scholarly journals Study of the changes of some physical & chemical parameters accompanied to Ovine and Caprine urinary system infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Wahab A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Physical Chemical

This study was devoted to determination of normal physical andchemical values of 100 sample of Ovine and Caprine urine withmicroscopically examination of urine samples sterilely collectedfrom sheep & goat slaughtered in Al-Shulla governmental slaughterhouse between may and November 2004 as well as demonstration ofchanges in these values in case of presence of microbes in urine .Thisstudy illustrated no significant differences(P<0.05) of urine analysisvalues between sheep & goat but these values significantlychanged(P<0.05)with the presence of microbes in urine and thesechanges included opacity of urine, decrease of specific gravity &increase of urine pH.25 sample were positive to protein test with concentration extent from 200to 1000mg/dl , 11 samples (44%) were positive to penzedin test. Thebacterial culture of the urine sample showed different species of bacteria thetotal presence of bacteria was 25% in both sheep & goat includingStaphylococcus aurous, Streptococcus spp, Corynobacterium renale,Escherichia coli, Protes vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumonia .

scholarly journals Determination of trace metals in water from Mangueira Lagoon – RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-620
Author(s):  
Filipe Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Eduarda Medran Rangel ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract Determination of trace metals was carried out in Mangueira Lagoon, in the southern zone of Rio Grande do Sul. Samples were collected at five points to evaluate the concentrations of the following trace metals: copper, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel and iron. Metals were determined by digestion with concentrated nitric acid and pre-concentrated in Chelex 100 resin analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In parallel, the physical-chemical parameters pH, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and organic matter in the water were determined. Potassium and sodium metals were analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry. The analyzes of pH and conductance were analyzed in the field while the others were done in the laboratory of the research group of environmental contaminants (GPCA). Through the results of physical-chemical parameters of the water, the Mangueira Lagoon exhibits a low degree of contamination, but in the future may compromise the biota of the lagoon. Regarding the focus of this work, of Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn (heavy metals), only lead and iron obtained the values above that are established in CONAMA 357/2005.

Determination of Amphetamine and Methylamphetamine by Gas-liquid Chromatography (Head Space)

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martinez ◽  
M.P. Gimenez
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Flame Detection ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

1 A method for determining amphetamine and methylamphetamine in urine by gas-liquid chromatography is described. 2 Chromatography is performed on a 10% Apiezon L, 10% KOH column with alkali-flame detection (NPD). This method avoids the losses of these volatile substances which are known to occur when solvent extraction is used. An alkalinized urine sample (1 ml) is introduced into a sealed vial which is heated in a water bath at 70°C for 20 min. A 1 ml portion of the gas phase in equilibrium with the liquid phase is chromatographed. 3 Amphetamine and methylamphetamine can be detected and measured in urine samples after single therapeutic doses of the drugs.

scholarly journals Kajian Kualitas Air Laut dan Indeks Pencemaran Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia di Perairan Distrik Depapre, Jayapura

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baigo Hamuna ◽  
Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽  
Suwito Suwito ◽  
Hendra Kurniawan Maury ◽  
Alianto Alianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Status ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Water Quality Status

ABSTRAKKondisi kualitas air suatu perairan yang baik sangat penting untuk mendukung kelulushidupan organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Penentuan status mutu air perlu dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan pemantauan pencemaran kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status mutu air dan menentukan indeks pencemaran berdasarkan parameter fisika-kimia di perairan Distrik Depapre, Kabupaten Jayapura. Pengambilan sampel kualitas air dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2017 di lima stasiun penelitian, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan KEPMEN-LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang masih sesuai baku mutu antara lain suhu, salinitas, sulfida dan kecerahan perairan, sedangkan parameter yang telah melampaui baku mutu antara lain pH, ammonia total, nitrat dan fosfat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran menunjukkan bahwa perairan Distrik Depapre berada dalam kategori tercemar ringan hingga tercemar sedang.Kata kunci: Baku Mutu, Indeks Pencemaran, Kualitas Air, Parameter Fisika-Kimia, Distrik DepapreABSTRACTGood water quality is extremely important to support life of organisms. The determination of water quality status was needed as reference to monitor water pollution. This study aimed to assess the status of water quality and determine pollution index based on physical-chemical parameters in the Depapre District waters, Jayapura Regency. Sampling was carried out in October 2017 across five research stations, then the results were compared with water quality standards based on KEPMEN-LH No. 51 Tahun 2004 for marine biotas. The results showed that the parameters in according to the quality standards are temperature, salinity, sulphide and water transparency, while those that have exceeded the quality standards are pH, total ammonia, nitrate and phosphate. Based on the calculation of pollution index indicates that the Depapre District waters was in light pollution to medium categories.Keywords: Depapre District, Physical-Chemical Parameters, Pollution Index, Standards, Water QualityCitation: Hamuna, B., Tanjung, H.H.R, Suwito and Maury H.K. (2018).Kajian Kualitas Air Laut dan Indeks Pencemaran Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia Di Perairan Distrik Depapre, Jayapura. Judul. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 35-43, doi:10.14710/jil.16.135-43

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY AND DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PEGA-PINTO TINCTURE (Boerhavia diffusa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 774-782
Author(s):  
B. T. M. LIMA ◽  
E. S. CARMO ◽  
F. D. de MEDEIROS ◽  
J. B. P. de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics

It is necessary to adopt a quality control system that guarantees reliability in relation to herbal products, especially in the consumer market, giving them security, efficiency and quality. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize parameters for quality control of pega-pinto root tincture produced at the Home Remedies Manufactory linked to the Center for Popular Education (CENEP), located in the city of Nova Palmeira-PB. For this, organoleptic characteristics (color and odor) were observed and the microbiological and physicochemical tests were carried out according to the specifications of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2010). The determination of the total number of mesophilic microorganisms was performed by the plate count method in depth, the pathogen search aimed at the detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus using selectives culture mediums and the antimicrobial efficacy was given by the method of diffusion in agar versus E. coli. Characteristic constituents were determined by phytochemical tests, pH, relative density and solid residue were checked. Pega-pinto tincture showed yellowish coloration, characteristic soft odor, presence of particles in suspension and formation of precipitate. Count values of the total number of mesophilic microorganisms varied from 2.0 x 102 to 1.1 x 103 CFU/mL for bacteria, and 1.6 x 102 to 5.3 x 102 for fungi. None of the microorganisms surveyed was identified, indicating absence of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella. No inhibition of E. coli was observed in antimicrobial efficacy assays. The presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and a slightly positive reaction to tannins was evidenced. The physical-chemical parameters were pH 5.69, relative density 0.93 mg/mL and dry residue 2.86%. Thus, compliance with the pharmacopoeia microbial limits was observed and, although it did not show efficacy against E. coli, the values of physic-chemical parameters are similar to those of other tinctures, being described for the first time for the tincture of pega-pinto.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pseudo-total and labile metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in surface sediments at the mouth of tributaries of the Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1SI) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ismael Laurindo Costa Junior ◽  
Thiara Reis Lopes ◽  
Bruna Ataide Barros Fonseca ◽  
Mariane Butik ◽  
Juliana Bortoli Rodrigues Mees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sediment Classification ◽  
Effect Level

Sediments are reservoirs for a variety of substances widely used as indicators of pollution in aquatic environments. In this research was carried out the evaluation of the concentration of metals in the pseudo-total and labile fractions in surface sediments at the mouth of four main tributaries of the Itaipu Reservoir. Three samplings were performed between February 2014 and March 2015 using Petersen type dredger. The determination of metals occurred by atomic absorption spectrometry and physical-chemical parameters by gravimetric and potentiometric techniques. The samples presented neutral to slightly alkaline character and homogeneous pHs. It was observed the predominance of the clay fraction and the occurrence of variable organic matter between the points. In the labile fraction, only the copper content reached concentrations higher than the thresholds effects levels (TEL) at all sampling points. In the pseudo-total fraction, some sites presented for Cr, Pb and Zn TEL level. For Ni, values of probable effects level (PEL) were verified and for Cu, concentrations in severe effect level (SEL) were reported according to the international sediment classification criteria adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

scholarly journals Quality of raw water in the Guandu Basin of Rio de Janeiro state during water crisis of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adriana Sotero-Martins ◽  
Aloysio Da Silva Ferrão-Filho ◽  
José Augusto Albuquerque dos Santos ◽  
Priscila Gonçalves Moura ◽  
Natasha Berendonk Handam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Basic Sanitation

At the beginning of 2020, about 9 million inhabitants of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, dependent on the Guandu Basin, experienced a water-supply crisis when their water tasted badly and gave off an odor. This work presents the results of analyses of the sanitary quality of raw water in this system at two different times during the water crisis, with respect to the presence of cyanobacteria found using metagenomic studies, and cyanotoxins, microcystin (MC) and saxitoxin (SXT) quantified by ELISA. Analyses of raw water quality parameters were carried out through the determination of total coliforms and Escherichia coli levels and some physical-chemical parameters. The raw water collected in both periods presented levels of Escherichia coli levels above the maximum allowed values (MAV) described in Resolution 357/2000 of the National Environmental Agency, as well as the levels of MC in a filter sample. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed and the SXT levels were in accordance with this resolution. The most abundant cyanobacterial genus in the critical period was Planktothricoides sp. Therefore, it is necessary to implement basic sanitation in cities upstream from the point of capture of raw water from this source, so that events similar to those that occurred in the 2020 water crisis do not recur.

A Simple and Rapid Procedure for the Determination of α Amino-nitrogen and Ammonia in Urine

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Clarkson ◽  
L Ferraio
Keyword(s):  
Urine Sample ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Rapid Procedure ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Colorimetric Procedure

Abstract The ninhydrin-colorimetric procedure for the determination of urinary α amino-nitrogen has been simplified by the use of the Conway microdiffusion unit to remove ammonia from the sample. In this way, urinary ammonia is measured, and at the same time an ammonia-free urine sample is ready for α amino-nitrogen analysis. Values for total and free α amino-nitrogen in normal urine samples were found to be similar to those previously reported by more complicated procedures.

scholarly journals Study of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Species in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Kumari Ragani Yadav ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sujit Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kewal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species are most common ESBL producers and associated with UTI in both community and hospital setting, often limiting the treatment therapy of UTI. Aim of present study was Isolation and Identification of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella Species in urine sample from cases of UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Nobel Medical College with effect from October 2018 to June 2019 after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of the college as per clinical laboratory standards institute of (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of total 2567 urine samples, 631(24.5%) samples showed microbial growth. Among which E. coli was 288(45.6%), Klebsiella species were 20(31.5%), other gram-negative bacteria were 158(25%), gram positive bacteria were 114(18%) and fungus 51(8%) were recovered. Out of 631 culture positive urine samples, 308 urine samples were positive for E. coli/K. species 288(93.5%)/20(42.5%) respectively. Among which ESBL isolates were 213(69%) and non ESBL isolates were 95(31%). All ESBL producing E. coli and K. species were found (100%) sensitive to meropenem. Similarly, among other antibiotics also showed increased susceptibility towards the piperacillin/tazobactum (97.2%),cefoperazone/sulbactum (94.4%) and amikacin (93.0%). Conclusion: The highest numbers of ESBL producers E. coli and K. species from urine sample are increasing day by day and creating serious problem in treating patients in Nepal. So it should be mandatory and very essential to have routine monitoring system to detect the ESBL producing isolates in clinical laboratories.

scholarly journals Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelais Athanasatou ◽  
Aikaterini Kandyliari ◽  
Olga Malisova ◽  
Maria Kapsokefalou
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Spot Urine Sample ◽  
Food And Drink

Mild dehydration may occur during specific periods of the day because of poor hydration habits and/or limited access to a variety of beverages or foods, for example, in work environments. Measurement of hydration indices in spot or in 24 h urine samples may mask mild dehydration in specific periods of the day. Healthy subjects (n = 164; 74 females; age 38 ± 12 years) living in Athens, Greece were enrolled in the study. Subjects recorded their solid food and drink intakes and recorded and collected all urinations for three consecutive days. Water intake was analyzed in 24 h and 6 h periods from wake-up time and scored for variety. Urine hydration indices (osmolality, volume, color, specific gravity) were analyzed in 24 h samples, in morning urine samples and in samples collected in 6 h periods from wake-up time. Fluctuations during the day were significant for the intake of drinking water, hot beverages, milk, fruit and vegetable juices, and alcoholic drinks and for urine osmolality, volume, color, and specific gravity. The urine volume of the first 6 h period after wake-up time (557 ± 231 mL/day) reflects by 76% the 24 h urine collection (1331 ± 144 mL/day). Water intake from all beverages, with the exception of alcoholic beverages, was greater in the first 6h period (morning period) and decreased throughout the day. Hydration indices changed accordingly. The 6 h timed urine sample collected reflects indices in samples collected over 24 h better than any spot urine sample.

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