scholarly journals Comparative cellular immune response study of anthraxin prepared by a modified method with antigens extracted from Bacillus anthracis

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
An'am J.L. Al-Juboury
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Cell Wall Extract ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Active Antigen ◽  
Typical Picture ◽  
Delayed Type Of Hypersensitivity

The study was aimed to comparison of anthraxin prepared by a modifiedmethod from cell-wall extract of avirulent B .anthracis strain 34F2(Sterne)with antigens extracted from the same strain as 1/40 antigen, autoclaved 1/40and the crude toxin. These antigens were compared on their induction of cellmediatedimmunity (CMI) in guinea pigs. Animals were immunized andboosted subcutaneously with the Sterne live veterinary anthrax vaccine. Twoweeks after the booster dose, animals were skin-tested with the four antigens.Anthraxin was the most active antigen which recorded 16.66 mm a mean oferythema and 2.3 mm a difference of skin thickness after 24 hours. Both 1/40and autoclaved 1/40 antigens gave approximately the same results whichwere 12.5 mm as a mean of erythema and 2.25 mm skin thickness for thefirst one; and 12.8mm ,1.66mm for the other respectively. The toxin showedthe lowest results of erythema 7.8 mm with edema. These antigens were alsocompared according to the histological changes on their sites of inoculation.Marked (typical) picture of delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) reactionwas occurred for anthraxin

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF STREPTOCOCCI FROM CASES OF POLIOMYELITIS AND OTHER SOURCES

1917 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Streptococci cultivated from the tonsils of thirty-two cases of poliomyelitis were used to inoculate various laboratory animals. In no case was a condition induced resembling poliomyelitis clinically or pathologically in guinea pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, or monkeys. On the other hand, a considerable percentage of the rabbits and a smaller percentage of some of the other animals developed lesions due to streptococci. These lesions consisted of meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, abscess of the brain, arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, abscess of the kidney, endocarditis, pericarditis, and neuritis. No distinction in the character or frequency of the lesions could be determined between the streptococci derived from poliomyelitic patients and from other sources. Streptococci isolated from the poliomyelitic brain and spinal cord of monkeys which succumbed to inoculation with the filtered virus failed to induce in monkeys any paralysis or the characteristic histological changes of poliomyelitis. These streptococci are regarded as secondary bacterial invaders of the nervous organs. Monkeys which have recovered from infection with streptococci derived from cases of poliomyelitis are not protected from infection with the filtered virus, and their blood does not neutralize the filtered virus in vitro. We have failed to detect any etiologic or pathologic relationship between streptococci and epidemic poliomyelitis in man or true experimental poliomyelitis in the monkey.

scholarly journals Modified method for bronchial suture by Ramirez Gama compared to separate stitches suture: experimental study

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Vitor Mayer de Moura ◽  
Erinaldo Rocha Paes Lamdim ◽  
Felipe Souza Ferraz ◽  
Rodrigo Carvalho Turatti ◽  
Carolina de Barros Jaqueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Bronchial Stump ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Tracheal Pressure ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Manual Suture ◽  
Isolated Trachea

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally compare two classic techniques described for manual suture of the bronchial stump. METHODS: We used organs of pigs, with isolated trachea and lungs, preserved by refrigeration. We dissected 30 bronchi, which were divided into three groups of ten bronchi each, of 3mm, 5mm, and 7mm, respectively. In each, we performed the suture with simple, separated, extramucosal stitches in five other bronchi, and the technique proposed by Ramirez and modified by Santos et al in the other five. Once the sutures were finished, the anastomoses were tested using compressed air ventilation, applying an endotracheal pressure of 20mmHg. RESULTS: the Ramirez Gama suture was more effective in the bronchi of 3, 5 and 7 mm, and there was no air leak even after subjecting them to a tracheal pressure of 20mmHg. The simple interrupted sutures were less effective, with extravasation in six of the 15 tested bronchi, especially in the angles of the sutures. These figures were not significant (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: manual sutures of the bronchial stumps were more effective when the modified Ramirez Gama suture was used in the caliber bronchi arms when tested with increased endotracheal pressure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cellular immune response in Golden Hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani comparing with cellular immune response against chicken Red Blood Cells.

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control ◽  
Delayed Type Of Hypersensitivity

The Evaluation of the immune response in Golden Hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani was determined in this study, particularly, the cellular immune response. Follow up has maintained to determine the Delayed Type of Hypersensitivity using skin test both in infected and control lab animals. Chicken red blood cells were used as a parameter to evaluate the immune system; they are dull and have the ability of immunization. Two concentrations of chicken R.B.C were examined to determine which gives the higher titration in Hamsters and those were 1.5 X 109 cell/ml and 3 X 109 cell/ml , the second concentration gave the maximum titration where then used in this work. After sensitization with Chicken R.B.C for both infected and control groups, delayed type of hypersensitivity has been used against Leishmania donovani antigen and 4 days of follow up were adopted and they were (14, 30, 60, 90) day after infection. Results showed that skin test against both antigens ( L.donovani and chicken R.B.C) was significantly higher than normal at the first day of follow up ( day 14) then gradual decreasing were noticed till the last day of follow up (90). This can indicate that the infection with L.donovani activated the immune response at the beginning of infection, then leads to cellular immune suppression against both L.donovani antigen and chicken R.B.C., so that this immunosuppression is not specific.

About morphological changes in the kidney in children with infections and some other diseases

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
The One

The issue of pathological and histological changes in the kidneys in children with various infections and other diseases cannot be considered sufficiently researched and worked out. Only in certain infections (scarlet fever) has much attention been paid to the study of the kidneys. Most of the works on the issue of interest to us date back to the time when, on the one hand, insufficient importance was attached to the early dissection of corpses and the freshness of the material, which, as is now known, is of particular importance for the histology of the kidney, on the other hand, such interpretation of the detected changes, which do not correspond to the views and concepts of modern nephropathology; Finally, those changes in views on some diseases that have occurred to date, for example, in the issue of disorders of digestion and nutrition in infants, dictate the need for a different approach to the study of renal changes in these diseases.

The Significance of the Chronic Anticoagulant Treatment in Recurrent Thromboembolic Caused by Hereditary Antithrombin III Deficiency

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nagy ◽  
H. Losonczy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency ◽  
Deep Vein

It has been known since the publication of Egeberg (1965, 1970) and Marciniak (1974) that herditary antithrombin III deficiency could be the cause of recurrent venous thromboembolism.The authors observed in 5 cases of severe repeated venous thrombosis in young patients an antithrombin III decrease, which proved to be a hereditary abnormality. In the case of a 15 years old girl the late introduced anticoagulant treatment could not save the life of the patient, she died after repeated deep vein thrombosis. In the other cases the long-lasting anticoagulant treatment resulted in a perfect clinical improve, while the behaviour of antithrombin III was different; in some cases its quantity (determined by radial -immunodiffusion) and functional activity (examined by modified method of Gerendás and Rák) remained decreased, while in the other cases its functional activity increased during the anticoagulant treatment as it was found by Marciniak, too.It is most likely, that there are two types of hereditary antithrombin III decrease; in one of them the quantitative and functional decrease goes parallel, in the other there is mainly a functional decrease, which improves during the chronic anticoagulant treatment. The authors demonstrated the significance of the prolonged anticoagulant treatment in the patients with hereditary antithrombin III decrease.

SOME SKIN CHARACTERISTICS OF "SNORTER" DWARFISM IN THE BOVINE

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
B. R. BENJAMIN ◽  
E. W. STRINGAM ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Thickness

Four characteristics, namely, skin thickness, the number of sweat glands per square centimeter of skin, the volume of sweat glands and the depth at which these sweat glands were located were investigated in the three genotypes of Hereford cattle.Of the four characteristics studied, only skin thickness differed significantly among the three genotypes. The dwarfs had the thinnest skin and the normal animals had the thickest skin. The heterozygotes showed intermediate values. No significant differences were revealed among the three genotypes for the other three characteristics.

Chromatographic Detection of Flavor Additives in Vanilla Extract

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
S Kahan ◽  
J Fitelson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Ethyl Vanillin ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Layer Method ◽  
Layer Technique ◽  
Thin Layer Method ◽  
Chromatographic Detection

Abstract Two chromatographic methods, one a thin-layer technique and the other paper chromatography, were developed for five flavoring additives and submitted to collaborative study. The thinlayer method gave good results and proved to be a rapid and sensitive test. However, some of the features of the method required further study to improve the identification of the separated spots. A better test for coumarin and another solvent giving greater separation between the ethyl vanillin and veratraldehyde spots were developed. The modified method has been recommended for adoption as official, first action. Some analysts attained good results with the paper chromatographic test; others, even experienced analysts, got poor results. Some of the difficulty was traced to variations in composition of reagents, but the method needs further study to standardize conditions. This method was not recommended for adoption. The proposed chromatographic thin-layer method offers a rapid means of detecting ethyl vanillin, veratraldehyde (methyl vanillin), coumarin, piperonal (heliotropin), and vanitrope (propenyl guaethol).

scholarly journals THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE THYROID GLAND OF THE RABBIT FOLLOWING LOBECTOMY

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hamilton Crawford ◽  
J. N. J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Right

1. In a series of rabbits the changes which took place in the histology of the left lobe of the thyroid gland after excision of the right lobe have been studied at varied intervals of time. 2 days after the removal of one lobe the other lobe showed a slightly increased colloid content, an increased vacuolation of the colloid, and a slight increase in the size of the epithelial cells. At the end of a week the vesicles were greatly increased in size, distended with colloid, and the epithelial cells were flattened, while after 3 to 4 months signs of compensatory hypertrophy were present. 2. The changes observed were uninfluenced by division of the vagus or cervical sympathetic.

scholarly journals Effect of groundnut meal containing aflatoxin on Cynomolgus monkeys

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. J. Cuthbertson ◽  
A. C. Laursen ◽  
D. A. H. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Aflatoxin B

1. Both male and female Cynomolgus (Macaca irus) monkeys survived for 3 years without apparent ill health when fed on diets containing groundnut meal to provide up to 0·36 μg aflatoxin B1per g diet and thus supplying a mean daily consumption of up to 2 μg aflatoxin B1per kg body-weight. No histological changes attributable to aflatoxicosis were discovered in any of the organs from the monkeys receiving these quantities of aflatoxin.2. Few monkeys survived for more than a month or two when given a diet containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1per g, which provided about 50 μg aflatoxin B1per kg body-weight per day.3. No depression in growth rate nor effect on health was noted in those monkeys which survived on diets containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1, nor in any of the other monkeys.4. Histological changes were observed in the livers of all monkeys receiving the diet containing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1per g for more than a month or two, but no abnormalities related to aflatoxicosis could be detected in any of the other organs, except for minor changes in the kidneys of two monkeys.5. No tumours were seen in any of the monkeys, even in those surviving for 3 years on diets providing 1·8 μg aflatoxin B1/g. Thus, no conclusions can be drawn from this work as to the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin in monkeys (still less in man), because the animals were young and little is known of the duration of exposure required to demonstrate carcinogenicity in this species.

scholarly journals A study on the histological changes resulting from certain virus infections of the potato

1932 ◽  
Vol 111 (769) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phloem Necrosis ◽  
Morbid Anatomy

A degeneration of the phloem elements of the potato, which occurs in plants suffering from Leaf-roll, was first described by Quanjer (1913). Since them phloem necrosis has been recorded by many workers, some ascribing it to specific pathogenic causes while others state that it occurs in both healthy and diseased plants. Esmarch (1921) states that it is always present in the ripening plant, and v. Brehmer (1923) shows three types of necrosis, viz., Nekrobiose , Obliteration and Necrosis , of which only the last is necessarily due to virus infection. On the other hand, Artschwager (1923) found necrotic changes only in virus infected and injured plants. In this paper an attempt is made to correlate the histopathological changes occuring in virus diseased plants with the external symptoms which they exhibit. A large part of the work is devoted to the morbid anatomy of certain “Streak” diseases, for a detailed account of the external symptons of which see Salaman and Bawden (1932).

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