scholarly journals Applied study for general inhalation anaesthesia in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mohannad S. A. ◽  
Nabih M. A. ◽  
Ayad A. J.
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthesia ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Ruminal Contractions

General inhalation anaesthesia has been evaluated in twelve local sheep, which were divided in two equal groups. First group anaesthtized by induction with intravenous injection of ( Atropine sulfate 0.4 mg/kg B.W) and after 10 to minuts ( xylazine 0.02 mg/kg . B.W.) and ( Ketamine 10 mg/kg . B.W.). While the second group has been inducted with ( xylazine 0.02 and pentobarbiton sodium 15 mg /kg B.W) with intravenons injection premidirated with (Atropine sulfate 0.4 mg/kg B.W).  The general anaesthesia has been maintained in both groups with inhalation of halothane and oxygen 1-2% concentration by (( To and Fro)) inhalation closed system. The changes in the parameters of pulse rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and ruminal contractions has been considered from time 0 to 60 minutes to evalute the general anaesthesia .xylazine and ketamine induction followed with halothane show effective and safe gerenal anaesthesia with excellent muscle relaxation , analgesia and ensured rapid and safe recovery with minium cardio-pulmonary depression .

scholarly journals A comparative study between using of Midazolam-Ketamine and Diazepam-Ketamine combinations as anaesthetic program in sheep

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
S. A. A. Al-Redah
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anaesthetic Drug ◽  
Group D ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The present study was designed to compare the efficacy for using of the two anesthetics combinations (Midazolam-Ketamine and Diazepam-Ketamine). The effect of combinations on the length of surgical anesthesia, degree of flank analgesia, degree of muscle relaxation, respiratory rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were assayed in sheep.The experiment was conducted on ten apparently healthy adult sheep of either sex weighting (24-33kg). Sheep were divided in two equal groups, Diazepam (1mg/kg BW) +Ketamine (10mg/kg BW) group (D+K), Midazolam (1mg/kg BW) +Ketamine 10mg/kg BW group (M+K), was used by intramuscular injection, benzodiazepine derivative (diazepam or midazolam) injected first and then followed by ketamine 10minutes later.The following parameter were recorded at 3minutes before injection of drug and 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes (min.) respectively after administration of anaesthetic drug (Rectal Temperature , Respiratory Rate , Heart Rate , Degree of Analgesia , Degree of Muscle relaxation), the induction time, surgical anaesthesia and recovery time also were recorded.The experiment showed that the anaesthesia with Midazolam + Ketamine combination in sheep was suitable compared with Diazepam + Ketamine as it produced reliable surgical anaesthesia, good analgesia and muscle relaxation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine for Immobilization of Feral Horses in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Roşu ◽  
Iulia Melega ◽  
Alina L. Evans ◽  
Jon M. Arnemo ◽  
Susanne Küker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range

Feral horses are immobilized for a variety of reasons including population control via contraceptives. Although opioid combinations have been successfully used for immobilization of feral horses, there is a need for combinations using drugs that are more readily available and present less of a human health hazard. We evaluated the chemical immobilization with physiological measurements and blood gas analyses of 91 free-ranging feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) remotely immobilized with a combination of 30 mg medetomidine and 775 mg ketamine in a single disposable 6 ml dart. During immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, capillary refill time and peripheral oxygen hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were evaluated. In eight horses, arterial blood samples were analyzed to evaluate the blood gases, acid-base status and hematologic variables. Targeted horses presented a wide range of age, size and body condition. Eighty-one horses had an uneventful mean induction of 7.2 min. Eighty-nine horses were immobilized in lateral recumbency with good muscle relaxation and a median recumbency time of 67 min. Ten horses required supplemental ketamine intravenously (x̄ = 434 mg) due to incomplete immobilization. In 58 horses the effects of medetomidine were antagonized with atipamezole intravenously. Increased respiratory rate (>20 breaths/min), increased heart rate (>45 beats/min) and decreased SpO2 < 90% were noted in more than half of the individuals, while increased rectal temperature (>39.0°C) was recorded in six animals. Blood parameters showed hypoxemia (<90 mmHg, n = 8), hypercapnia (>45 mmHg, n = 5), high glucose levels (>134 mmol/L, n = 3), increased blood lactate (>1.5 mmol/L), total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and base excess which further increased in the second sample, whereas SpO2 and calcium values decreased. Recoveries were smooth, with one (n = 86) or more (n = 5) attempts of standing. Eighty-nine recoveries were uneventful, besides one male that showed signs of monoparesis of the left front leg and one mare with signs consistent with exertional myopathy. In conclusion, medetomidine-ketamine provided a reliable immobilization in feral horses over a wide range of body mass and age. However, based on the observed hypoxemia during immobilization, oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended for this protocol.

scholarly journals Chemical restraint of jaguars Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758 with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, detomidine, and atropine

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinícius De Souza ◽  
Liliane Rangel Nascimento ◽  
Liria Queiroz Luz Hirano ◽  
André Luiz Quagliatto Santos ◽  
José Ricardo Pachaly
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Righting Reflex

Chemical restraint of large felids is necessary for the handling, transportation, clinical assessment, and induction of anesthesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemical restraint using a combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, detomidine, and atropine with interspecific allometric scaling doses in captive Panthera onca. There were ten males (two melanistic ones) and five females weighing between 35 and 80 kg. The evaluation of the chemical restraint protocol was carried out during routine management of the animals for physical examination, collection of blood and bone marrow samples, dental evaluation, and other procedures. During pre-established intervals, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, nociception of thoracic and pelvic limbs, muscle relaxation and loss of the righting reflex were monitored. Loss of the righting reflex occurred at 8 ± 1.89 minutes post-injection (MPI). Respiratory rate returned at 77.6 ± 8.18 MPI; return of consciousness occurred at 112.6 ± 12.28 MPI, and complete recovery at 153 ± 12.47 MPI. There were no statistical differences between heart and respiratory rate means and oxyhemoglobin saturation. For rectal temperature, there was a significant reduction. The protocol analyzed was efficient for the chemical restraint of jaguars, enabling the manipulation, transportation, physical examination, dental evaluation, blood and bone marrow sample collection, and other minor invasive procedures of medium duration in these animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of general anesthesia induced by propofol, ketamine protocol in rabbits premedicated with diazepam

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Areej Ali Atiyah
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Wave Morphology

The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of diazepam-propofol-Ketamine protocol for induction of general anaesthesia in rabbits. The experiment was conducted on seventeen healthy male adult local rabbits weighting 0.9-1.5 kg. Rabbits were given protocol, Diazepam 1mg/kg B.W. by intramuscular injection then 15 minutes later propofol 10 mg/kg B.W. as bolus slow intravenous injection and ketamine 25 mg/kg BW by intramuscular injection. Several parameters included respiratory rate, body temperature and heart rate were recorded before injection of drugs and after giving the anesthetic protocol at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. The results showed that the anaesthesia with diazepam, propofol and Ketamine protocol in rabbits was suitable as it produced reliable surgical anaesthesia, good analgesia and muscle relaxation with minimal changes on the wave morphology of the cardiac muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of tramadol with tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine as anaesthesia in cats

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
Dezhang Lu ◽  
Sheng Jiang ◽  
Dongqi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anaesthetic Technique ◽  
Anaesthetic Induction ◽  
Physiological Indicators

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the combination of tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol (TZXT) in cats and to compare its efficacy as an anaesthetic technique with tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine (TZX). Fourteen healthy thirteen-month-old cats of both sexes were immobilized by TZXT or TZX on two different occasions. The cats’ scores for immobilization, analgesia and baseline physiological indicators, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature, were recorded before and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min after administration of TZXT or TZX. Animals in both groups became laterally recumbent within 3 min and physiological indicators changed after administration. These changes were within biologically acceptable limits; these measurements did not differ between the treatments. Induction and recovery quality in animals was better with TZXT than with TZX. Sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and posture scores was higher in TZXT group. During recovery, cats in TZXT group were more conscious than cats in TZX group. This study showed that in cats, addition of tramadol (T) to TZX improved the quality of anaesthetic induction and increased the analgesic effect without adversely affecting the physiological indicators. Thus tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol shows to be more suitable for cat anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

scholarly journals Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
P. Pennisi ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and the course of some blood parameters were monitored in calves during perinatal and neonatal periods. The study was carried out on eight Limousine calves. From all subjects, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured. Blood samples were taken at the same hour (9am) from the external jugular vein, and then centrifuged and stored until analyses. By means of an UV spectrophotometer, the following blood parameters were assessed for each subject: total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutirate, glutamate pyruvate transaminases (GPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminases (GOT), direct and total bilirubin, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sodium. The results showed a significant effect of days of life (P<0.05) only on total cholesterol, creatinine and GOT during the first week of life and a significant effect of days of life on rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, total cholesterol, NEFA, creatinina, and GOT during the first month of life. A correlation among individual values for postnatal age (days of life) and heart rate in calves during the first month of life was observed. In conclusion, modifications of studied parameters could be attributed to functional development of calves in neonatal period and contribute to the knowledge of adaptation processes in calf during the first week and the first month of life resulting useful for the diagnosis and treatment of any neonatal diseases.

Lactic Acidosis in Children—Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Workbook Exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Marc Yudkoff ◽  
Fred Burg
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment

This article is designed to give you an opportunity to learn how lactic acidosis affects children, and how to diagnose and treat a child with this disorder. The process we have utilized is an interactive one in which you will be presented with questions commingled with problems and discussion. CASE REPORT A 3-month-old male infant had been well until two days prior to admission, when he had developed fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. Initially the vomiting and diarrhea were mild, and a pediatrician recommended administration of clear liquids. On the day of admission the infant ate nothing at all, vomited every one to two hours, and had more than ten stools, all of which consisted primarily of water. The parents reported that by 5 PM the child became suddenly pale and his skin seemed cool, although when they took the rectal temperature it was 37.7 C(100 F). The baby became increasingly lethargic and limp. By 6 PM, when the parents rushed the child to the emergency room, he could not be awakened at all. The receiving physician in the emergency room found an unresponsive flaccid baby with a respiratory rate of 62 breaths per minute. A feeble pulse was 154 beats per minute and the rectal temperature was 38.1 C. The odor of acetone was apprent in the baby's breath.

Acclimatization of calves to a hot dry environment

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Physiological Reactions

1. Three calves were individually exposed in a climatic room to an environment of 45° C. dry-bulb and 28° C. wet-bulb temperature for 21 successive days up to 5 hr. each day.2. In the 21-day period, mostly during the first half of it, the following changes in the physiological reactions of the animals were observed: progressive reductions in rectal temperature, in heart rate and in respiratory rate with a change of breathing from a laboured to a less laboured type.3. It was suggested that a decrease in metabolic heat production might play a part in the observed acclimatization.

scholarly journals Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brighton Dzikiti
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthetic ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document