soybean by-products into the soil, there will be 2 times more mineral nitrogen and 1.1-1.3 times more phosphorus than when plowing winter wheat by-products. Key words: egumes, by-products, nitrogen fixation, nutrients, accumulation, soil.

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Effet Du Fumier Sur Le Bilan Des Éléments Nutritifs Des Champs Dans Le Terroir De La Néma Au Saloum (Sénégal)

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n27p126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (27) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Ismaïla Coly ◽

Babacar Diop ◽

Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Ground Level ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Agricultural Potential ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

On Farm ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the land of Nema, fields show low agricultural potential due to high human and climatic pressure. To increase their agricultural production, the populations have opted either for the use of chemical fertilizer or for the supply of manure through the Agriculture-Livestock integration. This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of on-farm use of manure on groundnut pod and groundnut production, and nutrient balance at the field level. 20 square plots of 2m each were used per field on the monitored farms. The hay and pod samples were taken therein, weighed, and dried in an oven at 60° C to a constant weight. This work was carried out for both fertilized fields and unfertilized fields (controls). In these same farms, samples of manure produced were collected and analyzed. The production of peanut and groundnut pods in the fertilized fields and in the control fields shows an overall positive effect of the manure on the yields in the land of the Néma. Taking into account the figures of the average deficits, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balance is deficient in ground-level groundnut peanut fields. This is due to the low manure doses per hectare and its low nutrient content.

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The extended use of fractionation processes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1977.0129 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 281 (980) ◽

pp. 139-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Products ◽

Flour Milling ◽

Sugar Extraction ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Protein Rich ◽

By Products ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Ruminant Feed ◽

Toxic Components

Winnowing, flour milling and sugar extraction are traditional examples of the mechanical fractionation of agricultural products. Fodder fractionation is more novel. It enables a protein-rich fraction to be separated, for use by people and other non-ruminants, from a more fibrous fraction that can be used as ruminant feed. Because the fibre is partly dewatered in the process, less energy is needed to dry it than to dry the original forage for conservation as winter feed. The ‘whey’ remaining after separating protein from the expressed juice could simply be returned to the land as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - perhaps after being used as a substrate for microorganisms. Besides being used on crops grown specially for the purpose, fodder fractionation can be applied to various market garden and farm by-products - even to some, such as potato haulm, that are usually considered inedible. The process of extraction destroys detrimental physical structures and the ‘whey’ removes toxic components.

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Parameters of biological circulation of phytomass and nutritional elements in crop rotations

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2019_714 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 92-98

Author(s):

D. V. Litvinov ◽

A. O. Butenko ◽

V. I. Onychko ◽

T. O. Onychko ◽

L. V. Malynka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Field Crop ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Nutritional Elements ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Quantitative Parameters ◽

Fodder Crops ◽

By Products

The research shows, that an increase of phytocoenoses provided an increase of phytomass volume in the biological cycle from 63.5 to 114.3 t/ha. The yield of phytomass in a crop rotation, different in structure and set of crops, was as follows: for four-field and five-field crop rotation - 63.5-86.7 t/ha, six field - 89.4, seven-field - 96.9, and eight-field - 114.3 t/ha. The optimization of the ratio of grain, technical and fodder crops allowed us to regulate quantitative parameters of crops’ phytomass, which was alienated from agrocoenosis. The yield of the main products, alienated from the field was, as follows: in four-field crop rotation -20.7 t/ha, five-field - 26.6, six-field -37.8, seven field -28.4 and eight field - 41.3 t/ha, which was 32.6%, 30.7%, 42.3%, 29.3% and 36.1%,respectively. The rest returned to the soil with by-products and crop remains. The total amount of nutrients (NPK) in the phytomass, involved in the circulation, was within the range for four-field crop rotation (100% of grain crops) – 1.814 kg/ha, five-field (80% grain and 20% technical) – 2.368 kg/hectare, six-field (66.8% of cereals, 33.2% of technical ones) - 2,599 kg/ha, seven-field (57.2% of cereals and 42.8% of technical) - 2.956 kg/ha, eight-field (62.5% of cereals, 25.0 % of technical, 12.5% of fodder) –3.491 kg/ha.

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Response of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits to Environmental Factors

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v9i330062 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 233-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingwen Xu ◽

Xiaoyu Su ◽

Yonghui Li ◽

Xiuzhi Sun ◽

Donghai Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Visible Light ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

High Tunnel ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

This review focused on the influence of environmental systems and/or factors including high tunnel, UV and visible light, fertilization, and irrigation on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits. Most studies reported that high tunnel reduced chicoric acid and luteolin in vegetables including lettuce and pac choi, and fruits including raspberry and tomato versus open field, although a few studies demonstrated that high tunnel did not significantly impact on the bioactive compounds. Light including UV such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A, and UV-B, and visible light especially red and blue light, significantly stimulated biosynthesis of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics, and promoted their contents in vegetables such as onion and spinach, and fruits for example blueberry and strawberry. The effect of fertilization including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on bioactive phytochemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols) in vegetables (broccoli, kale) or fruits (tomato) varied among the cultivars. Water deficit usually increased anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in vegetables such as lettuce and red beet, and fruits including grape and pomegranate. Taken together, the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits in response to environmental factors were species- and varieties- dependent. The negative effect of environmental factors on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits can be overcome by selecting appropriate cultivars, while the positive effect can be further manipulated in horticultural production for potential consumer’s health benefits.

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Effects of N, P, K on Yield and Quality of Jujube in the Loess Hilly Region and Its Fertilization Model

10.1101/2020.09.01.277301 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shenglan Ye ◽

Tiancheng Liu ◽

Yulu Wei

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the optimal N, P and K fertilization model suitable for pear-jujube in the mountain of northern Shaanxi in 2016 years. This experiment use 3-factor, saturated optimal design for quadratic fertilization scheme. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of pear-jujube were studied through field experiments. And comprehensive evaluation based on the quality of pear-jujube. The results showed that N1P3K3 has the highest yield, which is 48% higher than the control (CK). The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield is potassium fertilizer (positive effect)> phosphate fertilizer (positive effect)> nitrogen fertilizer (negative effect). Phosphate and potassium fertilizers have significant effects on increasing the content of soluble solids. Application of potassium fertilizer alone can significantly increase the content of reduced Vitamins c. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium reduced the content of reduced Vitamins c. N3P3K1 treatment can significantly increase the total sugar content in fruits. Single application of phosphate and potassium increases the content of organic acids in fruits. Other fertilization treatments have significant effects on reducing the content of organic acids in fruits. The sugar-acid ratio of N3P3K1 is significantly higher than CK, which had an important effect on improving the taste. A high amount of potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing the total flavonoid content in fruits. The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus will reduce the total flavonoid content. The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on quality is potassium (positive effect)> nitrogen (positive effect)> phosphate (positive effect). Comprehensive analysis, the optimal fertilization amount when the target yield is 23000 ∼ 27000 kg·hm-2 and the quality score is above 85 is nitrogen (N) 406.93 ∼ 499.31 kg·hm-2, phosphorus (P2O5) 203.94 ∼ 297.08 kg·hm-2, and potassium (K2O) 285.47 ∼ 322.82 kg·hm-2.

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Effect of zoogenic litter on soil’s chemical properties in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/031821 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. V. Shulman ◽

O. Y. Pakhomov

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Properties Of Soil

The aspects of the process of decomposition and recycling of zoogenic litter (dead animals of different classes) were first ascertained for the steppe Prydniprovia. Influence of destruction of necrotic organic matter on soil properties (pH, NPK-complex) in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine was estimated. Decomposition and recycling processes of dead animals (chickens, rats) on the experimental plots in biogeocoenoses with artificial oak plantations, sampling soil under dead bodies after the active stages of decomposition with different soil horizons at the same time with control samples, its chemical analysis allowed to determine the effect of degradation necrotic organic matter on the pH value and the content of some chemical elements (N, P, K) in the soil studied ecosystems. In this article the results of investigation of the effect of zoogenic litter on some chemical properties of soil in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia are presented. The effect of chickens and rats corpses’ decomposition on the pH of soil, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indexes in the soil is analyzed. The influence of the expansion of animal carcasses on soil chemical properties in different soil horizons compared with control values (without the presence of animal carcasses) is identified. It was found that under the effect of decomposition of animals’ corpses the pH of the soil increases. Under the corpses of chickens pH increases by 6,4–16,7 %, and rats – 2,2–14,2 % compared to control values. The content of nitrogen in the soil under the corpses of chickens increases by 9,5–42,2 %, and under the corpses of rats – to 25,5–25,7 %. Phosphorus content under the corpses of chickens increases by 28,4–107,7 % of rats – to 57,5–75,7 %. The content of potassium in the soil under the corpses of chickens increased by 3,63 % to 69,8 %, and the corpses of rats – by 6,8–23,0 %. Consequently zoogenic litter is an important factor in the accumulation of NPK-complex in the soil. Thus process of animal corpse decomposition has positive effect for chemical properties of forest soil and biogeocoenoses generally.

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Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

Multifunctional adaptive feed production № 23 (71) ◽

10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽

Oksana Artyuhova ◽

Vera Svirina

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Field Crop ◽

Pure Steam ◽

Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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Sequestration of carbon oxide in different fertilization systems in agrocenoses

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp5.02.037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 37-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Demydenko ◽

Yu. Zapasna ◽

V. Velychko

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Carbon Oxide ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Organic System ◽

Capacity Level ◽

Medium Level ◽

Fertilization System ◽

By Products

Aim. To substantiate the agroecological estimation of the performance of a short crop rotation in conditions of intense and organic system of fertilization on the basis of restoring normative parameters of emission and se- questration of С-СО 2 circulation while using by-products as organic fertilizers in conditions of modern climatic system of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results of Investigations. The performance of short crop rotations is determined by the capacity of С-СО 2 balance. Strong inverse correla- tion was found between the capacity of N and the ratio between C and N in the agrocenosis, which demon- strated that enhancing the humifi cation processes (ratio constriction) led to the increase in the capacity of С org balance and the decrease in the capacity level of С-СО 2 balance (enhancing mineralization), related to the reduction in the performance of crops in the agrocenosis of a crop rotation compared to the organic system of fertilization. The capacity of С-СО 2 and С org balance correlates at the medium level of inverse direction, and the yield of the main products, feed units and digestible protein correlates at the level of strong direct correlation. Conclusions. General mineralization of by-products and humus in the agrocenosis and humifi cation processes are antagonists, so extending the ratio between С and N at the intense fertilization system stimulates the in- crease in performance and reducing С to N similar to the organic fertilization system enhances the humifi cation process due to binding of С org into humus and limits mineralization which leads to the reduction in agrocenosis performance at the organic fertilization system.

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