Response of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits to Environmental Factors

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Xu ◽  
Xiaoyu Su ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Xiuzhi Sun ◽  
Donghai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This review focused on the influence of environmental systems and/or factors including high tunnel, UV and visible light, fertilization, and irrigation on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits. Most studies reported that high tunnel reduced chicoric acid and luteolin in vegetables including lettuce and pac choi, and fruits including raspberry and tomato versus open field, although a few studies demonstrated that high tunnel did not significantly impact on the bioactive compounds. Light including UV such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A, and UV-B, and visible light especially red and blue light, significantly stimulated biosynthesis of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics, and promoted their contents in vegetables such as onion and spinach, and fruits for example blueberry and strawberry. The effect of fertilization including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on bioactive phytochemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols) in vegetables (broccoli, kale) or fruits (tomato) varied among the cultivars. Water deficit usually increased anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in vegetables such as lettuce and red beet, and fruits including grape and pomegranate. Taken together, the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits in response to environmental factors were species- and varieties- dependent. The negative effect of environmental factors on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits can be overcome by selecting appropriate cultivars, while the positive effect can be further manipulated in horticultural production for potential consumer’s health benefits.

scholarly journals Effects of serpentinite fertilizer on the chemical properties and enzyme activity of young spruce soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Kazimierz Januszek ◽  
Stanisław Małek ◽  
Tomasz Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Plots

AbstractThe experimental plots used in the study were located in the middle forest zone (elevation: 900-950 m a.s.l.) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians in southern Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serpentinite in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on selected chemical properties of the soil and activity of dehydrogenase and urease in the studied soils. All fertilizer treatments significantly enriched the tested soils in magnesium. The use of serpentinite as a fertilizer reduced the molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, which facilitated the uptake of magnesium by tree roots due to competition between calcium and magnesium. After one year of fertilization on the Wisła experimental plot, the pH of the Ofh horizon increased, while the pH of the mineral horizons significantly decreased. Enrichment of serpentinite with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers stimulated the dehydrogenase activity in the studied organic horizon. The lack of a negative effect of the serpentinite fertilizer on enzyme activity in the spruce stand soil showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals added to the soil were not high enough to be toxic and indicated the feasibility of using this fertilizer in forestry.

scholarly journals AGROECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LEGUMES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlexander Tkachuk ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Telekalo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Common Field

The ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the sown areas of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of common field crops in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is calculated. A comparison is made for these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with by-products of leguminous crops at their average yield. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Calculated symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will more contribute to the stabilization of the agroecological state of the soil. It is proved that an increase in the areas of leguminous crops in the intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will have a positive effect on the agroecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products, which can be buried in the soil – 3.5 t/ha. Also, the by-products of beans provide the input into the soil of all mineral phosphorus – 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium – 16.5 kg/ha. By-products allow to accumulate more mineral nitrogen in the soil with by-products – 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops – 120 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Effet Du Fumier Sur Le Bilan Des Éléments Nutritifs Des Champs Dans Le Terroir De La Néma Au Saloum (Sénégal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Ismaïla Coly ◽  
Babacar Diop ◽  
Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the land of Nema, fields show low agricultural potential due to high human and climatic pressure. To increase their agricultural production, the populations have opted either for the use of chemical fertilizer or for the supply of manure through the Agriculture-Livestock integration. This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of on-farm use of manure on groundnut pod and groundnut production, and nutrient balance at the field level. 20 square plots of 2m each were used per field on the monitored farms. The hay and pod samples were taken therein, weighed, and dried in an oven at 60° C to a constant weight. This work was carried out for both fertilized fields and unfertilized fields (controls). In these same farms, samples of manure produced were collected and analyzed. The production of peanut and groundnut pods in the fertilized fields and in the control fields shows an overall positive effect of the manure on the yields in the land of the Néma. Taking into account the figures of the average deficits, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balance is deficient in ground-level groundnut peanut fields. This is due to the low manure doses per hectare and its low nutrient content.

The dual effect of foreign competition on emerging market firms' internationalization

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongquan Chen ◽  
Saixing Zeng ◽  
Chongfeng Wu ◽  
Haiping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Emerging Market Firms ◽  
Foreign Competitors ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThe authors develop a theoretical framework of how foreign competition in a firm's home country jointly interacts with other environmental factors to influence the internationalization pace. This study moves beyond the debate on whether foreign competition promotes or inhibits the internationalization pace by unpacking the nature of pace across strategic and operational dimensions. By differentiating the internationalization paces of market scope and international commitment, the study results show that foreign competition has a positive effect on the former and a negative effect on the latter. This indicates that the determinants of different paces are conditional upon the different knowledge types among foreign competitors.Design/methodology/approachUsing a panel data set of Chinese construction corporations over the period from 2009 to 2015, the authors extend previous research on the effect of home country environment on internationalization behavior in an emerging economy by examining the effects of the interplay between foreign competition in home country and industrial contexts. The authors also explore the moderating effect of subnational institutions on the relationship between foreign competition and internationalization pace. They use a Poisson model and a GEE model to examine the main effects and moderating effects involved.FindingsThe results indicate that industry dynamism strengthens the positive effect of foreign competition and the pace of market scope, while industry munificence weakens the negative effect of foreign competition and the pace of international commitment. The authors’ findings support the coexistence of “pushing” and “pulling” effects of environmental factors from a firm's home country. The authors extend the argument of “institutional escapism” by focusing on subnational institutions. They show that firms located in a region with a low level of marketization are more likely to respond by accelerating the pace of their international expansion to escape from their home country.Originality/valueThe authors’ findings have implications for practitioners and policymakers working with emerging market firms (EMFs). The authors suggest that local governments should consider building high-quality institutions that can reduce the possibility of investment opportunities escaping EMFs. The authors’ findings indicate that international knowledge from foreign competitors may also assist EMFs in understanding more about the cultural environment before entering host countries, although it cannot help them to resolve cultural uncertainty when operating in host countries. Hence, managers should carefully evaluate their competitiveness before they decide to engage in global competition at an accelerated rate.

scholarly journals Effects of N, P, K on Yield and Quality of Jujube in the Loess Hilly Region and Its Fertilization Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Ye ◽  
Tiancheng Liu ◽  
Yulu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the optimal N, P and K fertilization model suitable for pear-jujube in the mountain of northern Shaanxi in 2016 years. This experiment use 3-factor, saturated optimal design for quadratic fertilization scheme. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of pear-jujube were studied through field experiments. And comprehensive evaluation based on the quality of pear-jujube. The results showed that N1P3K3 has the highest yield, which is 48% higher than the control (CK). The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield is potassium fertilizer (positive effect)> phosphate fertilizer (positive effect)> nitrogen fertilizer (negative effect). Phosphate and potassium fertilizers have significant effects on increasing the content of soluble solids. Application of potassium fertilizer alone can significantly increase the content of reduced Vitamins c. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium reduced the content of reduced Vitamins c. N3P3K1 treatment can significantly increase the total sugar content in fruits. Single application of phosphate and potassium increases the content of organic acids in fruits. Other fertilization treatments have significant effects on reducing the content of organic acids in fruits. The sugar-acid ratio of N3P3K1 is significantly higher than CK, which had an important effect on improving the taste. A high amount of potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing the total flavonoid content in fruits. The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus will reduce the total flavonoid content. The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on quality is potassium (positive effect)> nitrogen (positive effect)> phosphate (positive effect). Comprehensive analysis, the optimal fertilization amount when the target yield is 23000 ∼ 27000 kg·hm-2 and the quality score is above 85 is nitrogen (N) 406.93 ∼ 499.31 kg·hm-2, phosphorus (P2O5) 203.94 ∼ 297.08 kg·hm-2, and potassium (K2O) 285.47 ∼ 322.82 kg·hm-2.

scholarly journals Effect of zoogenic litter on soil’s chemical properties in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Shulman ◽  
O. Y. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The aspects of the process of decomposition and recycling of zoogenic litter (dead animals of different classes) were first ascertained for the steppe Prydniprovia. Influence of destruction of necrotic organic matter on soil properties (pH, NPK-complex) in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine was estimated. Decomposition and recycling processes of dead animals (chickens, rats) on the experimental plots in biogeocoenoses with artificial oak plantations, sampling soil under dead bodies after the active stages of decomposition with different soil horizons at the same time with control samples, its chemical analysis allowed to determine the effect of degradation necrotic organic matter on the pH value and the content of some chemical elements (N, P, K) in the soil studied ecosystems. In this article the results of investigation of the effect of zoogenic litter on some chemical properties of soil in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia are presented. The effect of chickens and rats corpses’ decomposition on the pH of soil, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indexes in the soil is analyzed. The influence of the expansion of animal carcasses on soil chemical properties in different soil horizons compared with control values (without the presence of animal carcasses) is identified. It was found that under the effect of decomposition of animals’ corpses the pH of the soil increases. Under the corpses of chickens pH increases by 6,4–16,7 %, and rats – 2,2–14,2 % compared to control values. The content of nitrogen in the soil under the corpses of chickens increases by 9,5–42,2 %, and under the corpses of rats – to 25,5–25,7 %. Phosphorus content under the corpses of chickens increases by 28,4–107,7 % of rats – to 57,5–75,7 %. The content of potassium in the soil under the corpses of chickens increased by 3,63 % to 69,8 %, and the corpses of rats – by 6,8–23,0 %. Consequently zoogenic litter is an important factor in the accumulation of NPK-complex in the soil. Thus process of animal corpse decomposition has positive effect for chemical properties of forest soil and biogeocoenoses generally.

Impact of Aluminium on Nutrient Profile of Soil under Various Genotypes of Garden Pea

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Mohd Talha Ansari ◽  
Pranabjyoti Sarma ◽  
A. S. Mailappa ◽  
C. Deo ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Al on nutrient profile of soil grown with various pea genotypes. The study involved growing two tolerant pea (Kashi Samrath and Kashi Samridhi) and two susceptible (Matar Ageta-7 and AP-3) genotypes with increasing added rate of Al (0, 12 ppm and 24 ppm) in soil. Al application in soil resulted in significant decrease in nutrient availability of soil mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The addition of Al caused decrease in soil pH causing a negative effect on the yield of susceptible pea genotypes. However, in tolerant genotypes, there was no significant effect on yield, despite a decrease in soil pH and an imbalance of nutrients.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

Estimasi Pengaruh Faktor Internal Bank dan Stabilitas Makroekonomi terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Mediasi Rasio Pembiayaan Bermasalah di PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Siti Fathonah ◽  
Dadang Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine and analyze how much influence the bank's internal factors such as Equity, Operational Costs per Operating Income (BOPO), Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF) as a mediator and external or macroeconomic factors namely inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on profitability represented by Return on Assets (ROA) at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the period 2008-2018. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from the publication of quarterly financial statements from 2008 to quarter 2 of 2018. The method that used in this research is path analysis with SPSS 20.0 as the analytical tool. The results of the study partially test the hypothesis (t-test), in substructure I shows that the capital variable has a significant negative effect on NPF, BOPO and inflation has a significant positive effect on NPF, FDR and GDP do not significantly influence NPF at Bank Muamalat Indonesia. In substructure II partially, Capital, BOPO, significant negative effect on ROA, FDR and NPF has a significant positive effect on ROA, Inflation and GDP does not significantly influence ROA while simultaneously significantly influencing ROA. Based on the sobel test, capital has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, BOPO has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, FDR has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, Inflation has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, while GDP has no significant effect on ROA through NPF.

Employee Engagement Dan Stress Kerja Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Turnover Intention di Aman Villas Nusa Dua – Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Wayan Arya Paramarta ◽  
Ni Putu Kurnia Darmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The aims of this study was to explain the effect of employee engagement and work stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention at Aman Villas Nusa Dua-Bali. The type of data used in this study is qualitative and quantitative data, with data sources namely primary and secondary data. Data collection method is interview, distributing questionnaires to respondents and library research, while the data analysis technique used Smart PLS 3.2.8. The results of this study showed that employee engagement had a positive effect and significant on job satisfaction, work stress had a negative effect but not significant on job satisfaction, employee engagement had a negative effect and significant on turnover intention, work stress had a positive effect and significant on turnover intention, job satisfaction had a negative effect but not significant on turnover intention, employee engagement had a positive effect but not significant on turnover intention trough job satisfaction, work stress had a positive effect but not significant on turnover intention trough job satisfaction at Aman Villas Nusa Dua-Bali.

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