scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF LVIV (UKRAINE) AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME AND EROSION PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Skrobala ◽  
◽  
Sofiya Marutyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

The object of research is the territory of the city of Lviv (Ukraine). Lviv (geographical coordinates: 49N50, 24E00) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, with a population of over 720,000 inhabitants. The city is located in the western part of the Volyn-Podilska Upland, on the line of the Main European Ridge of the Baltic and Black Sea basins. Subject of research is relief parameters (maximum, average and minimum heights, vertical dismemberment and steepness of the surface) and land use characteristics (building intensity, phytocenotic cover). The purpose of research is to study the features of the territory of Lviv from the standpoint of influence on the hydrological regime and erosion processes. Methodology. Peculiarities of the territory of Lviv were studied by processing topographic maps using aerial photography materials and route surveys. Morphometric analysis of the relief was performed on topographic maps of scale 1: 10000 by dividing the map into elementary squares with an area of 0.25 km2. The research covers an area of 100.25 km2 (401 elementary squares). Within the elementary squares, the maximum, average and minimum heights of the territory, the depth of local erosion bases, the average surface steepness, the intensity and nature of construction, and the features of vegetation were determined. Results. The territory of Lviv is characterized by a variety of relief conditions and related nature of surface use. On the basis of morphometric maps of maximum and minimum heights, vertical dismemberment and steepness of the surface, we can distinguish the flat peripheral part of the city and the middle band of elevations. The asymmetry of the territory of Lviv in relation to the watershed causes various potential dangers of erosion processes and related unproductive moisture losses. The intensity of construction increases from the periphery to the center, with the exception of modern multi-storey buildings of the Sykhiv massif and industrial areas in the western part of the city. Low specific weight of waterproof coatings is characterized by the eastern and northern parts of the city with a complex relief. The largest amount of greenery is concentrated in the eastern part of the city (Vysokyi Zamok Park, Shevchenkivskyi grove, Pohulyanka Forest Park, Lychakiv), where surfaces with maximum relative heights predominate. The great variety of the underlying surface on the territory of Lviv causes different conditions for the formation of surface runoff and associated unproductive moisture consumption. The high potential danger of erosion processes is primarily noted by the structural-denudation level of Roztochia, which is characterized by the highest values of surface steepness. Complex relief conditions, intensive anthropogenic impact determine the need for anti-erosion organization of the city and measures aimed at optimizing hydrological processes. Scientific novelty. One of the criteria that characterizes the degree of landscape transformation within the city is the intensity of construction, which is determined by the proportion of watertight areas in the overall balance of the territory. Peculiarities of spatial arrangement of elementary plots with different intensity of construction in combination with relief parameters and land use scheme are determined. Practical significance. Knowing the parameters of the terrain and the peculiarities of land use, it is possible to determine the potential intensity of erosion processes in the territory of Lviv, to assess the level of anthropogenic changes in the hydrological regime.

scholarly journals Consideration of land use in the evaluation of erosive processes in gully erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e25
Author(s):  
Tamara Vieira Pascoto ◽  
Simone Andrea Furegatti ◽  
Anna Silvia Palcheco Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The City ◽  
Erosive Feature

There are several factors that directly or indirectly influence erosion processes. In order to properly understand the behavior of these processes, some factors need to be analyzed together. Determining them wrongly can compromise the study resulting in wrong actions. For this reason, methodologies are always sought to measure them quantitatively and qualitatively in the most accurate possible way. Land use is one of the main factors liable to inaccuracies in its determination. To use this parameter in mapping erosive processes, researchers need to delimit it, classify it, and measure it. In order to better understand the complexity of considering this parameter, the present study analyzed an erosive feature that, although stabilized, has a component in constant development. Initially, a visual analysis indicated the same classification of land use for both conditions, despite having different behaviors, leading to the need for a detailed analysis. Such analysis comprised a historical survey through aerial photos and interviews with residents and employees of the city hall about the evolution of the feature from 2008 to 2019. It also included the analysis of other influencing factors that could be responsible for this difference in behavior in the area. Two different traces of the contribution areas of the gully and branch were also considered. One considering only aerial images, and the other considering the knowledge acquired during the research about the evolution of the feature. It was concluded, then, that an analysis of the use-only occupation factor based on aerial images can accentuate the inaccuracy of the measurement of this factor.

scholarly journals Zuiderzeestädte an der Ostsee

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Louis Sicking
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Regional Concentration ◽  
C 50 ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Zuiderzee towns in the Baltic. ‘Vitten’ and ‘Vögte’ – Space and urban representatives in late-medieval ScaniaThe Scania peninsula in the southwest of present-day Sweden was one of the most important trading centres of medieval Northern Europe due to the seasonal presence of immense swarms of herring which attracted large numbers of fishermen and traders. Streching back from the beach of Scania were the so-called vitten, which the traders, grouped by region or city, held as their own, legally autonomous trade settlements, from the Danish King. Initially, these were seasonal trading colonies that were occupied only for the duration of the fair, which began in August and ended in November. In the late Middle Ages the vitten developed into miniature towns, modest off-shoots from the traders‘ mother city. The presence on a small peninsula (c 50 km2) of so many fishermen and merchants who did business together and came from different cities could easily have led to tensions and conflict. What was the relationship between the spatial arrangement of the vitten at Scania and the urban representatives of the vitten, the so-called vögte or governors? This question is addressed by focusing on the vitten of the Zuiderzee towns. Their vitten, among which were numbered those of eastern Zuiderzee cities like Kampen and Zutphen as well as those of western cities like Amsterdam, Brielle and Zierikzee, were part of the Hanse. However, the vitten of these cities have been virtually neglected in historiography. The territorial or local-topographical development of these vitten was characterized by regional concentration: the Zuiderzee vitten were located close or adjacent to one another. The new vitten of Zierikzee and Amsterdam bordered on that of Kampen. Traders from cities and towns without their own vitte were housed in a vitte of a neighboring city: those of Deventer and Zwolle, for instance, in the vitte of  Kampen, those of Enkhuizen and Wieringen in the Amsterdam vitte and those from Schouwen island in the vitte of Zierikzee. The vitten of the eastern Zuiderzee towns were founded at the beginning of the fourteenth century, that is on average half a century earlier than those of the western Zuiderzee towns. The count of Holland and Zealand initially appointed the Zierikzee vogt or governor for all his subjects. Later on, the cities in his counties then had their own governors, first appointed by the count, later by the city (with or without the count‘s approval). The development of the representation of Holland and Zeeland towns in Scania differs from what was characteristic of the eastern Zuiderzee towns. Neither the Count /Duke of Guelders nor the bishop of Utrecht (as overlord of the Oversticht) attempted to interfere with the individual towns‘ governors or the vitten. The trend towards territorialisation in Scania was unmistakable. Although foreign traders, by reason of their origins, were subject to the jurisdiction of their mother city (the personality principle), a fact reflected in the responsibility of the vogt for the citizens in question, they were also increasingly spatially limited in Scania. This was a consequence of the limited space available, of the pursuit of control over one’s own community, and of the goal of allowing different urban groups to live together peaceably, prevent conflicts and guarantee the conduct of international trade. In this way the vitten, in particular those of the Zuiderzee towns that were further away from their mother cities, can be understood as urban colonies overseas.

Incorporating land use and pricing policies for reducing car dependence: Analytical framework and empirical evidence

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 3012-3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Travel Mode Choice ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
The City

This article develops an analytical framework to connect the theories of market and planning failures with the reasoning of incorporating land use and pricing policies for reducing driving and car dependence. A multilevel multinomial logit model (MML) is applied to estimate the effects of neighbourhood land use characteristics and price variables on travel mode choice of non-work trips and their interaction effects in the city of Austin, Texas. Results reveal that pricing policies are more efficient for reducing auto travel while land use policies appear better for adjusting non-auto travel. The practical significance of land use policies for reducing car dependence are more reflected in the modified effects of land use on pricing elasticities of driving probability. Pricing policies are more effective for reducing driving in neighbourhoods with a higher sidewalk density and a better accessibility to mixed-use activity centres. These findings validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the importance of coordinating land use and pricing policies together in the transportation planning practice.

Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Urszula Żukowska ◽  
Grażyna Kalewska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
L System ◽  
L Systems ◽  
The City

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.

Hydrological regime, water availability and land use/land cover change impact on the water balance in a large agriculture basin in the Southern Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 103224
Author(s):  
Tárcio Rocha Lopes ◽  
Cornélio Alberto Zolin ◽  
Rafael Mingoti ◽  
Laurimar Gonçalves Vendrusculo ◽  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Change Impact

Recent developments in regional transit for Greater Vancouver

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Brian E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Trunk Routes ◽  
The City ◽  
Capital Intensive

The transit system serving Greater Vancouver has high ridership and a high rate of growth. Using as a base the well-designed, well-patronized trolleybus grid in the City of Vancouver, an inter-connected suburban bus network has been created, with radial, cross-radial, and local routes meeting on a timed connection basis at suburban shopping centres and other foci. Planners' thoughts for the future include greater emphasis on the micro and macro aspects of land use and relations to transit; the use of capital intensive modes for heavy trunk routes; and the use of various forms of para-transit for low-density and certain feeder applications.

scholarly journals Modeling the City Distribution System Reliability with Bayesian Networks to Identify Influence Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Liyu Zhu ◽  
Shensi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
Distribution System Reliability ◽  
The City

Under the increasingly uncertain economic environment, the research on the reliability of urban distribution system has great practical significance for the integration of logistics and supply chain resources. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the city logistics distribution system. Starting from the research of factors that influence the reliability of city distribution system, further construction of city distribution system reliability influence model is built based on Bayesian networks. The complex problem is simplified by using the sub-Bayesian network, and an example is analyzed. In the calculation process, we combined the traditional Bayesian algorithm and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, which made the Bayesian model able to lay a more accurate foundation. The results show that the Bayesian network can accurately reflect the dynamic relationship among the factors affecting the reliability of urban distribution system. Moreover, by changing the prior probability of the node of the cause, the correlation degree between the variables that affect the successful distribution can be calculated. The results have significant practical significance on improving the quality of distribution, the level of distribution, and the efficiency of enterprises.

scholarly journals A Cellular Automata Model for Integrated Simulation of Land Use and Transport Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Nuno Pinto ◽  
António P. Antunes ◽  
Josep Roca
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Particle Swarm Algorithm ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
The City

Cellular automata (CA) models have been used in urban studies for dealing with land use change. Transport and accessibility are arguably the main drivers of urban change and have a direct influence on land use. Land use and transport interaction models deal with the complexity of this relationship using many different approaches. CA models incorporate these drivers, but usually consider transport (and accessibility) variables as exogenous. Our paper presents a CA model where transport variables are endogenous to the model and are calibrated along with the land use variables to capture the interdependent complexity of these phenomena. The model uses irregular cells and a variable neighborhood to simulate land use change, taking into account the effect of the road network. Calibration is performed through a particle swarm algorithm. We present an application of the model to a comparison of scenarios for the construction of a ring road in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. The results show the ability of the CA model to capture the influence of change of the transport network (and thus in accessibility) in the land use dynamics.

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